Iddo

Fausset's Bible Dictionary

1.  1 Kings 4:14.

2.  1 Chronicles 6:21. Adaiah in  1 Chronicles 6:41;  Ezra 10:39.

3.  1 Chronicles 27:21.

4. Yedoi or Yedo. A "seer" whose "visions against Jeroboam the son of Nebat" contained notices of Solomon's life ( 2 Chronicles 9:29). His work "concerning genealogies" recorded "acts of Rehoboam" ( 2 Chronicles 12:15). His "story" or commentary recorded the "acts, ways, and sayings of Abijah" ( 2 Chronicles 13:22). His writings doubtless are embodied in Chronicles, so far as the Spirit of God saw them suited to form part of the inspired word. Tradition identifies him with the "man of God" who denounced Jeroboam's calf altar at Bethel (1 Kings 13), which  2 Chronicles 9:29 favors; also with Oded which resembles his name ( 2 Chronicles 15:1).

5. Grandfather of Zechariah ( Zechariah 1:1;  Zechariah 1:7;  Ezra 5:1;  Ezra 6:14, "son" here means grandson). Returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel ( Nehemiah 12:4;  Nehemiah 12:12;  Nehemiah 12:16).

6. Chief of those who met at Casiphia to join in the second caravan returning under Ezra ( Ezra 8:17;  Ezra 8:20) in the reign of Artaxerxes Longimanus, 458 B.C. Iddo was one of the 220 Nethinims who joined in the return.

Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible

IDDO . 1.  Ezra 8:17 ( 1Es 8:45 f. Loddeus ) the chief at Casiphia, who provided Ezra with Levites and Nethinim. 2.   1 Chronicles 27:21 son of Zechariah, captain of the half tribe of Manasseh in Gilead, perh. = No. 4 . 3.  Ezra 10:43 ( 1Es 9:35 Edos) one of those who had taken ‘strange’ wives. 4.   1 Kings 4:14 father of Abinadab, who was Solomon’s commissariat officer in Mahanaim in Gilead (see No. 2 ). 5.   1 Chronicles 6:21 a Gershonite Levite called Adaiah in   1 Chronicles 6:41 .   1 Chronicles 6:6 . A seer and prophet cited by the Chronicler as an authority for the reigns of Solomon (  2 Chronicles 9:29 ), Rehoboam (  2 Chronicles 12:15 ), Abijah (  2 Chronicles 13:22 ). 7.   Zechariah 1:1;   Zechariah 1:7 ,   Ezra 5:1;   Ezra 6:14 ( 1E  Esther 6:1 Addo ) grandfather (father acc. to Ezr.) of the prophet Zechariah; possibly of the same family as No. 2 . 8 .   Nehemiah 12:4;   Nehemiah 12:16 one of the priestly clans that went up with Zerubbabel.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

Id'do. (Timely Or Lovely).

1. The father of Abinadab.  1 Kings 4:14.

2. A descendant of Gershom, son of Levi.  1 Chronicles 6:21.

3. Son of Zechariah, ruler of the tribe of Manasseh, east of Jordan, in the time of David.  1 Chronicles 27:21. (B.C. 1014).

4. A seer, whose "visions" against Jeroboam, incidentally, contained some of the acts of Solomon.  2 Chronicles 9:29. He appears to have written a chronicle or story relating to the life and reign of Abijah.  2 Chronicles 13:22. (B.C. 961).

5. The grandfather of the prophet, Zechariah.  Zechariah 1:1;  Zechariah 1:7.

6. The chief of those, who assembled at Casiphia, at the time of the second caravan from Babylon. He was one of the Nethinim.  Ezra 8:17. Compare  Ezra 8:20. (B.C. 536).

Morrish Bible Dictionary

1. Father of Ahinadab one of Solomon's commissariat officers.  1 Kings 4:14 .

2. Son of Joah, a descendant of Gershom.  1 Chronicles 6:21 .

3. Son of Zechariah and a ruler of Manasseh in Gilead.  1 Chronicles 27:21 .

4. A seer who had 'visions' against Jeroboam. He wrote of Rehoboam in a book 'concerning genealogies;' and also of Abijah in his 'story' or 'commentary.'  2 Chronicles 9:29;  2 Chronicles 12:15;  2 Chronicles 13:22 .

5. Grandfather of Zechariah the prophet.  Ezra 5:1;  Ezra 6:14;  Zechariah 1:1,7 .

6. Chief at Casiphia, to whom Ezra sent for Levites.  Ezra 8:17 .

7. Priest who returned from exile.  Nehemiah 12:4,16 .

Holman Bible Dictionary

 Ezra 8:17 Ezra 8:19-20 2 1 Chronicles 27:21 Ezra 10:43  2 Chronicles 9:29 2 Chronicles 12:15 2 Chronicles 13:22 1 Kings 13:1 Zechariah 1:1 1:7  Ezra 5:1 Ezra 6:14  Nehemiah 12:4 12:16 5 1 Kings 4:14 6 1 Chronicles 6:21

Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary

a prophet of the kingdom of Judah, who wrote the actions of Rehoboam's and Abijah's reigns,  2 Chronicles 12:15 . It seems by  2 Chronicles 13:22 , that he had entitled his work, Midrasch, or, "Inquiries." We know nothing particularly concerning the life of this prophet. It is probable that he likewise wrote some prophecies against Jeroboam, the son of Nebat,   2 Chronicles 9:29 , wherein part of Solomon's life was included. Josephus, and many others after him, are of opinion that it was Iddo who was sent to Jeroboam, while he was at Bethel, and was there dedicating an altar to the golden calves; and that it was he who was killed by a lion, 1 Kings 13.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Lovely. The father of Berachiah, and grandfather of the prophet Zechariah ( Zechariah 1:1,7 ). He returned from Babylon ( Nehemiah 12:4 ).

Copyright Statement These dictionary topics are from M.G. Easton M.A., DD Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Third Edition, published by Thomas Nelson, 1897. Public Domain.

Bibliography Information Easton, Matthew George. Entry for 'Iddo'. Easton's Bible Dictionary. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/ebd/i/iddo.html. 1897.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A prophet of Judah, who prophesied against Jeroboam, and wrote the history of Rehoboam and Abijah,  2 Chronicles 9:29   12:15   13:22 . Josephus and others are of opinion that he was sent to he, who was killed by a lion,  1 Kings 13:1-25 . Several other persons of this name are mentioned in Scripture,  1 Chronicles 27:21   Ezra 10:44   Zechariah 1:1 .

Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature

the name of several men in the Old Testament, of different forms in the Hebrew.

1. Iddo ( עַדּוֹ , timely, or born to a Festival; Sept. Αδδί , Vulg. Addo), a Levite, son of Joah and father of Zerah ( 1 Chronicles 6:21); called more accurately perhaps ANDAIA. in  1 Chronicles 6:41.

2. Yiddo ( יַדּוֹ , lovely; Sept. Ι᾿Αδδαϊ v , Vulg. Jaddo), son of Zechariah, and David's viceroy of the half tribe of Manasseh east ( 1 Chronicles 27:21). B.C. 1014.

3. Iddo ( עַדּוֹא , a prolonged form of No. 1; Sept. Αδδώ ,Vulg. Addo), the father of Ahinadab, which latter was Solomon's purveyor in the district of Mahanaim ( 1 Kings 4:14). B.C. cir. 995.

4. Iddo ( עַדּוֹ , same as first name,  2 Chronicles 12:15;  2 Chronicles 13:22; Sept. Ἀδδώ , Vulg. Addo) or Yedo' ( יֶעְדּוֹ ,  2 Chronicles 9:29, margin, but Yedi', יֶעְדַּוֹ , text; both less accurate forms for the last name; Sept. has Ι᾿Ωήλ , Vulg. Addo, A. Vers. "Iddo"), a prophet of Judah, who wrote the history of Rehoboam and Abijah; or rather, perhaps, who, in conjunction with Seraiah, kept the public rolls during their reigns ( 2 Chronicles 12:15); and who in that capacity recorded certain predictions against Jeroboam ( 2 Chronicles 9:29; although Bertheau, ad loc., and Ewald, Isr. Gesch., 3rd ed., i, 216, think this a different person). B.C. post 953. It seems from  2 Chronicles 13:22 that he named his book מַדנְרָשׁ , Midradh, or "Exposition." Josephus (Ant. 8: 9, 1) states that this Iddo ( Ι᾿Αδών ) was the prophet who was sent to Jeroboam at Bethel, and consequently the same that was slain by a lion for disobedience to his instructions (1 Kings 13) and many commentators have followed this statement Kitto. He is also identified with Oded (see Jerome on  2 Chronicles 15:1).

5. Iddo ( עַדּוֹ , same name as last,  Zechariah 1:1, elsewhere עַדּוֹא , id.; but עַדַּיא , Iddi', apparently by error, in  Nehemiah 12:16; Sept. Ἀδδώ , but Ἀδαϊ v Ας in  Nehemiah 12:4, and Ἀδαδαϊ v in  Nehemiah 12:16; Vulg. Addo, but Adaja in  Nehemiah 12:16), the father of Barachiah and grandfather of the prophet Zechariah ( Zechariah 1:1;  Zechariah 1:7; comp.  Ezra 5:1;  Ezra 6:14;  Nehemiah 12:16). He was one of the chief priests who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel ( Nehemiah 12:4). B.C. 536.

6. Iddo ( אַדּוֹ , Mishap; Sept. omits, Vulg. Eddo), chief of the Jews of the Captivity established at Casiphia, a place of which it is difficult to determine the position. It was to him that Ezra sent a requisition for Levites and Nethinim, none of whom had yet joined his caravan. Thirty- eight Levites and 250 Nethinim responded to his call ( Ezra 8:17-20). B.C. 459. It would seem from this that Iddo was a chief person of the Nethinim, descended from those Gibeonites who were charged with the servile labors of the tabernacle and Temple. This is one of several circumstances which indicate that the Jews, in their several colonies under the Exile, were still ruled by the heads of their nations and allowed the free exercise of their worship.

7. (See Jadan). Idealism (from Idea) is a term given to several systems of philosophy, and therefore varying in its signification according to the meaning which they severally attach to the word Idea. Until the 17th century, when Descartes came forward with his Discourse On Method (1637), it had the signification which Plato gave to it, and was understood to refer to the Platonic doctrine of eternal forms ( Ἰδέαι ) existing in the divine mind, according to which the world and all sensible things were framed. "Plato agreed with the rest of the ancient philosophers in this-that all things consist of matter and form, and that the matter of which all things were made existed from eternity without form; but he likewise believed that there are eternal forms of all possible things which exist without matter, and to those eternal and immaterial forms he gave the name of ideas. In the Platonic sense, then, ideas were the patterns according to which the deity fashioned the phenomenal or ectypal world" (Reid, Intellectual Powers. Ess. 1, chap. 2). The word was used in this sense not only in philosophy, but also in literature, down to the 17th century, as in Spenser, Shakspeare, Hooker, and Milton. Thus Milton in his Paradise Lost:

"God saw his works were good, Answering his fair idea."

Sir William Hamilton, who informs us that the change of signification of idea was first introduced by David Buchanan in 1636, one year earlier than Descartes, says in his Discussions, p. 70: "The fortune of this word is curious. Employed by Plato to express the real forms of the intelligible world, in lofty contrast with the unreal images of the sensible, it was lowered by Descartes, who extended it to the objects of our consciousness in general. When, after Gassendi, the school of Condillac had analyzed our highest faculties into our lowest, the idea was still more deeply degraded from its high original. Like a fallen angel, it was relegated from the sphere of divine intelligence to the atmosphere of human sense, till at last ideologie (more correctly idealogie), a word which could only properly suggest an a priori scheme, deducing our knowledge from the intellect, has in France become the name peculiarly distinctive of that philosophy of mind which exclusively derives our knowledge from the senses." Instead of employing the terms image, species, phantasm, etc., with reference to the mental representation of external things, as had previously been done, Descartes adopted the word idea. In this use of the word he was followed by other philosophers, as Leibnitz and Locke, who desired the word to stand for "whatever is the object of the understanding when a man thinks." Jence the mental impression that we are supposed to have when thinking of the sun. without seeing the actual object, is called our idea of the sun. The idea is thus in contrast with the sensation, or the feeling that we have when the senses are engaged directly or immediately upon the thing itself. The sensation is the result of the pressure of the object, and declares an external reality; the impression persisting after the thing has gone, and recoverable by mental causes without the original, is the idea. Although the word in this application may be so guarded as to lead to no bad consequences, Reid (Intellectual Powers Ess. 1, chap. 1) most vehemently protested against its use in such a sense, holding that it gave countenance to the setting up of a new and fictitious element in the operations of the mind.. But this raises the great question of metaphysics, namely, the exact nature of our knowledge of an external world. Bishop Berkeley (q.v.), however, must be regarded as the true representative of modern idealism. He held that "the qualities of supposed objects cannot be perceived distinct from the mind that perceives them; and these qualities, it will be allowed, are all that we can know of such objects. If, therefore, there were external bodies, it is impossible we should ever know it; and if there were not, we should have exactly the same reason for believing there were as we now have.

All, therefore, which really exists is spirit, or ‘ the thinking principle' ourselves, our fellow-men, and God. What we call ideas are presented to us by God in a certain order of succession, which order of successive presentation is what we mean by the laws of nature." This mode of speculation of bishop Berkeley, which he defended with so much acuteness, and which Lewis (Hist. of Philippians 2, 283) now goes forth to defend, claiming that the bishop's critics misunderstood him, he held to be the only possible true view of our nature and the government of God. But there is no question that, whatever benefits it may have bestowed upon the bishop and his immediate disciples, it has been found, practically, to lead to skepticism. "By taking away the grounds of a belief which is both natural and universal, and which cannot, at first, be even doubted without a severe exercise of thought, it shook men's faith in all those primary truths which are at once the basis of their knowledge and the guides of their conduct. It seemed to throw distrust on the evidence of the senses, as it really invalidated the spontaneous conclusions which every man inevitably forms from that evidence." This theory is conclusively proved by the conduct of Hume; for, if a main pillar of the edifice could so easily be shaken, what was there to hinder from throwing down the whole fabric? Beginning where Berkeley began, Hume proceeded much farther, and left unassailed hardly one article of human faith. He denied the reality not only of the object perceived, but of the mind perceiving. He reduced all thinking existence to a succession of rapidly fleeting ideas, each one being known only at the instant of its manifestation to consciousness, and then fading away, leaving no surely recognizable trace of itself on the memory, and affording no ground for an anticipation of the future. We do not even know, he maintains, that any one thing depends upon another in the relation of an effect to its cause. We know no true cause whatever, and our only idea of power is a fiction and a blunder. The conclusion of the whole matter, according to his philosophy, is, not the mere negation of this or that positive belief, but universal distrust of the human faculties, considered as means for the acquisition of truth. They contradict each other, and leave nothing certain except that nothing can be known. (See Hume); (See Reid).

The German philosophers Kant, Fichte, and Schelling, who are often classed among the idealistic school, used the word Idea in the Platonic or transcendental sense. Hegel, on the other hand, modified the use of the word to such an extent that his idealism does not only deserve to be called Absolute-Idealism, but much more properly pantheistic, no less than the doctrine of the Eleatics anciently, or of Spinoza in modern times. It is thus apparent, from the looseness of the application of the word idea, and the danger of its not conveying a definite signification, that we need a general word in the English language which may more accurately express the contrast to sensation or to actuality. But, as no better has yet been found, it is difficult to avoid the use of ideality, "being what is common to memory and to imagination, and expressing the mind as not under the present impression of real objects, but as, by its own tenacity and associating powers, having those objects to all practical ends before its view. Thus all our sensations, whether of sight, hearing, touch, taste, or smell, and all the feelings that we have in the exercise of our moving energies, become transformed into ideas when, without the real presence of the original agency, we can deal with them in the way of pursuit or avoidance, or can discriminate and compare them, nearly as if in their first condition as sensation." Sir W. Hamilton, in his Lectures on Logic (1, 126), has endeavored to avoid employing the word, but other writers on mental philosophy have freely adopted it in the above acceptation. See Chambers, Cyclop. 5, 510 sq.; Krauth's Fleming, Vocab. of Philos. p. 222 sq.; Brande and Cox, Dict. of Science, Lit. and Art, ii, 189; Morell, History of Philos. p. 55 sq.; Lewis, Hist. of Philos. (enlarged ed.), see Index; Farrar, Crit, Hist. of Free Thought, p. 422; M'Cosh, Intuitions of the Mind, p. 317 sq.; Morell's Tennemann, Hist. of Philos. see Index; N. A. Rev. No. 76, p. 60 sq.; Jour. Sac. Lit. 20, 298 sq. (See Nihilism); (See Realism). (J. H.W.)

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

id´ō  :

(1) ( אדּו , 'iddō (?) , אדד ̇'ădhadh , "to be strong"), "hap," "happy" (?),   Ezra 8:17 ): The "chief at the place Casiphia," who provided Ezra with Levites and Nethinim, the head of the Levitical body or school, said to be one of the Nethinim or temple slaves, but perhaps an "and" has slipped out, and it should read: "his brethren and the Nethinim." 1 Esdras 8:45, 46 has "Loddeus (the King James Version "Saddeus"), the captain who was in the place of the treasury," keṣeph meaning silver. Septuagint has "in the place of the silver (ἐν ἀργυρίῳ τοῦ τόπου , en argurı́ō toú tópou ) ... to his brethren and to the treasurers."

(2) ( ידּו , yiddō , "beloved," or "loving,"   1 Chronicles 27:21 ): Son of Zechariah, and captain of the half-tribe of Manasseh in Gilead, under David.

(3) ( ידּו , yiddō , "beloved," or "loving,"   Ezra 10:43 ): One of those who had taken foreign wives. Another reading is Jaddai, the King James Version "Jadau." In 1 Esdras 9:35 "Edos" (the King James Version "Edes").

(4) ( עדּא , ‛iddō ), "timely,"   1 Kings 4:14 ): Father of Abinadab, Solomon's commissary in Mahanaim in Gilead.

(5) ( ידּו , yiddō , "beloved," or "loving,"   1 Chronicles 6:21 ): A G ershomite Levite, son of Joah, called Adaiah in verse 41; ancestor of Asaph.

(6) ( יעדּו , ye‛dō ( Kethı̄bh יעדּי , ye‛dı̄ ), or עדּו , ‛iddō , "decked," "adorned"): Seer ( ḥōzeh ) and prophet ( nābhi ), the Chronicler's "source" for the reign of Solomon (  2 Chronicles 9:29 ): "The visions of Iddo the seer concerning Jeroboam the son of Nebat"; and for the reign of Rehoboam ( 2 Chronicles 12:15 ): "The histories of Iddo (עדּו , ‛iddō ) the seer, after the manner of (or, "in reckoning") genealogies"; and for the reign of Abijah ( 2 Chronicles 13:22 ): "The commentary ( midhrash ) of the prophet Iddo" (עדּו , ‛iddō ). He may have been the prophet who denounced Jeroboam (1 Ki 13), who is called by Josephus and Jerome Jadon, or Jaddo. Jerome makes Iddo and Oded the same.

(7) ( עדּו , ‛iddō , "timely,"   Zechariah 1:1 ): Grandfather (father, according to Ezra) of the prophet, Zechariah. See also  Zechariah 1:7;  Ezra 5:1;  Ezra 6:14 ( עדּוא , ‛iddō' ). In 1 Esdras 6:1, "Addo."

(8) ( עדּוא , ‛iddō ), "decked," "adorned,"   Nehemiah 12:4 ,  Nehemiah 12:16 ): A priest who went up with Zerubbabel ( Nehemiah 12:4 ); one of the priestly clans which went up ( Nehemiah 12:16 ); perhaps same as (7).

Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature

Iddo, 1

Id´do, (Seasonable), a prophet of Judah, who wrote the history of Rehoboam and Abijah; or rather perhaps who, in conjunction with Seraiah, kept the public rolls during their reigns.' It seems by , that he named his book Midrash, or 'Exposition.' Josephus states that this Iddo was the prophet who was sent to Jeroboam at Bethel, and consequently the same who was slain by a lion for disobedience to his instructions (1 Kings 13); and many commentators have followed this statement.

Iddo, 2

Iddo, grandfather of the prophet Zechariah (;; ).

Iddo, 3

Iddo, chief of the Jews of the Captivity established at Casiphia, a place of which it is difficult to determine the position. It was to him that Ezra sent a requisition for Levites and Nethinim, none of whom had yet joined his caravan. Thirty-eight Levites and two hundred and fifty Nethinim responded to his call , B.C. 457. It would seem from this that Iddo was a chief person of the Nethinim, descended from those Gibeonites who were charged with the servile labors of the tabernacle and temple. This is one of several circumstances which indicate that the Jews in their several colonies under the Exile were still ruled by the heads of their nation, and allowed the free exercise of their worship.

Iddo, 4

Iddo (lovely), a chief of the half tribe of Manasseh beyond the Jordan .