Look
Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words [1]
primarily, "to have sight, to see," then, "observe, discern, perceive," frequently implying special contemplation (cp. No. 4), is rendered by the verb "to look" in Luke 9:62 , "looking (back);" John 13:22 "(the disciples) looked (one on another);" Acts 1:9 , RV, "were looking" (AV, "beheld"); Acts 3:4 , "look (on us);" Acts 27:12 , RV, looking," AV, "that lieth (towards)," of the haven Phenix; Ephesians 5:15 , RV, "look (therefore carefully how ye walk)," AV, "see (that ye walk circumspectly);" Revelation 11:9; 18:9 , Rv , "look upon" (AV, "shall see"). See Behold.
denotes (a) "to look up" (ana, "up," and No. 1), e.g., Matthew 14:19; Mark 8:24 (in some mss. ver. 25); (b) "to recover sight," e.g., Matthew 11:5; 20:34 , RV, "received their sight;" John 9:11 . See Sight. Cp. anablepsis, "recovering of sight," Luke 4:18 .
"to look about, or round about, on" (peri, "around," and No. 1), is used in the Middle Voice, Mark 3:5,34; 5:32; 9:8; 10:23; 11:11; Luke 6:10 .
signifies "to look away from" (apo) all else at one object; hence, "to look steadfastly," Hebrews 11:26 , RV, "he looked" (AV, "he had respect"). Cp. No. 8.
to look at (en, in, and No. 1), is translated "to look upon" in Mark 10:27; 14:67; Luke 22:61; John 1:36 . This verb implies a close, penetrating "look," as distinguished from Nos. 6 and 9. See Behold , No. 3, Gaze, See No. 6.
"to look upon" (epi, "upon"), is used in the NT of favorable regard, Luke 1:48 , RV, "he hath looked upon" (AV, "hath regarded"), of the low estate of the Virgin Mary; in Luke 9:38 , in a request to the Lord to "look" upon an afflicted son; in James 2:3 , RV, "ye have regard" (AV, "... respect"), of having a partial regard for the well-to-do. See Regard , Respect.
used as the aorist tense of horao, "to see," in various senses, is translated "to look," in the AV of John 7:52 , RV, "see;" Revelation 4:1 (Rv, "I saw"); so in Revelation 6:8; 14:1,14 (as in AV of ver. 6); 15:5. See Behold , Consider , Heed , No. 2, Perceive, See, Shew
"to look away from one thing so as to see another" (apo, "from," and No. 7), "to concentrate the gaze upon," occurs in Philippians 2:23 , "I shall see;" Hebrews 12:2 , "looking."
denotes "to look upon" (epi, "upon"), (a) favorably, Luke 1:25; (b) unfavorably, in Acts 4:29 .
lit. and primarily, "to stoop sideways" para, "aside," kupto, "to bend forward"), denotes "to stoop to look into," Luke 24:12 , "stooping and looking in" (AV, "stooping down"); John 20:5,11; metaphorically in James 1:25 , of "looking" into the perfect law of liberty; in 1—Peter 1:12 of things which the angels desire "to look" into.
"to lift oneself up" (ana, "up"), is translated "look up" in Luke 21:28 , of being elated in joyous expectation (followed by epairo, "to lift up"). See Lift.
"to look at, consider" (Eng., "scope"), implying mental consideration, is rendered "while we look ... at" in 2—Corinthians 4:18; "looking to" (AV, "on") in Philippians 2:4 . See Heed , Mark.
lit., "to look upon" (epi, and No. 12), is rendered "looking carefully" in Hebrews 12:15 , RV (AV, "looking diligently"), epi being probably intensive here; in 1—Peter 5:2 , "to exercise the oversight, to visit, care for." See Oversight.
a later form of No. 13, "to visit," has the meaning of "seeking out," and is rendered "look ye out" in Acts 6:3 . See Visit.
"to look fixedly, gaze," is translated "looking steadfastly" in Luke 22:56 , RV (AV, "... earnestly"), in Acts 1:10 , "looking steadfastly;" in Acts 3:12 , AV, "look ... earnestly" (RV, "fasten ye your eyes," as in Acts 3:4; 11:6 ); so in the RV of Acts 6:15; 10:4; 13:9; 14:9; in Acts 7:55 , "looked up steadfastly;" in Acts 23:1 , "looking steadfastly on" (AV, "earnestly beholding"); in 2Cor, 3:7, RV, "look steadfastly" (AV, "steadfastly behold"); in 2—Corinthians 3:13 , RV, ditto (AV, "steadfastly look"). In Luke 4:20 , "were fastened" (ophthalmoi, "eyes," being used separately). See Behold , No. 10.
"to behold" (of careful contemplation), is translated "look" in John 4:35 , of "looking" on the fields; in 1—John 1:1 , AV (RV, "we beheld"), of the Apostles' personal experiences of Christ in the days of His flesh, and the facts of His Godhood and Manhood. See Behold , No. 8.
"to look at, gaze at, behold," is translated "looking on" in Mark 15:40 , AV (RV, "beholding"). See Behold , No. 6.
akin to A, No. 7, denotes (a) a vision (so the associated noun horama, e.g., Acts 7:31; horasis signifies especially the act of seeing, horama that which is seen), Acts 2:17; Revelation 9:17; (b) an appearance, Revelation 4:3 , translated "to look upon" (twice in the RV; In the second instance the AV has "in sight").
Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament [2]
Look (Christ’S ) —The Gospels give no direct information as to the look of our Lord, if the word ‘look’ he regarded as a synonym for His outward appearance. The first natural request of a child—‘You are going to tell me about Jesus, then tell me what He was like’—puts a question the Evangelists do not even begin to answer; and in a tale generally so frank and childlike this fact is not without significance. No description of Jesus’ ‘face’ is ever given in the Gospels, except when, in the story of the Transfiguration, it is said that the fashion of His face was altered (ἐγένετο τὸ εἶδος τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ ἔτερον, Luke 9:29). Even then, it is stated to have become like the sun ( Matthew 17:2); and, as it happens, the figure is of something which, though it lights the world, is not in itself directly to be gazed upon (cf. Revelation 1:16). While it may be possible, therefore, to deduce from the Epistles a message figuratively termed ‘the Gospel of the Face’ (see Bushnell, Sermons on Living Subjects , 73 ff.), the Evangelists afford no opportunity of making this study of Christ ‘after the flesh.’ See art. Christ in Art.
It is further to be observed, in the same connexion, that even the more vivid words for looking, as a synonym for ‘seeing,’ ‘beholding,’ are never used of Christ so as to draw attention to the manner of His look. Such a word, e.g. , as ἀτενίζω, ‘to gaze fixedly’ (employed to describe a congregation gazing at Jesus, Luke 4:20; the maid staring at St. Peter, Luke 22:56; St. Paul flashing an indignant look at Elymas the sorcerer, Acts 13:9), is never associated with our Lord. Even διαβλέπω, a milder though still pietorial word, is not connected with Him. It is as though every mental image of Christ’s outward appearance were designedly excluded. We must be content, therefore, to study Christ’s look in the more objective sense in which it expresses simply the act of vision. Here we may roughly divide the references into four classes.
1. The look of Christ is sometimes disclosed as an upward look, expressing dependence on the Father. This uplifted glance is recorded on four occasions—during the miracle of the feeding of the 5000, while giving thanks and blessing the loaves ( Matthew 14:19); in the healing of a man deaf and dumb, when Christ looked up to heaven and sighed ( Mark 7:34 [in both passages ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν]); in the raising of Lazarus ( John 11:41 ἦρεν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοῦς ἄνω); and during the great High-Priestly prayer ( John 17:1 ἐπάρας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν). In all these instances the action and gesture must have imprinted themselves very deeply on the memory of the disciples. They were an outward sign of a lifelong inward attitude. They evidenced the direction of the appeal which Christ made in His human nature to God. Of Him the words are preeminently true, ‘Mine eyes are ever toward the Lord’ ( Psalms 25:15).
2. The look of Christ is often disclosed as an outward look of calm clear-eyed discernment on the world around Him. ‘He beheld (ἐθεώρει) how the people cast money into the treasury’ ( Mark 12:41)—appreciating not only the matter of their gift, but the manner of it. He ‘entered into the temple, and looked round about upon all things’ ( Mark 11:11 περιβλεψάμενος πάντα); and it appeared on the following day how piercing and comprehensive His glance had been ( Mark 11:15 ff.). ‘He looked up’ (ἀναβλέψας) and saw Zacchaeus in his post in the tree ( Luke 19:5). When the scribes brought Him a crafty question, ‘He perceived (κατανοήσας) their craftiness’ ( Luke 20:23)—‘saw at a glance,’ the word might be rendered. If there were space to offer a complete list of those things which Jesus is said in the Gospels to have beheld or seen, the impression would at least be strong that those calm eyes missed nothing. Retaining God continually in the field of vision, Jesus’ sight was not thereby dimmed, but only purged and purified for all other exercise. On one occasion His disciples were permitted to share a deeper gaze into the world behind the veil—‘And He said unto them, I beheld (ἐθεώρουν) Satan as lightning fall from heaven’ ( Luke 10:18).
3. A special look of Christ is recorded as directed to a man or an audience during the utterance of some statement or address . The simplest record of this is when it is said that He ‘looked round’ before speaking ( Mark 3:34; Mark 10:23 περιβλεψάμενος); or that ‘he beheld (ἐμβλέψας) them and said’ ( Matthew 19:26); or when more fully St. Luke states in reporting the Sermon on the Mount, ‘And he lifted up his eyes (ἐπάρας τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς) on his disciples, and said’ ( Luke 6:20). This is the look of the sower scrutinizing the field. It is a look adding personality to the word spoken. It is a silent ‘Verily, verily, I say unto you.’ More individual instances of this look are when Jesus ‘beheld’ (ἐμβλέψας) Peter, and said, ‘Thou art Simon … thou shalt be called Cephas’ ( John 1:42)—a look sealing the new name upon Peter’s heart; or when He ‘beheld’ (ἐμβλέψας) the chief priests and scribes, ‘and said, What is this then that is written?’ ( Luke 20:17)—a grave look of reproach, ‘to add solemnity to His reference to their own Scriptures.’ Christ and His words can never be separated. He is Himself the Word made flesh—the greatest utterance in the greatest Person; and the language of the Apostles is ‘what we have seen and heard declare we unto you’ ( 1 John 1:3).
4. A few passages form a group by themselves, wherein strong feeling is expressed or implied as accompanying some look of Christ. The most notable instance of this is when ‘the Lord turned and looked upon (ἐνέβλεψεν) Peter’ ( Luke 22:61), ‘No word, no gesture of reproach’; but
‘Oh to render plain,
By help of having loved a little and mourned,
That look of sovran love and sovran pain’
(Mrs. Browning, Sonnets ).
Akin to this is the look directed by Jesus upon the young ruler, ‘And Jesus beholding (ἐμβλέψας) him loved him’ ( Mark 10:21); or the look of the King upon Jerusalem, on ‘what should have been the City’s bridal day,’ ‘He beheld (ἰδών) the city, and wept over it’ ( Luke 19:41). As a last instance, though expressing a very different emotion, we may adduce Mark 3:5 ‘He looked round about on them (περιβλεψάμενος αὐτούς) with anger, being grieved for the hardness of their hearts.’ Of Christ, too, might the words have been written, He
‘loved well because he hated,
Hated wickedness that hinders loving’ (Browning).
R. Stevenson.
King James Dictionary [3]
LOOK, See Light. The primary sense is to stretch, to extend, to shoot, hence to direct the eye. We observe its primary sense is nearly the same as that of seek. Hence, to look for is to seek.
1. To direct the eye towards an object, with the intention of seeing it.
When the object is within sight, look is usually followed by on or at. We look on or at a picture we look on or at the moon we cannot look on or at the unclouded sun, without pain.
At, after look, is not used in our version of the Scriptures. In common usage, at or on is now used indifferently in many cases, and yet in other cases, usage has established a preference. In general, on is used in the more solemn forms of expression. Moses was afraid to look on God. The Lord look on you and judge. In these and similar phrases, the use of at would be condemned, as expressing too little solemnity.
In some cases, at seems to be more properly used before very distant objects but the cases can hardly be defined.
The particular direction of the eye is expressed by various modifying words as, to look down, to look up, to look back to look forward, to look from, to look round, to look out, to look under. When the object is not in sight, look is followed by after, or for. Hence, to look after, or look for, is equivalent to seek or search, or to expect.
2. To see to have the sight or view of.
Fate sees thy life lodged in a brittle glass, and looks it through, but to it cannot pass.
3. To direct the intellectual eye to apply the mind or understanding to consider to examine. Look at the conduct of this man view it in all its aspects. Let every man look into the state of his own heart. Let us look beyond the received notions of men on this subject. 4. To expect.
He must look to fight another battle, before he could reach Oxford. Little used.
5. To take care to watch.
Look that ye bind them fast.
6. To be directed.
Let thine eyes look right on. Proverbs 4 .
7. To seem to appear to have a particular appearance. The patient looks better than he did. The clouds look rainy.
I am afraid it would look more like vanity than gratitude.
Observe how such a practice looks in another person.
So we say, to look stout or big to look peevish to look pleasant or graceful.
8. To have a particular direction or situation to face to front.
The gate that looketh toward the north. Ezekiel 8 .
The east gate of the Lord's house, that looketh eastward. Ezekiel 11 .
To look about, to look on all sides, or in different directions.
To look about one, to be on the watch to be vigilant to be circumspect or guarded.
1. To look after, to attend to take care of as, to look after children. 2. To expect to be in a state of expectation.
Men's hearts falling them for fear, and for looking after those things which are coming on the earth. Luke 21 .
3. To seek to search.
My subject does not oblige me to look after the water, or point forth the place whereunto it has now retreated.
1. To look for, to expect as, to look for news by the arrival of a ship.
Look now for no enchanting voice.
2. To seek to search as, to look for lost money, or lost cattle.
To look into, to inspect closely to observe narrowly to examine as, to look into the works of nature to look into the conduct of another to look into one's affairs.
Which things the angels desire to look into. 1 Peter 1 .
1. To look on, to regard to esteem.
Her friends would look on her the worse.
2. To consider to view to conceive of to think.
I looked on Virgil as a succinct, majestic writer.
3. To be a mere spectator.
I'll be a candle-holder and look on.
To look over, to examine one by one as, to look over a catalogue of books to look over accounts.
To overlook, has a different sense, to pass over without seeing.
To look out, to be on the watch. The seaman looks out for breakers.
1. To look to, or unto, to watch to take care of.
Look well to thy herds. Proverbs 27 .
2. To resort to with confidence or expectation of receiving something to expect to receive from. The creditor may look to the surety for payment.
Look to me and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth. Isaiah 45 .
To look through, to penetrate with the eye, or with the understanding to see or understand perfectly.
LOOK,
1. To seek to search for.
Looking my love, I go from place to place. Obs.
2. To influence by looks or presence as, to look down opposition.
A spirit fit to start into an empire, and look the world to law.
To look out, to search for and discover. Look out associates of good reputation.
To look one another in the face, to meet for combat.
2 Kings 14 .
LOOK, in the imperative, is used to excite attention or notice. Look ye, look you that is see, behold, observe, take notice.
LOOK, n.
1. Cast of countenance air of the face aspect as, a high look is an index of pride a downcast look is an index of pride a downcast look indicates modesty, bashfulness, or depression of mind.
Pain, disgrace and poverty have frightful looks.
2. The act of looking or seeing. Every look filled him with anguish. 3. View watch.
Webster's Dictionary [4]
(1): ( v. t.) To look at; to turn the eyes toward.
(2): ( v. t.) To influence, overawe, or subdue by looks or presence as, to look down opposition.
(3): ( v. i.) To direct the eyes for the purpose of seeing something; to direct the eyes toward an object; to observe with the eyes while keeping them directed; - with various prepositions, often in a special or figurative sense. See Phrases below.
(4): ( v. i.) To direct the attention (to something); to consider; to examine; as, to look at an action.
(5): ( v. i.) To seem; to appear; to have a particular appearance; as, the patient looks better; the clouds look rainy.
(6): ( v. i.) To have a particular direction or situation; to face; to front.
(7): ( v. i.) In the imperative: see; behold; take notice; take care; observe; - used to call attention.
(8): ( v. i.) To show one's self in looking, as by leaning out of a window; as, look out of the window while I speak to you. Sometimes used figuratively.
(9): ( v. i.) To await the appearance of anything; to expect; to anticipate.
(10): ( n.) Hence; Appearance; aspect; as, the house has a gloomy look; the affair has a bad look.
(11): ( v. t.) To seek; to search for.
(12): ( v. t.) To expect.
(13): ( v. t.) To express or manifest by a look.
(14): ( n.) The act of looking; a glance; a sight; a view; - often in certain phrases; as, to have, get, take, throw, or cast, a look.
(15): ( n.) Expression of the eyes and face; manner; as, a proud or defiant look.
Vine's Expository Dictionary of OT Words [5]
Nâbaṭ ( נָבַט , Strong'S #5027), “to look, regard, behold.” This verb is found in both ancient and modern Hebrew. It occurs approximately 70 times in the Old Testament. The first use of this term is in Gen. 15:5, where it is used in the sense of “take a good look,” as God commands Abraham: “Look now toward heaven, and [number] the stars.…”
While nâbaṭ is commonly used of physical “looking” (Exod. 3:6), the word is frequently used in a figurative sense to mean a spiritual and inner apprehension. Thus, Samuel is told by God: “Look not on his countenance …” (1 Sam. 16:7) as he searched for a king among Jesse’s sons. The sense of “consider” (with insight) is expressed in Isa. 51:1-2: “… Look unto the rock whence ye are hewn.… Look unto Abraham your father.…” “Pay attention to” seems to be the meaning in Isa. 5:12: “… they regard not the work of the Lord.…”
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types [6]
Psalm 18:27 (b) The word here is used to indicate pride, egotism and self-sufficiency, all of which are to be brought down in humiliation and shame by our wonderful Lord. (See Psalm 101:5; Proverbs 6:17; Proverbs 21:4; Isaiah 2:11; Isaiah 10:12).
Ezekiel 2:6 (a) The type here indicates a fierce, angry countenance gazing in hatred against GOD's child. (See Ezekiel 3:9).
Daniel 7:20 (b) This figure also represents a fierce countenance of severe determination which is intended to frighten and to bring dismay.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [7]
look : (1) The uses of the simple verb in English Versions of the Bible are nearly all good modern English. In Isaiah 5:2 , however, "He looked that it should bring forth grapes" - "look" is used in the sense of "expect." Compare the King James Version of Sirach 20:14; Acts 28:6 , "They looked when he should have swollen" (the Revised Version (British and American) "They expected that he would have swollen"). In 1 Macc 4:54, the King James Version has inserted "look" (omitted in the Revised Version (British and American)) as a simple interjection, without a corresponding word in the Greek (2) "Look upon" means "fix one's attention on," and is often so used in English Versions of the Bible without further significance ( Ecclesiastes 2:11; Luke 22:56 , etc.); but in 2 Chronicles 24:22 the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American), "Yahweh look upon it" means "remember." However, continual attention given to an object usually denotes that pleasure is found in it, and from this fact such uses as those of Proverbs 23:31 , "Look not thou upon the wine when it is red," are derived. In particular, God's "looking upon" a person becomes a synonym for "showing favor unto," as in Deuteronomy 26:7 the King James Version; Psalm 84:9 the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American); Psalm 119:132 the King James Version; Luke 1:48 the Revised Version (British and American) only, etc. (the Revised Version (British and American) usually, re-words, in such passages). On the other hand, "look on" may be weakened, as in such phrases as "fair to look unon" ( Genesis 12:11 etc.), where it means only "fair to the sight." Or as in modern English, "look on" may describe the attitude of the passive spectator, even when applied to God. So Psalm 35:17 , "Lord, how long wilt thou look on?" (3) "Look to" usually means "pay attention to," as in Proverbs 14:15; Jeremiah 39:12; 2 John 1:8 , etc., and the Revised Version (British and American) occasionally uses this phrase in place of AV's "look upon" ( Philippians 2:4 ). The reverse change is made in the King James Version's 1 Samuel 16:12 , "goodly to look to"; Ezekiel 23:15 , "all of them princes to look to," but in the latter verse a more drastic revision was needed, for the meaning is "all of them in appearance as princes." "Look out" may mean "search for" ( Genesis 41:33; Acts 6:3 ), but may also be used literally, ( Genesis 26:8 , etc.). The King James Version's "looking after those things" in Luke 21:26 has been changed by the Revised Version (British and American) into "expectation of the things." "Look one another in the face" in 2 Kings 14:8 , 2 Kings 14:11 means "meet in battle."
References
- ↑ Look from Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words
- ↑ Look from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament
- ↑ Look from King James Dictionary
- ↑ Look from Webster's Dictionary
- ↑ Look from Vine's Expository Dictionary of OT Words
- ↑ Look from Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
- ↑ Look from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
