Set
Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words [1]
"to cause to stand," is translated "to set" in Matthew 4:5 (aorist tense in the best texts; some have the present, as in AV); 18:2; 25:33; Mark 9:36; Luke 4:9; 9:47; John 8:3; Acts 4:7; 5:27; 6:6; in Acts 6:13 , "set up;" Acts 22:30; in Jude 1:24 , RV, "to set" (AV, "to present"). See Abide , No. 10.
lit., "to set down" (kata, "down," and No. 1), "to appoint, constitute," is translated "to set" in Matthew 24:45,47; 25:21,23 , RV (AV, "made"); so Luke 12:42,44; it is found in some mss. in Hebrews 2:7 , and translated "set over" (AV), See Appoint , No. 2.
"to put, to place," is translated "to set" in Acts 1:7 , of times and seasons (AV, "put"); Acts 13:47; Revelation 10:2; "setteth on" (of wine) in John 2:10 , RV (AV, "doth set forth"); in the AV of Mark 4:21 (2nd part) and in Luke 8:16 it is rendered "set" (RV, "put"), of a lamp (some texts have No. 6 in both). In Mark 4:30 it is used of "setting" forth by parable the teaching concerning the kingdom of God, RV, "shall we set (it) forth" (AV, "compare"). See Appoint , No. 3.
"to place beside" (para, "beside," and No. 3), "to set forth," of a parable, Matthew 13:24 , RV (AV, "put forth"); "to set before," of food, Mark 6:41; 8:6 (twice),7; Luke 9:16; 10:8; 11:6; Acts 16:34; 1—Corinthians 10:27 . See Allege , No. 1, PUT, No. 3.
"to place or put around" (peri, "around," and No. 3), is translated "to set about" (of a hedge) in Mark 12:1 . See Bestow , No. 5, PUT.
"to put, set or lay upon," is used of the placing over the head of Christ on the cross "His accusation," Matthew 27:37 , "set up;" of attacking a person, Acts 18:10 , "shall set on." See Add. No. 1.
"to set before" (pro, "before," and No. 3), is used in the Middle Voice, translated "set forth," of Christ, in Romans 3:25 (RV marg., "purposed"). See Purpose , B, No. 3.
"to give," is translated "I have set before" in Revelation 3:8 (RV marg., "given"). See Give.
used transitively, signifies "to cause to sit down, set, appoint," translated "to set" in Acts 2:30 , RV (AV, incorrectly, "to set"); in 1—Corinthians 6:4 , of appointing, i.e., obtaining the services of, judges in lawcourts; in Ephesians 1:20 , RV, "made (Him) to sit" (AV, "set").
Hebrews 8:1 Hebrews 12:2 Revelation 3:21 Matthew 21:7Sit
"to arrange, assign, order," is translated "set (under authority)" in Luke 7:8 . In 1—Corinthians 16:15 , RV, "have set (themselves)," AV, "addicted." See Appoint , No. 5.
"to arrange in order, draw up in order" (ana, "up," and the Middle Voice of No. 10), occurs in Luke 1:1 , AV, "to set forth in order," RV, "to draw up." See Draw , No. 9.
"to sink into," is used of the "setting" of the sun, Mark 1:32 , "did set;" Luke 4:40 , "was setting." The sun, moon and stars were conceived of as sinking into the sea when they set.
236), "to reconcile" (sun, "together," allasso, "to change or exchange"), is translated "he ... would have set (them at one, lit., 'into peace') again" in Acts 7:26 (the imperfect tense being conative, expressing an attempt); some mss. have sunelauno, "to drive together, force together."
"to declare, proclaim," is translated "set forth" in Acts 16:21 , RV (AV, "teach"); "set I forth" in Acts 17:23 , RV (AV, "declare I"). See Declare , No. 4.
"to hold in," has a secondary significance of "setting oneself against a person," "being urgent against," Mark 6:19; Luke 11:53 (RV, marg.). See Entangle , No. 3, Quarrel, Urge
lit., "to send forward" (pro, "forward," pempo, "to send"), is translated "set forward" in Titus 3:13 , RV (AV, "bring") and in 3—John 1:6 , RV (AV, "bring forward"), of practical assistance to servants of God in their journeys. See Accompany , No. 4.
"to show forth, declare," is translated "set forth" in 1—Corinthians 4:9 , here, a technical term, used for exhibiting gladiators in an arena, "last of all" referring to the grand finale, to make the most thrilling sport for the spectators (cp. 1—Corinthians 15:32 ); prophets and others had preceded the apostles in the spectacle; in 2—Thessalonians 2:4 it is used of the man of sin, who will "set (himself) forth (as God)," AV, "showing." Elsewhere Acts 2:22; 25:7 . See Approve , Prove. The word is frequently used in the papyri of the proclamation of the accession of a king or the appointment of an official. Cp. apodeixis, "demonstration," 1—Corinthians 2:4 .
"to place upon," is used of causing persons to mount animals for riding, Luke 10:34; 19:35; Acts 23:24 .
"to fix, establish," is rendered "He steadfastly set (His face)" in Luke 9:51 . See Establish , No. 1.
"to set straight, set up" (ana, "up," orthos, "straight"), is used in Acts 15:16 in God's promise to "set" up the fallen tabernacle (skene, "tent") of David. The word is used in the papyri of rearing buildings again. See Lift , No. 6, Straight
"to lie, to be laid" (used as the Passive Voice of tithemi, No. 3), is translated "to be set," e.g., in Matthew 5:14 (of a city); Luke 2:34 (of Christ); John 2:6 (of waterpots); 19:29 (of vessel of vinegar); Philippians 1:16 , RV ( Philippians 1:17 , AV) (of the Apostle Paul); Revelation 4:2 (of the throne in heaven). See Appoint , Lay , Lie.
"to be laid up" (ana "up"), "to recline at a meal," is so used in John 6:11 , "(to them) that were set down." See Lean , Lie , Note (1) SIT, No. 3.
signifies (a) "to be set before" (pro, "before," and No. 21), and is so rendered in Hebrews 6:18 of the hope of the believer; Hebrews 12:1 , of the Christian race; Hebrews 12:2 , of the joy "set" before Christ in the days of His flesh and at His death; (b) "to be set forth," said of Sodom and Gomorrah, in Jude 1:7 . It is used elsewhere in 2—Corinthians 8:12 , for which see First , D, Note (2).
"to write before," is translated "were set forth (unto this condemnation)" in Jude 1:4 , RV (AV, "ordained"); the evil teachers were "designated of old for this judgment" (cp. 2—Peter 2:3 ). For the meaning of this verb in Galatians 3:1 , RV, "openly set forth," see Openly , No. 2, Note. See Write.
an adjective (from tasso, A, No. 10), "ordered, fixed, set," is said of an appointed day, in Acts 12:21 . In the Sept., Job 12:5 .
Liberty. Acts 21:2Launch. Luke 22:55Sit Acts 7:5Foot Acts 13:9Fasten Matthew 27:19Sit John 13:12Recline. Matthew 27:66
Webster's Dictionary [2]
(1): ( v. t.) To extend and bring into position; to spread; as, to set the sails of a ship.
(2): ( imp. & p. p.) of Set
(3): ( n.) Camber of a curved roofing tile.
(4): ( v. t.) To cause to sit; to make to assume a specified position or attitude; to give site or place to; to place; to put; to fix; as, to set a house on a stone foundation; to set a book on a shelf; to set a dish on a table; to set a chest or trunk on its bottom or on end.
(5): ( v. t.) Hence, to attach or affix (something) to something else, or in or upon a certain place.
(6): ( v. t.) To make to assume specified place, condition, or occupation; to put in a certain condition or state (described by the accompanying words); to cause to be.
(7): ( v. t.) To fix firmly; to make fast, permanent, or stable; to render motionless; to give an unchanging place, form, or condition to.
(8): ( v. t.) To cause to stop or stick; to obstruct; to fasten to a spot; hence, to occasion difficulty to; to embarrass; as, to set a coach in the mud.
(9): ( v. t.) To fix beforehand; to determine; hence, to make unyielding or obstinate; to render stiff, unpliant, or rigid; as, to set one's countenance.
(10): ( v. t.) To fix in the ground, as a post or a tree; to plant; as, to set pear trees in an orchard.
(11): ( v. t.) To fix, as a precious stone, in a border of metal; to place in a setting; hence, to place in or amid something which serves as a setting; as, to set glass in a sash.
(12): ( v. t.) To render stiff or solid; especially, to convert into curd; to curdle; as, to set milk for cheese.
(13): ( v. t.) To put into a desired position or condition; to adjust; to regulate; to adapt.
(14): ( v. t.) To put in order in a particular manner; to prepare; as, to set (that is, to hone) a razor; to set a saw.
(15): ( n.) A stone, commonly of granite, shaped like a short brick and usually somewhat larger than one, used for street paving. Commonly written sett.
(16): ( v. t.) To give a pitch to, as a tune; to start by fixing the keynote; as, to set a psalm.
(17): ( v. t.) To reduce from a dislocated or fractured state; to replace; as, to set a broken bone.
(18): ( v. t.) To make to agree with some standard; as, to set a watch or a clock.
(19): ( v. t.) To lower into place and fix solidly, as the blocks of cut stone in a structure.
(20): ( v. t.) To stake at play; to wager; to risk.
(21): ( v. t.) To fit with music; to adapt, as words to notes; to prepare for singing.
(22): ( v. t.) To determine; to appoint; to assign; to fix; as, to set a time for a meeting; to set a price on a horse.
(23): ( v. t.) To adorn with something infixed or affixed; to stud; to variegate with objects placed here and there.
(24): ( v. t.) To value; to rate; - with at.
(25): ( v. t.) To point out the seat or position of, as birds, or other game; - said of hunting dogs.
(26): ( v. t.) To establish as a rule; to furnish; to prescribe; to assign; as, to set an example; to set lessons to be learned.
(27): ( v. t.) To suit; to become; as, it sets him ill.
(28): ( v. t.) To compose; to arrange in words, lines, etc.; as, to set type; to set a page.
(29): ( v. i.) To pass below the horizon; to go down; to decline; to sink out of sight; to come to an end.
(30): ( v. i.) To fit music to words.
(31): ( v. i.) To place plants or shoots in the ground; to plant.
(32): ( v. i.) To be fixed for growth; to strike root; to begin to germinate or form; as, cuttings set well; the fruit has set well (i. e., not blasted in the blossom).
(33): ( v. i.) To become fixed or rigid; to be fastened.
(34): ( v. i.) To congeal; to concrete; to solidify.
(35): ( v. i.) To have a certain direction in motion; to flow; to move on; to tend; as, the current sets to the north; the tide sets to the windward.
(36): ( v. i.) To begin to move; to go out or forth; to start; - now followed by out.
(37): ( v. i.) To indicate the position of game; - said of a dog; as, the dog sets well; also, to hunt game by the aid of a setter.
(38): ( v. i.) To apply one's self; to undertake earnestly; - now followed by out.
(39): ( v. i.) To fit or suit one; to sit; as, the coat sets well.
(40): ( a.) Fixed in position; immovable; rigid; as, a set line; a set countenance.
(41): ( a.) Firm; unchanging; obstinate; as, set opinions or prejudices.
(42): ( a.) Regular; uniform; formal; as, a set discourse; a set battle.
(43): ( a.) Established; prescribed; as, set forms of prayer.
(44): ( a.) Adjusted; arranged; formed; adapted.
(45): ( n.) The act of setting, as of the sun or other heavenly body; descent; hence, the close; termination.
(46): ( n.) That which is set, placed, or fixed.
(47): ( n.) A young plant for growth; as, a set of white thorn.
(48): ( n.) That which is staked; a wager; a venture; a stake; hence, a game at venture.
(49): ( n.) Permanent change of figure in consequence of excessive strain, as from compression, tension, bending, twisting, etc.; as, the set of a spring.
(50): ( n.) A kind of punch used for bending, indenting, or giving shape to, metal; as, a saw set.
(51): ( n.) A piece placed temporarily upon the head of a pile when the latter cannot be reached by the weight, or hammer, except by means of such an intervening piece.
(52): ( n.) A short steel spike used for driving the head of a nail below the surface.
(53): ( n.) A number of things of the same kind, ordinarily used or classed together; a collection of articles which naturally complement each other, and usually go together; an assortment; a suit; as, a set of chairs, of china, of surgical or mathematical instruments, of books, etc.
(54): ( n.) A number of persons associated by custom, office, common opinion, quality, or the like; a division; a group; a clique.
(55): ( n.) Direction or course; as, the set of the wind, or of a current.
(56): ( n.) In dancing, the number of persons necessary to execute a quadrille; also, the series of figures or movements executed.
(57): ( n.) The deflection of a tooth, or of the teeth, of a saw, which causes the the saw to cut a kerf, or make an opening, wider than the blade.
(58): ( n.) A young oyster when first attached.
(59): ( n.) Collectively, the crop of young oysters in any locality.
(60): ( n.) A series of as many games as may be necessary to enable one side to win six. If at the end of the tenth game the score is a tie, the set is usually called a deuce set, and decided by an application of the rules for playing off deuce in a game. See Deuce.
(61): ( n.) That dimension of the body of a type called by printers the width.
(62): ( n.) Any of various standards of measurement of the fineness of cloth; specif., the number of reeds in one inch and the number of threads in each reed. The exact meaning varies according to the location where it is used. Sometimes written sett.
(63): ( n.) The manner, state, or quality of setting or fitting; fit; as, the set of a coat.
King James Dictionary [3]
SET, pret. pp. set. L. sedo to compose, as a book, to dispose or put in order, to establish, found or institute, to possess, to cease L. sedo, sedeo and sido, coinciding with sit, but all of one family. From the Norman orthography of this word, we have assess, assise. See Assess. Heb. Ch. to set, to place.
1. To put or place to fix or cause to rest in a standing posture. We set a house on a wass of stone we set a book on a shelf. In this use, set differs from lay we set a thing on its end or basis we lay it on its side. 2. To put or place in its proper or natural posture. We set a chest or trunk on its bottom, not its end we set a bedstead or a table on its feet or laeg. 3. To put, place or fix in any situation. God set the sun, moon and stars in the firmament.
I do set my bow in the cloud. Genesis 9 .
4. To put into any condition or state.
The Lord the God will set thee on high. Duet. 28.
I am come to set a man at variance against his father. Matthew 10 .
So we say, to set in order, to set at ease, to set to work, or at work.
5. To put to fix to attach to.
The Lord set a mark upon Cain. Genesis 4 .
So we say, to set a label on a vial or a bale.
6. To fix to render motionless as, the eyes are set, the jaws are set. 7. To put or fix, as a price. We set a price on a house, farm or horse. 8. To fix to state by some rule.
The gentleman spoke with a set gesture and countenance. Carew.
The town of Berne has handsome fountains planted and set distances from one end of the street to the other. Addison.
9. To regulate or adjust as, to set a timepiece by the sun.
He sets judgement by his passion. Prior.
10. To fit to music to adapt with notes as, to set the words of a psalm to music.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible [4]
SET . ‘Set at’ is valued at , as 2 Kings 12:4 ‘The money that every man is set at.’ ‘Set at nought’ means treat with contempt , as Luke 23:11 ‘Herod with his men of war set him at nought.’ ‘Set by’ is to value, esteem , as 1 Samuel 18:30 ‘His name was much set by.’ ‘Set to’ means to affix , as John 3:33 ‘He that hath received his testimony hath set to his seal that God is true.’
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [5]
Few words in the English language have such a rich variety of meaning and are used in so rich a variety of idiomatic expression as the word "set." A glance at any of the great dictionaries will convince anyone of the truth of this statement. The Standard Dictionary devotes three and a half columns to the word. In its primary meaning it there denotes 22 distinct things, in its secondary meaning 17 more, while 18 distinct phrases are given in which it is used, in some cases again in a variety of meanings. It is indeed a word calculated to drive a foreigner to despair. Some 70 Hebrew and about 30 Greek words in the original tongues of the Holy Scriptures have been rendered by the word "set," in the King James Version and also in the Revised Version (British and American). A careful comparative study of the original and of translations in other tongues will at once indicate that a lack of discrimination is evident on the part of the English translators in the frequent use of the word "set."
Thus in Song of Solomon 5:14 , "hands are as rings of gold set with beryl," the Hebrew word is מלא , mālē' , "to be filled," "full." Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) translates plenae , the Dutch gevuld , the German voll ; Proverbs 8:27 , "when he set a circle," Hebrew חקק , ḥāḳaḳ , "to describe," "decree," Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) vallabat , Dutch beschreef ; Ezra 4:10 , "set in the city of Samaria," Aramaic יתב , yethibh , "to cause to sit down," "to cause to dwell," Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) habitare eas fecit , Dutch doen wonen ; Psalm 2:6 , "Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill," Hebrew נסך , nāṣakh , "to pour out," "to anoint," Dutch gezalfd ; Isaiah 19:2 , the King James Version "I will set the Egyptians against the Egyptians," Hebrew סכך , ṣākhakh , "to disturb," "to confuse," Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) concurrere faciam ,, Dutch verwarren , German an einander setzen ; Revelation 3:8 , "I have, set before thee a door," Greek δίδωμι , dı́dōmi , "to give," Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) dedi coram te , Dutch gegeven , German gegeben ; Acts 19:27 , the King James Version "Our craft is in danger to be set at nought," Greek ἔρχομαι , érchomai , "to come," Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) periclitabitur , Dutch in verachting komen ; Luke 4:18 , "to set at liberty them," Greek ἀποστέλλω , apostéllō , "to send away," Dutch heen te zenden in vrijheid ; Acts 13:9 , the King James Version "Saul ... set his eyes on him," Greek ἀτενίζω , atenı́zō , "to stare fixedly," Vulgate: intuens in eum , Dutch de oogen op hem houdende . These are but a few examples chosen at random where our English translators have rendered Hebrew and Greek words by "set," where a more literal translation, in equally good idiomatic language, was possible. The word "set" is the causative of "sit," and indicates primarily a power of self-support, in opposition to the idea of the word "lay."
(1) In its primary meaning the word "set" is used in our English Bible in many senses: ( a ) Foundation: Song of Solomon 5:15 , "His legs are as pillars of marble set upon." ( b ) Direction: Ezekiel 21:16 , "whithersoever thy face is set." ( c ) Appointed time: Acts 12:21 , "upon a set day." ( d ) Fixed place: 2 Chronicles 20:17 , "Set yourselves, stand ye still, and see"; 2 Samuel 6:17; Matthew 4:5 . ( e ) Cause to sit: 1 Samuel 2:8 , the King James Version "to set them among princes"; 2 Chronicles 23:20; Psalm 68:6 . ( f ) Appointment: Ezra 7:25 , the King James Version "set magistrates and judges"; Genesis 41:41; 1 Samuel 12:13; Psalm 2:6; Daniel 1:11 . ( g ) To lift up: Genesis 31:17 , "set his sons and his wives upon." ( h ) Appointed place: Genesis 1:17 , "God set them in the firmament." ( i ) Cause to stand: Genesis 47:7 , "Joseph brought in Jacob ... and set him before Pharaoh"; Numbers 8:13; 2 Chronicles 29:25 . ( j ) Sitting: Matthew 5:1 , the King James Version "when he was set"; Hebrews 8:1 the King James Version. ( k ) Location: Matthew 5:14 , "a city set on a hill." These by no means exhaust the meaning which the word, in its primary sense, has in our English Bible.
(2) In a secondary or tropical sense it is used with equal frequency, usually with various prepositions. Thus, ( a ) To attack: Judges 9:33 , the King James Version "and set upon the city." ( b ) To imprint: Genesis 4:15 , the King James Version "The Lord set a mark upon Cain." ( c ) To direct to: 1 Kings 2:15 , "And that all Israel set their faces on me." ( d ) To place: 1 Kings 20:12 , Ben-hadad shouted one word to his allies: "Set," i.e. set the armies in array, the battering-rams and engines of attack in their place. ( e ) To incline toward: Ezekiel 40:4 , "Set thy heart upon all that I shall show." ( f ) To trust in: Psalm 62:10 , "If riches increase, set not your heart thereon." ( g ) To place before: Psalm 90:8 , "Thou hast set our iniquities before"; Psalm 141:3 , "Set a watch, [[O Y]] ahweh, before my mouth." ( h ) To go down: of the setting of the sun ( Mark 1:32; Luke 4:40 ). ( i ) To be proud: Malachi 3:15 , the King James Version "They that work wickedness are set up." ( j ) To fill in: Exodus 35:9 , "stones to be set, for the ephod." ( k ) To plant: Mark 12:1 , "set a hedge about it." ( l ) To mock: Luke 23:11 , "Herod ... set him at nought." ( m ) To honor: 1 Samuel 18:30 , "so that his name was much set by." ( n ) To start: Acts 21:2 , "We went aboard, and set sail." As may be seen the word is used in an endless variety of meanings.
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature [6]
(or Sutekh), an ass-headed deity, the national god of the Shemitic Hyksos, who, on their invasion of Egypt in the interval between the thirteenth and eighteenth dynasties, forced his sole worship upon the Egyptians. Set was already one of the cosmical deities of the country, but after the expulsion of the Hyksos his worship was annulled, his statues defaced, and his name everywhere erased. He was represented as an ass-headed man, holding the usual crux ansata, or staff of life, and the cucufa, staff of divine power. The Egyptians were accustomed to regard Set as a personification of the evil principle. "The worship of this god passed through two historical phases. At one time he was held in honor, and accounted as one of the greater gods of Abydos. He appears to have had a position analogous to that of the Theban deity Mentu, in which he was the adversary of the serpent Apophis, the symbol of wickedness and darkness. Some time later on, in consequence of political changes, the worship of Set was abolished, and his statues were destroyed. It is difficult to state at what period Set was introduced into the Osirian myths as a personification of evil, and thus became identified with Typhon as the murderer of the great Egyptian god Osiris. The treatise (by Plutarch), De Iside et Osiride, makes Nephthys the companion of Set, and she is represented united with him in a group in the Museum of the Louvre, in the Hall of the Gods. The animal symbolical of Set was a carnivorous quadruped, at one time confounded with the ass-god of Josephus and Apion, having a long, curved snout and upright, square- topped ears, which characters are often exaggerated to distinguish him from the jackal of Anubis" (Pierret). After the second restoration of the old mythology, in the period of the nineteenth dynasty, Set was identified with the Hyksos Sutekh, who was properly an Asiatic deity, and whose worship was maintained even by Seti I and Rameses II. Both gods, however, were treated as impious, and their worship as heretical, and it is at the present time impossible to distinguish exactly between them, owing to the complete destruction by the Egyptians of all those parts of the monuments whereon their names occur.
