Difference between revisions of "Haran"

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== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_51437" /> ==
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_4551" /> ==
<p> <strong> [[Haran.]] 1. </strong> Son of Terah, younger brother of Abram, and father of Lot, &nbsp; [[Genesis]] 11:26 [[(P]] [Note: Priestly Narrative.] ), also father of [[Milcah]] and Iscah, &nbsp; Genesis 11:29 [[(J]] [Note: Jahwist.] ). <strong> 2. </strong> [[A]] [[Gershonite]] [[Levite]] (&nbsp; 1 Chronicles 23:9 ). </p> <p> <strong> [[Haran]] </strong> . [[A]] city in the [[N.]] [[W.]] of Mesopotamia, marked by the modern village of <em> Harran </em> , situated on the Bçlikh, a tributary of the Euphrates, and about nine hours’ ride [[S.]] [[E.]] of [[Edessa]] ( <em> Urfa </em> ). [[Terah]] and his son [[Abram]] and his family dwelt there on their way from [[Ur]] of the [[Chaldees]] to [[Canaan]] (&nbsp; Genesis 11:31; &nbsp; Genesis 12:4-5; cf. &nbsp; Acts 7:2 ), and Terah died there (&nbsp; Genesis 11:32; cf. &nbsp; Acts 7:4 ). Nahor, Abram’s brother, settled there; hence it is called ‘the city of Nahor’ in the story of Isaac and Jacob (cf. &nbsp; Genesis 24:10; &nbsp; Genesis 27:43 ). Its position on one of the main trade-routes between [[Babylonia]] and the [[Mediterranean]] coast rendered it commercially of great importance (cf. &nbsp; Ezekiel 27:23 ). It was the chief seat of the worship of Sin, the moon-god, and the frequent references to the city in the [[Assyrian]] inscriptions have to do mainly with the worship of this deity and the restoration of his temple. It is probable that Haran rebelled along with the city of [[Ashur]] in b.c. 763, and a reference to its subsequent capture and the suppression of the revolt may be seen in &nbsp; 2 Kings 19:12; [[Sargon]] later on restored the ancient religious privileges of which the city had been then deprived. The worship of the moon-god at Haran appears to have long survived the introduction of Christianity. </p> <p> [[L.]] [[W.]] King. </p>
<p> ''''' hā´ran ''''' ( חרן , <i> ''''' ḥārān ''''' </i> ; Χαῥῤάν , <i> ''''' Charhrán ''''' </i> ): The city where [[Terah]] settled on his departure from [[Ur]] (&nbsp; [[Genesis]] 11:31 f); whence [[Abram]] set out on his pilgrimage of faith to [[Canaan]] (&nbsp; Genesis 12:1 ). It was probably "the city of Nahor" to which Abraham's servant came to find a wife for Isaac (&nbsp;Genesis 24:10 ). [[Hither]] came Jacob when he fled from Esau's anger (&nbsp;Genesis 27:43 ). Here he met his bride (&nbsp;Genesis 29:4 ), and in the neighboring pastures he tended the flocks of Laban. It is one of the cities named by [[Rabshakeh]] as destroyed by the king of [[Assyria]] (&nbsp;2 Kings 19:12; &nbsp;Isaiah 37:12 ). Ezekiel speaks of the merchants of [[Haran]] as trading with [[Tyre]] (&nbsp;Ezekiel 27:23 ). </p> <p> The name appears in Assyro-Babalonian as <i> ''''' Ḥarran ''''' </i> , which means "road"; possibly because here the trade route from [[Damascus]] joined that from [[Nineveh]] to Carchemish. It is mentioned in the prism inscription of Tiglath-pileser I. It was a seat of the worship of Sin, the moon-god, from very ancient times. A temple was built by [[Shalmaneser]] II. Haran seems to have shared in the rebellion of [[Assur]] (763 bc, the year of the solar eclipse, June 15). The privileges then lost were restored by [[Sargon]] II. The temple, which had been destroyed, was rebuilt by Ashurbanipal, who was here crowned with the crown of Sin. Haran and the temple suffered much damage in the invasion of the Umman-Manda (the Medes). Nabuna'id restored temple and city, adorning them on a lavish scale. Near Haran the [[Parthians]] defeated and slew [[Crassus]] (53 bc), and here [[Caracalla]] was assassinated (217 ad). In the 4th century it was the seat of a bishopric; but the cult of the moon persisted far into the [[Christian]] centuries. The chief temple was the scene of heathen worship until the 11th century, and was destroyed by the [[Mongols]] in the 13th. </p> <p> The ancient city is represented by the modern <i> ''''' Ḥarrān ''''' </i> to the Southeast of Edessa, on the river Belias, an affluent of the Euphrates. The ruins lie on both sides of the stream, and include those of a very ancient castle, built of great basaltic blocks, with square columns, 8 ft. thick, which support an arched roof some 30 ft. in height. Remains of the old cathedral are also conspicuous. No inscriptions have yet been found here, but a fragment of an [[Assyrian]] lion has been uncovered. A well nearby is identified as that where [[Eliezer]] met Rebekah. </p> <p> In &nbsp;Acts 7:2 , &nbsp;Acts 7:4 , the King James Version gives the name as Charran. </p>
       
== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_72716" /> ==
<p> '''Ha'ran.''' ''(a mountaineer).'' </p> <p> 1. The third son of Terah, and, therefore, the youngest brother of Abram. &nbsp;Genesis 11:26. [[(B.C.]] 1926). Three children are ascribed to him - Lot, &nbsp;Genesis 11:27; &nbsp;Genesis 11:31, and two daughters, namely, Milcah, who married her uncle Nahor, &nbsp;Genesis 11:29, and Iscah. &nbsp;Genesis 11:29. Haran was born in Ur of the Chaldees, and he died there, while his father was still living. &nbsp;Genesis 11:28. </p> <p> 2. [[A]] Gershonite Levite, in the time of David, one of the family of Shimei. &nbsp;1 Chronicles 23:9. </p> <p> 3. [[A]] son of the great Caleb, by his concubine, Ephah. &nbsp;1 Chronicles 2:46. </p> <p> 4. '''Haran''' or '''Charran''' , &nbsp;Acts 7:2; &nbsp;Acts 7:4, name of the place whither [[Abraham]] migrated, with his family, from Ur of the Chaldees, and where the descendants of his brother, Nahor, established themselves. Compare &nbsp;Genesis 24:10 with &nbsp;Genesis 27:43. </p> <p> It is said to be in Mesopotamia, &nbsp;Genesis 24:10, or more definitely in Padan-aram, &nbsp;Genesis 25:20, the cultivated district at the foot of the hills, a name well applying to the beautiful stretch of country which lies below Mount Masius between the Khabour and the Euphrates. Here, about midway in this district, is a small village still called ''Harran'' . It was celebrated among the Romans, under the name of ''Charrae'' , as the scene of the defeat of Crassus. </p>
       
== People's Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_70186" /> ==
<p> '''Haran''' (''hâ'ran'' ), ''a mountaineer.'' 1. The brother of Abraham, and the father of Lot. &nbsp;Genesis 11:26. 2. [[A]] Levite. &nbsp;1 Chronicles 23:9. </p> <p> '''Haran''' (''hâ'ran'' ), ''parched, dry;'' called '''Charran''' (''kăr'ran'' ). &nbsp;Acts 7:2. 4 [[A.]] [[V.]] The place to which Terah removed from Ur of the Chaldees. Terah died there, &nbsp;Genesis 11:31-32; Abram and [[Lot]] moved to Canaan, &nbsp;Genesis 12:4, while [[Nahor]] remained at Haran, which was called the city of Nahor. &nbsp;Genesis 24:10. It was the early home of Rebekah, and Jacob afterward resided there with Laban. &nbsp;Genesis 27:43. The city was in Mesopotamia, and more definitely in Padanaram, &nbsp;Genesis 24:10; &nbsp;Genesis 25:20, and also in western Assyria. It is generally identified with the modern Haran, the Roman Carræ, situated on the river Belik—the ancient Bilichus—about 60 miles above its entrance into the Euphrates. </p>
       
== American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_16260" /> ==
<p> 1. The eldest son of Terah, brother of Abraham, and father of Lot, Milcah, and Iscah. He died before his father Terah, &nbsp;Genesis 11:26 - &nbsp;31 . </p> <p> 2. An ancient city called in the New [[Testament]] Charran, in the northwest part of Mesopotamia. Here, after leaving Ur, Abraham dwelt till is father Terah died; and to this old homestead Isaac sent for a wife, and Jacob fled from the wrath of Esau, &nbsp;Genesis 11:31,32; &nbsp;12:5; &nbsp;24:1-67; &nbsp;27:43; &nbsp;28:10; &nbsp;29:4 . Haran was ravaged by the [[Assyrians]] in the time of Hezekiah, &nbsp;2 Kings 19:12; &nbsp;Isaiah 37:12 . Here also [[Crassus]] the Roman general was defeated and killed by the Parthiuated on a branch of the Euphrates, in 36 degrees 52' north latitude, and 39 degrees 5' east longitude, in a flat and sandy plain, and is only peopled by a few wandering Arabs, who select it for the delicious water it furnishes. </p>
       
== Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_80824" /> ==
<p> the eldest son of Terah, and brother to Abraham and Nahor. He was the father of Lot, Milcah, and Iscah, &nbsp;Genesis 11:26 , &c. Haran died before his father Terah. </p> <p> <strong> 2. </strong> [[Haran,]] otherwise called Charran, in Mesopotamia, a city celebrated for having been the place to which Abraham removed first, after he left Ur, &nbsp; Genesis 11:31-32 , and where Terah was buried. [[Thither]] it was likewise that Jacob repaired to Laban, when he fled from Esau, &nbsp;Genesis 27:43; &nbsp;Genesis 28:10 . &c. Haran was situated in the north-western part of [[Mesopotamia]] on a river of the same name running into the Euphrates. Mr. Kinneir says, that Haran, which is still so called, or rather Harran, is now peopled by a few families of wandering Arabs, who have been led thither by a plentiful supply of good water from several small streams. It is situated in 36 52' north latitude, and 39 5' east longitude; in a flat and sandy plain. Some think that it was built by Terah, or by Haran, his eldest son. </p>
       
== Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_35593" /> ==
<p> [[Haran]] was Terah's firstborn son, oldest brother of Abram (who is named first in &nbsp;Genesis 11:27, because heir of the promises), father of Lot, and Milcah who married her uncle Nahor, and [[Iscah]] or [[Sarai]] who married her uncle Abram, being "daughter (i.e. granddaughter) of his father not of his mother" (&nbsp;Genesis 20:12). That Haran was oldest brother appears from his brothers marrying his daughters, Sarai being only ten years younger than Abram (&nbsp;Genesis 17:17). Haran died in Ur, his native place, before his father. In the [[Hebrew]] the country Haran begins with 'ch', the man Haran with 'h', as also the Haran the Gershonite Levite under David of Shimei's family (&nbsp;1 Chronicles 23:9). [[Hara]] begins with 'h'; Caleb's son by [[Ephah]] (&nbsp;1 Chronicles 2:46) begins with 'ch'. [[Jewish]] tradition makes Haran to have been cast into Nimrod's furnace for wavering during Abram's fiery trial. </p>
       
== Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_40806" /> ==
&nbsp;Genesis 11:26-29&nbsp;11:31&nbsp;2&nbsp;1 Chronicles 2:46&nbsp;3&nbsp;1 Chronicles 23:9&nbsp;4&nbsp;Genesis 11:31-32&nbsp;Genesis 12:4-5&nbsp;Genesis 27:43&nbsp;Genesis 28:10&nbsp;Genesis 29:4&nbsp;2 Kings 19:12&nbsp;Isaiah 37:12&nbsp;Ezekiel 27:23 <p> David [[M.]] Fleming </p>
       
== Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_56096" /> ==
<p> (Authorized Version‘Charaan,’ &nbsp;Acts 7:2; &nbsp;Acts 7:4) </p> <p> Haran was a city of some importance, on a tributary of the Euphrates. From Ur the ancestors of Abraham emigrated to Haran (&nbsp;Genesis 11:31). Here one division, under Nahor, remained. Hence it is called ‘the city of Nahor’ (&nbsp;Genesis 24:10). It was a famous seat of the worship of Sin, the moon-god. Abram left it to enter Canaan. </p> <p> [[J.]] [[W.]] Duncan. </p>
       
== Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_32012" /> ==
<li> The son of [[Caleb]] of Judah (&nbsp;1 Chronicles 2:46 ) by his concubine Ephah. <div> <p> '''Copyright Statement''' These dictionary topics are from [[M.G.]] Easton [[M.A.,]] [[D.D.,]] Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Third Edition, published by [[Thomas]] Nelson, 1897. Public Domain. </p> <p> '''Bibliography Information''' Easton, Matthew George. Entry for 'Haran'. Easton's Bible Dictionary. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/ebd/h/haran.html. 1897. </p> </div> </li>
       
== Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_66459" /> ==
<p> 1. Son of Terah, and brother of Abraham, and father of Lot. &nbsp;Genesis 11:26-31 . </p> <p> 2. Son of [[Shimei]] a Gershonite. &nbsp; 1 Chronicles 23:9 . </p> <p> 3. Son of Caleb and Ephah. &nbsp; 1 Chronicles 2:46 . The Hebrew of this differs from Nos. 1 and 2. </p>
       
== Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_15828" /> ==
<p> Haran, 1 </p> <p> Haran, eldest son of Terah, brother of Abraham and Nahor, and father of Lot, Milcah, and Iscah. He died before his father Terah, which, from the manner in which it is mentioned, appears to have been a much rarer case in those days than at present (, sq.). </p> <p> Haran, 2 </p> <p> Ha´ran, or rather Charan, called by the [[Greeks]] Charran, and by the Romans Charræ. It was situated in the north-western part of Mesopotamia, on a river of the same name running into the Euphrates. It is supposed to have been so called from Haran, the father of Lot and brother of Abraham; but there appears no ground for this conclusion except the identity of names. Abraham, after he had been called from Ur of the Chaldees tarried here till his father Terah died, when he proceeded to the land of Canaan (;; ). The elder branch of the family still remained at Haran, which led to the interesting journeys thither described in the patriarchal history—first, that of Abraham's servant to obtain a wife for Isaac (Genesis 24), and next, that of Jacob when he fled to evade the wrath of [[Esau]] . The plain bordering on this town is celebrated in history as the scene of a battle in which the Roman army was defeated by the Parthians, and the Triumvir Crassus killed. </p> <p> Haran still retains its ancient name in the form of Harran, and is only peopled by a few families of wandering Arabs, who are led thither by a plentiful supply of water from several small streams. It is situated in a flat and sandy plain, in 36° 40´ [[N.]] lat., 39° 2´ 45˝ [[E.]] long. </p>
          
          
==References ==
==References ==
<references>
<references>


<ref name="term_51437"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/haran Haran from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
<ref name="term_4551"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/haran+(2) Haran from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_72716"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/haran Haran from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_70186"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/people-s-dictionary-of-the-bible/haran Haran from People's Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_16260"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/haran Haran from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_80824"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/watson-s-biblical-theological-dictionary/haran Haran from Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_35593"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/haran Haran from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_40806"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/haran Haran from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_56096"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/haran Haran from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_32012"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/haran Haran from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_66459"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/haran Haran from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_15828"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/kitto-s-popular-cyclopedia-of-biblial-literature/haran Haran from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature]</ref>
          
          
</references>
</references>

Latest revision as of 14:18, 16 October 2021

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [1]

hā´ran ( חרן , ḥārān  ; Χαῥῤάν , Charhrán ): The city where Terah settled on his departure from Ur (  Genesis 11:31 f); whence Abram set out on his pilgrimage of faith to Canaan (  Genesis 12:1 ). It was probably "the city of Nahor" to which Abraham's servant came to find a wife for Isaac ( Genesis 24:10 ). Hither came Jacob when he fled from Esau's anger ( Genesis 27:43 ). Here he met his bride ( Genesis 29:4 ), and in the neighboring pastures he tended the flocks of Laban. It is one of the cities named by Rabshakeh as destroyed by the king of Assyria ( 2 Kings 19:12;  Isaiah 37:12 ). Ezekiel speaks of the merchants of Haran as trading with Tyre ( Ezekiel 27:23 ).

The name appears in Assyro-Babalonian as Ḥarran , which means "road"; possibly because here the trade route from Damascus joined that from Nineveh to Carchemish. It is mentioned in the prism inscription of Tiglath-pileser I. It was a seat of the worship of Sin, the moon-god, from very ancient times. A temple was built by Shalmaneser II. Haran seems to have shared in the rebellion of Assur (763 bc, the year of the solar eclipse, June 15). The privileges then lost were restored by Sargon II. The temple, which had been destroyed, was rebuilt by Ashurbanipal, who was here crowned with the crown of Sin. Haran and the temple suffered much damage in the invasion of the Umman-Manda (the Medes). Nabuna'id restored temple and city, adorning them on a lavish scale. Near Haran the Parthians defeated and slew Crassus (53 bc), and here Caracalla was assassinated (217 ad). In the 4th century it was the seat of a bishopric; but the cult of the moon persisted far into the Christian centuries. The chief temple was the scene of heathen worship until the 11th century, and was destroyed by the Mongols in the 13th.

The ancient city is represented by the modern Ḥarrān to the Southeast of Edessa, on the river Belias, an affluent of the Euphrates. The ruins lie on both sides of the stream, and include those of a very ancient castle, built of great basaltic blocks, with square columns, 8 ft. thick, which support an arched roof some 30 ft. in height. Remains of the old cathedral are also conspicuous. No inscriptions have yet been found here, but a fragment of an Assyrian lion has been uncovered. A well nearby is identified as that where Eliezer met Rebekah.

In  Acts 7:2 ,  Acts 7:4 , the King James Version gives the name as Charran.

References

  1. ↑ Haran from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
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