Mount Gerizim
Morrish Bible Dictionary [1]
The mountain in Samaria on which the blessings on Israel were pronounced, in contrast to the curses given on mount Ebal. Deuteronomy 11:29; Deuteronomy 27:12; Joshua 8:33; Judges 9:7 . History records that after the rebuilding of the temple in the time of Ezra a Samaritan temple was built on this mountain, where they had priests and sacrifices, which was the cause of great animosity between the Jews and the Samaritans. Though this temple was destroyed by Hyrcanus, the Samaritans clung to the mountain as the right place of worship, as the woman of Samaria said to the Lord. John 4:20 . The Samaritans still eat the Passover lamb on the mountain. A church was also built there; but now there are only ruins. The mount is called Jebel et Tor , 32 12' N, 35 16' E . Its highest point is 2,849 feet above the sea.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [2]
ger´i - zim , gē̇ - rı̄´zim ( הר גּרזּים , har gerizzı̄m ):
1. Scriptural References
Named in the directions for the reading of the law ( Deuteronomy 11:29 ), and in the account of that great ceremony ( Deuteronomy 27:12; Joshua 8:33 f). Mts. Ebal and Gerizim stood over against each other, and on their sides the peoples were placed, half upon one and half upon the other, while in the vale which separates the mountains stood the ark, with the Levites. Those who stood on Gerizim responded to the blessings, those on Mt. Ebal to the cursings, as these were spoken "with a loud voice" by the Levites. From a spur of Mt. Gerizim Jotham spoke his taunting parable to the men of Shechem ( Judges 9:7 ). The name appears no more in canonical Scripture. In consequence of the dispute which arose over the marriage of Manasseh, who belonged to the high-priestly family, with a daughter of Sanballat the Horonite ( Nehemiah 13:28 ), a temple was built on Gerizim as a rival to that in Jerusalem (circa 432 bc). This was the beginning of the schism which lasts to the present day ( Ant. , XI, viii, 2, 4). See Samaritans . The temple was destroyed by John Hyrcanus circa 110 bc ( Ant. , Xiii , ix, 1; BJ , I, ii, 6).
2. Description
Mt. Gerizim, the modern Jebel et - Ṭūr , stands on the South, Mt. Ebal on the North, of the narrow pass which cuts through the mountain range, opening a way from the sea to the Jordan. In the throat of this pass to the West, on the South of the vale, and close to the foot of Gerizim, lies the town of Nablūs , the ancient Shechem. Here copious fountains rise, filling the valley with beauty and fruitfulness. The sides of the mountain are steep and rocky on East and North; on the West the ascent is more gradual, and here, by means of a system of terraces carried almost to the summit, it is cultivated with great care and success. Its height Isaiah 2,849 ft. above the level of the sea, 228 ft. lower than its northern companion.
3. Samaritan Traditions
Abraham came through the pass and camped near Gerizim at the oak of Moreh ( Genesis 12:6 ). According to Samaritan tradition it was on this mountain that he prepared to sacrifice Isaac, and at Salem, not far distant, he met Melchizedek ( Genesis 14:17 ). The scene of Jacob's dream is placed at Khirbet Lauzeh on the summit ( Genesis 28:11 f). In a little hollow West of the ridge, the Samaritans annually celebrate the Passover in accordance with the directions of the Pentateuch. This is done in the open air, their temple having long since disappeared.
4. Antiquities
The most important remains on the mountain today are those of Justinian's fortress, built in 533 ad, to protect the church which had been erected in 475 ad. Near the center of the plateau is a bare piece of rock, on which, tradition says, the altar stood in the Samaritan temple. A cup-like hollow in it may have been used for libations. In the western wall of el - Ḳal‛ah , Justinian's castle, there are 12 stones under which, it is said, are the stones which Israel took from the bed of the Jordan ( Joshua 4:20 ).
Gerizim was certainly "this mountain" pointed to by the woman of Samaria in her conversation with Jesus ( John 4:20 f); the cliffs of the mountain almost overhanging the Well of Jacob.
For the reason why Gerizim was chosen for the blessing and Ebal for the cursing we are left to conjecture. The directions were fixed by one looking to the East, not, as with us, looking to the North. For one standing in the valley, therefore, Gerizim was on the right hand, "the side of good fortune" (Driver, Deuteronomy on Deuteronomy 11:28 ).
Onomasticon places Ebal and Gerizim much nearer the Jordan valley. This was doubtless to meet the difficulty raised by the long distance from Ai to Shechem. But their nearness to the "oaks of Moreh" ( Deuteronomy 11:30 ) points to this locality, and this is confirmed by Josephus, who speaks of Shechem, the metropolis of the Samaritans, as "a city situated at Mt. Gerizim" ( Ant. , XI, viii, 6).
Andronicus, appointed governor of Gerizim by Antiochus Epiphanes, is mentioned in 2 Maccabees 5:23 (the King James Version "Garizim").
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature [3]
Bibliography Information McClintock, John. Strong, James. Entry for 'Gerizim, Mount'. Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/tce/g/gerizim-mount.html. Harper & Brothers. New York. 1870.
