Difference between revisions of "Jonah"

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== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_73402" /> ==
== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_73402" /> ==
<p> '''Jo'nah.''' ''(dove).'' Jonah, the fifth of the minor prophets, was the son of Amittai, and a native of Gath-hepher. &nbsp;2 Kings 14:25. He flourished in or before the reign of Jeroboam [[Ii,]] about [[B.C.]] 820. Having already, as it seems, prophesied to Israel, he was sent to Nineveh. The time was one of political revival in Israel; but ere long, the [[Assyrians]] were to be employed by God as a scourge upon them. </p> <p> The prophet shrank from a commission, which he felt sure would result, &nbsp;Jonah 4:2, in the sparing of a hostile city. He attempted, therefore, to escape to Tarshish. The providence of God, however, watched over him, first in a storm, and then in his being swallowed by a large fish, (a sea monster, probably the white shark), for the space of three days and three nights. [On this subject, ''see article '' '''Whale''' ''.'' ] </p> <p> After his deliverance, Jonah executed his commission; and the king, "believing him to be a minister from the supreme deity of the nation," and having heard of his miraculous deliverance, ordered a general fast, and averted the threatened judgment. </p> <p> But the prophet, not from personal but national feelings, grudged the mercy shown to a heathen nation. He was, therefore, taught by the significant lesson of the "gourd," whose growth and decay brought the truth at once home to him, that he was sent to testify by deed, as other prophets would afterward testify by word, the capacity of Gentiles for salvation, and the design of God to make them partakers of it. </p> <p> This was "the sign of the prophet Jonas." &nbsp;Luke 11:29-30. But the resurrection of '''Christ''' itself was also shadowed forth, in the history of the prophet. &nbsp;Matthew 12:39; &nbsp;Matthew 12:41; &nbsp;Matthew 16:4. The mission of Jonah was highly symbolical. The facts contained a concealed prophecy. The old tradition made the burial-place of Jonah to be Gath-hepher; the modern tradition places it at ''Nebi-Yunus'' , opposite Mosul. </p>
<p> '''Jo'nah.''' ''(dove).'' Jonah, the fifth of the minor prophets, was the son of Amittai, and a native of Gath-hepher. &nbsp;2 Kings 14:25. He flourished in or before the reign of Jeroboam [[Ii,]] about [[B.C.]] 820. Having already, as it seems, prophesied to Israel, he was sent to Nineveh. The time was one of political revival in Israel; but ere long, the [[Assyrians]] were to be employed by God as a scourge upon them. </p> <p> The prophet shrank from a commission, which he felt sure would result, &nbsp;Jonah 4:2, in the sparing of a hostile city. He attempted, therefore, to escape to Tarshish. The providence of God, however, watched over him, first in a storm, and then in his being swallowed by a large fish, (a sea monster, probably the white shark), for the space of three days and three nights. [On this subject, ''see article '' [[Whale]] ''.'' ] </p> <p> After his deliverance, Jonah executed his commission; and the king, "believing him to be a minister from the supreme deity of the nation," and having heard of his miraculous deliverance, ordered a general fast, and averted the threatened judgment. </p> <p> But the prophet, not from personal but national feelings, grudged the mercy shown to a heathen nation. He was, therefore, taught by the significant lesson of the "gourd," whose growth and decay brought the truth at once home to him, that he was sent to testify by deed, as other prophets would afterward testify by word, the capacity of Gentiles for salvation, and the design of God to make them partakers of it. </p> <p> This was "the sign of the prophet Jonas." &nbsp;Luke 11:29-30. But the resurrection of [[Christ]] itself was also shadowed forth, in the history of the prophet. &nbsp;Matthew 12:39; &nbsp;Matthew 12:41; &nbsp;Matthew 16:4. The mission of Jonah was highly symbolical. The facts contained a concealed prophecy. The old tradition made the burial-place of Jonah to be Gath-hepher; the modern tradition places it at ''Nebi-Yunus'' , opposite Mosul. </p>
          
          
== American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_16374" /> ==
== American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_16374" /> ==
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== People's Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_70333" /> ==
== People's Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_70333" /> ==
<p> '''Jonah''' (''jô'nah'' ), ''dove.'' The fifth of the minor prophets; was the son of Amittai, and a native of Gath-hepher. &nbsp;2 Kings 14:25. He flourished in or before the reign of Jeroboam [[Ii.,]] about b.c. 820. His story is related in the book that bears his Dame. Christ tells of "the sign of the prophet Jonah." &nbsp;Luke 11:29-30. But the resurrection of Christ itself was also shadowed forth in the history of the prophet. &nbsp;Matthew 12:39; &nbsp;Matthew 12:41; &nbsp;Matthew 16:4. The mission of Jonah was highly symbolical. The old tradition made the burial place of Jonah to be Gath-hepher; the modern tradition places it at ''Nebi-Yunus,'' opposite Mosul. </p>
<p> [[Jonah]] (''jô'nah'' ), ''dove.'' The fifth of the minor prophets; was the son of Amittai, and a native of Gath-hepher. &nbsp;2 Kings 14:25. He flourished in or before the reign of Jeroboam [[Ii.,]] about b.c. 820. His story is related in the book that bears his Dame. Christ tells of "the sign of the prophet Jonah." &nbsp;Luke 11:29-30. But the resurrection of Christ itself was also shadowed forth in the history of the prophet. &nbsp;Matthew 12:39; &nbsp;Matthew 12:41; &nbsp;Matthew 16:4. The mission of Jonah was highly symbolical. The old tradition made the burial place of Jonah to be Gath-hepher; the modern tradition places it at ''Nebi-Yunus,'' opposite Mosul. </p>
          
          
== Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary <ref name="term_48014" /> ==
== Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary <ref name="term_48014" /> ==

Revision as of 21:24, 12 October 2021

Bridgeway Bible Dictionary [1]

In contrast to the other prophetical books, the book of Jonah does not say who wrote it or why it was written. The book takes its name from the chief person in the story, a prophet who had become known for his accurate forecast of the growth of Israel (the northern part of the divided kingdom) under Jeroboam Ii ( 2 Kings 14:23;  2 Kings 14:25).

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%0A%0A%09%0A%09<div%20class=

Fausset's Bible Dictionary [2]

("dove".) ( Genesis 8:8-9, seeking rest in vain, fleeing from Noah and the ark; so Jonah). Parentage, date. Son of Amittai of Gath Hepher in Zebulun ( 2 Kings 14:25-27, compare  2 Kings 13:4-7). Jeroboam Ii "restored the coast from the entering of Hamath unto the sea of the plain, according to the word of the Lord God of Israel which He spoke by the hand of His servant Jonah" etc. (See Hamath.) "For the Lord saw the affliction of Israel, that it was very bitter; for there was not any shut up, nor any left, nor any (i.e., none married or single, else confined or at large, as a) helper for Israel." Israel was at its lowest extremity, i.e early in Joash's reign, when Jehovah (probably by Jonah) promised deliverance from Syria, which was actually given first under Joash, in answer to Jehoahaz' prayer, then completely under Jeroboam Ii. (See Jehoahaz.) Thus, Jonah was among the earliest of the prophets who wrote, and close upon Elisha who died in Joash's reign, having just before death foretold Syria's defeat thrice ( 2 Kings 13:14-21).

Hosea and Amos prophesied in the latter part of the 41 years' reign of Jeroboam Ii. The events recorded in the book of Jonah were probably late in his life. The book begins with "And," implying that it continues his prophetic work begun before; it was written probably about Hosea's and Amos' time. Hosea ( Hosea 6:2) saw the prophetical meaning of Jonah's entombment: "after two days will He revive us, in the third day He will raise us up;" primarily Israel, in a short period ( Luke 13:32-33) to be revived from its national deadness, antitypically Messiah, raised on the third day ( John 2:19;  1 Corinthians 15:4); as Israel's political resurrection typifies the general resurrection, of which Christ's resurrection is the firstfruits ( Isaiah 26:19;  Ezekiel 37:1-14;  1 Corinthians 15:22-23;  Daniel 12:2). The mention of Nineveh's being "an exceeding great city" implies it was written before the Assyrian inroads had made them know too well its greatness.

'''Personal Reality''' . The pagan fable of Hercules springing into a sea monster's jaws and being three days in its belly, when saving Hesione (Diodor. Sic. 4:42), is rather a corruption of the story of Jonah than vice versa, if there be any connection. Jerome says, near Joppa lay rocks represented as those to which Andromeda was bound when exposed to the sea monster. The Phoenicians probably carried the story of Jonah to Greece. Our Lord's testimony proves the personal existence, miraculous fate, and prophetical office of Jonah. "The sign of the prophet Jonah, for as Jonah was three days and three nights in the whale's belly, so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights (both eases count the day from, and that to, which the reckoning is) in the heart of the earth" ( Matthew 12:39-41).

Jonah's being in the fish's belly Christ makes a "sign," i.e. a real miracle typifying the like event in His own history, and assumes the prophet's execution of his commission to Nineveh; "the men of Nineveh repented at the preaching of Jonah, and behold a greater than Jonah is here." The miracle is justified by the crisis then in the development of the kingdom of God, when Israel by impenitence was about to fall before Assyria, and God's principle of righteous government needed to be exhibited in sparing Nineveh through the preaching of Jonah, spared himself after living entombment. The great Antitype too needed such a vivid type.

'''Canonicity, Design''' . It seemed strange to Kimchi that this book is in the canon, as its only prophecy concerns Nineveh, a pagan city, and does not mention Israel, of whom all the other prophets prophesy. The strangeness is an argument for the inspiration of the sacred canon; but the solution is, Israel is tacitly reproved. A pagan city repents at a strange prophet's first preaching, whereas Israel, God's elect, repented not, though admonished by their own prophets at all seasons. An anticipatory dawn of the "light to lighten the Gentiles," Jonah was a parable in himself: a prophet of God, yet a runaway from God; drowned, yet alive; a preacher of repentance, yet one that repines at repentance resulting from his preaching. God's pity and patience form a wonderful contrast to man's self will and hard hearted pettiness. His name, meaning "dove," symbolizes mourning love, his feeling toward his people, either given prophetically or assumed by him as a watchword of his feeling. His truthfullness (son of Amirtai, i.e. truth) appears in his so faithfully recording his own perversity and punishment.

His patriotic zeal against his people's adversaries, like that of James and John, was in a wrong spirit ( Luke 9:51-56). He felt repugnance to deliver the Lord's warning to Nineveh ("cry against it,"  Jonah 1:2), whose destruction he desired, not their repentance. Jonah was sent when he had been long a prophet, and had been privileged to announce from God the restoration of Israel's coasts. God's goodness had not led them to repent ( 2 Kings 13:6;  2 Kings 14:24). Amos ( Amos 5:27) had foretold that Israel for apostasy should be carried "captive beyond Damascus," i.e. beyond that enemy from which Jeroboam Ii had just delivered them, according to the prophecy of Jonah, and that they should be "afflicted from the entering in of Hamath unto the river of the wilderness" (the southern bound of Moab, then forming Israel's boundary), i.e. the very bounds restored by Jeroboam Ii, for "the river of the araba h" or "wilderness" flowed into the S. end of "the sea of the plain" or Dead Sea ( 2 Kings 14:25;  Amos 6:14).

Hosea too ( Hosea 9:3) had foretold their eating unclean things in Assyria. Instinctively Jonah shrank from delivering a message which might eventuate in Nineveh being spared, the city by which Israel was to suffer. Pul or Ivalush Iii (Rawlinson, Herodotus) was then king. (See Assyria), and by Pal the first weakening of Israel afterward took place. "Jonah sought the honour of the son (Israel), and sought not the honour of the Father" (God) (Kimchi, from rabbinical tradition). Jonah is the only case of a prophet hiding his prophetical message; the reluctance at first was common to many of them ( Isaiah 6:5;  Jeremiah 1:6;  Jeremiah 1:17;  Exodus 4:10). His desire was that Nineveh's sudden overthrow, like Sodom's, might produce the effect which his words failed to produce, to rouse Israel from impenitence.

'''History.''' Jonah embarked at Joppa for the far off Tartessus of Spain or Tarshish in Cilicia; compare as to the folly of the attempt  Psalms 139:7-10;  Genesis 3:8-10;  Jeremiah 23:24. However, "from the presence of the Lord" ( Jonah 1:3) means not from His universal presence, which Jonah ought to have known is impossible, but from ministering in His immediate presence in the Holy Land. The storm, the strange sleep (of self hardening, weariness, and God forgetfulness; contrast  Mark 4:37-39, spiritually with  Ephesians 5:14), the lot casting, and detection of Jonah and casting into and consequent calming of the sea, followed.

'''Typical Significance.''' Jonah reflected' Israel's backsliding and consequent punishment; type of Messiah who bears our imputed guilt and its punishment; compare  Psalms 42:7;  Psalms 69:1-2;  John 11:50. God spares the prayerful penitent: (1) the pagan sailors, (2) Jonah, (3) Nineveh. He sank to the "bottom" of the sea first, and felt "the seaweed wrapped about his head" ( Jonah 2:5-6), then the God-prepared great fish (the dog fish, Bochart; in any view a miracle is needed, the rest is conjecture). The prophet's experiences adapted him, by sympathy, for fulfilling his office to his hearers. God's infinite resources in mercy, as well as judgment, appear in Jonah's devourer becoming his preserver. Jonah was a type to Nineveh and Israel of death following sin, and of resurrection on repentance; preeminently of Christ's death for sin and resurrection by the Spirit of God ( Matthew 12:40). Jonah in his thanksgiving notices that his chief punishment consisted in the very thing which his flight had aimed at, being "cast out of God's sight" ( Jonah 1:3;  Jonah 2:4;  Jonah 2:8;  Jeremiah 2:13;  Jeremiah 17:13).

Hezekiah's hymn is based on it ( Isaiah 38:17;  Jonah 2:6). Jehovah's next message (more definite and awful than the former) was faithfully delivered by Jonah: "yet 40 days and Nineveh shall be destroyed." Jonah, himself a living exemplification of judgment and mercy, was "a sign (an embodied significant lesson) unto the Ninevites" ( Luke 11:30). Guilty Jonah, saved from his living tomb, gave a ray of hope to guilty Nineveh. To the Pharisees who, not satisfied with His many signs, still demanded "a sign (Messiah coming gloriously) from heaven," Christ gave a sign "out of the belly of hell" ( Jonah 2:2), i.e. the unseen region beneath. Christ's death, entombment three days without corruption, and resurrection, is the grand proof of His Messiahship and of His power and will to save, just as Jonah's message derived its weight with the Ninevites from his past entombment and restoration. Forty is the number indicative of judgment for sin, as Israel's 40 years in the wilderness. God granted to Nineveh, however, a double mercy: (1) that the people repented immediately after threatening, (2) that pardon immediately followed repentance.

Their deep reverence for their gods (as appears from their inscriptions), as well as Jonah's deliverance (which was known to them,  Luke 11:30), and probably his previous prophecy which had been fulfilled, of Israel's deliverance under Jeroboam Ii from Syria with which Nineveh had been long warring, all made them ready to heed his message. By general acclamation they proclaimed a fast, which the king confirmed, enjoining all to "cry mightily unto God, turning from every evil way" in hope that "God would turn from His fierce anger." "So God repented of the evil He had said He would do, and did it not." Jonah's anger and its correction. Jonah was "exceedingly displeased" (Jonah 4). Not merely at his word not coming to pass; for it would have been inhuman if Jonah had preferred the destruction of 600,000 rather than his prophecy should be set aside through God's mercy triumphing over judgment; God would then have severely chastised, not merely expostulated gently with him. Moreover, Jonah in apologizing for his vexation does not mention, as its cause, the failure of his prediction, but solely God's slowness to anger.

The end of his commission had not failed, namely, leading Nineveh to repentance. If Nineveh had been the prominent object with him he would have rejoiced at the result. But Jonah regarded Nineveh's destruction by God's judgment as likely to startle Israel out of its apostate security, heightened by its prosperity under Jeroboam Ii. Moreover, Nineveh was the foretold ( Hosea 9:3;  Hosea 11:5;  Hosea 11:11;  Amos 5:27) executioner of God's coming judgment on Israel. Nineveh's destruction, in Jonah's view, meant Israel's safety. But God's plan was by pagan Nineveh's example to teach the covenant people Israel how inexcusable is their impenitence; Israel must, if she continue impenitent, go down, and pagan Assyria rise over her. Hope to the penitent however sunken, condemnation to the impenitent however elevated in privileges, are the lessons our Lord draws from Nineveh ( Matthew 12:41). Jonah still stayed near the city, possibly expecting some judgment still to fall. To teach him what he knew not, the largeness of God's mercy and its reasonableness, God made a "(See Gourd" (used on trellises in the East shading arbours) to grow over the booth which Jonah raised.

"Grief," not selfish anger, was Jonah's feeling ( Jonah 4:6). Some little external comfort will turn away a simple minded man from his grief, so Jonah was "exceeding glad." A small worm at the root was enough to destroy the large gourd, so with our greatest earthly joys ( Psalms 30:7). Jonah was "grieved even unto death" (Hebrew); contrast the Antitype ( Matthew 26:38). Jonah was making himself rather like Cain (compare  Jonah 4:9 with  Genesis 4:6;  James 1:20). Jonah's grief was owing to his own inherent sin, Christ's owing to our imputed sin. Still Jonah's sorrow even to death was that of one desiring his country's repentance and salvation, and bitterly disappointed as if there was no hope: like Elijah ( 1 Kings 19:4).

God's pathetic and condescendingly touching appeal winds up the book; God's tender accents are the last that reach the ear, the abruptness of the close making them the more impressive "thou hast had pity on the gourd for the which thou hast not laboured, neither madest it grow; which came up in a night and perished in a night; and should not I spare Nineveh, that great city, wherein are more than six score thousand persons (120,000 children under four,  Deuteronomy 1:39) that cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand (giving a total, if the children be a fifth, of 600,000 population), and also much cattle?" God saw the root of faith in Jonah, therefore corrected his perverse self will by an appropriate discipline.

Jonah's figurative gourd, Israel's preservation through Nineveh's destruction, though not selfish, was self-willed. It sought a good aim, reckless of the death of 600,000 men, and without making God's will the foremost consideration. The book is narrative throughout, except the thanksgiving hymn (Jonah 2). Some Aramaean expressions naturally occur in the language of one who lived in Zebulun bordering toward Syria, and who had communications with Assyria. The purity of the language implies the antiquity of the book. None but Jonah could have written or dictated details so unique, known only to himself. The so-called "tomb of Jonah," Nebbi Junus (prophet Jonah), took its name probably from its being the site of a Christian church named after him, Jerome preserves the older tradition of the tomb being in his native village of Gath Hepher.

Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament [3]

Jonah ( Ἰωνᾶς, Heb. וֹנָה ‘dove,’ Authorized Version of Nt Jonas ).—A prophet, the story of whose mission to Nineveh is related in the Book of Jonah, and who is probably to be identified with the Jonah of  2 Kings 14:25; referred to by our Lord twice at least (see below) in the Gospels ( Matthew 12:39-41 ||  Luke 11:29-32 and  Matthew 16:4).

Certain of the scribes and Pharisees, not content with our Lord’s many miracles or signs (cf.  John 12:37), some of which were, after all, like those performed by their ‘sons’ ( Matthew 12:27,  Luke 11:19), demanded of Him a special sign, most probably, as in  Matthew 16:1 ||  Mark 8:11, from heaven, since such a sign would at once attest His Divine mission (cf.  John 6:30-32). He replied: ‘An evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given to it [and we must naturally understand such a sign as they demanded] but the sign of Jonah the prophet: for as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the whale, so shall the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. The men of Nineveh shall stand up in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: for they repented at the preaching of Jonah; and behold, a greater than Jonah is here.’ The parallel account in Lk. has the appearance of being a summary report of that in Mt., and there are some notable differences. In place of the reference to the three days, Lk. has, ‘For even as Jonah became a sign unto the Ninevites, so shall also the Son of Man be to this generation,’—words which many think refer only to Jonah’s preaching. Again, the verse concerning the rising up of the men of Nineveh in the judgment follows that referring to the queen of the south instead of preceding it as in Mt. The reference to Jonah in  Matthew 16:4 was obviously made on another occasion; it contains only the words, ‘An evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign [here plainly from heaven, cf.  Matthew 16:1]; and there shall no sign be given unto it, but the sign of Jonah.’

Although it is not the purpose of this article to discuss the difficulties connected with the story of Jonah as told in the Ot, or to consider the arguments advanced for and against the historicity of the book, it will yet be necessary to allude to some of them in connexion with the problems arising out of our Lord’s references to the prophet. Those who maintain the historicity of the Book of Jonah, and who hold that it contains a record of facts, find no special difficulties in our Lord’s allusions to it,—He referred to Jonah and to facts in his history, just as He referred to other historical personages and to facts in their history, as to Abraham, for instance, to Moses, or to the queen of Sheba; for such persons the only difficulties are the subordinate ones belonging to the exegesis and application of the passages in question. On the other hand, those who deny the historicity of the book, and who hold, with whatever modifications, that the story is a fictitious symbolic narrative with a didactic purpose, like some others in the Ot and in the Apocrypha, find many grave difficulties in our Lord’s use of the book—difficulties which perhaps do not admit of an absolutely certain solution. Before, however, adverting to them there is a preliminary point to be considered.

It has been maintained by some that  Matthew 12:40 is no part of our Lord’s original utterance, but is either an amplification by the Evangelist of  Matthew 12:39 (and cf.  Luke 11:30,  Matthew 16:4), or at least a very early interpolation. Against the verse it is said: (1) It runs counter to the Gospel history, for according to that history Jesus had wrought many signs, and could not therefore say, ‘No sign shall be given.’ (2) The resurrection was not a sign to the men of that generation, i.e. such as they demanded (cf.  Acts 10:41). (3) The clause is unnecessary, and interferes with the balance which without it exists in  Matthew 12:41-42 ||  Luke 11:31-32, for it was Jonah’s preaching and the consequent repentance of the Ninevites, in contrast with His own preaching and the indifference of the men of His generation, to which Jesus especially alluded; His words without  Luke 11:40 are a complete answer to their demand for a sign: the repentance-preaching Jonah was a sign to the Ninevites of God’s mercy; the repentance-preaching Jesus of Nazareth was a sign, though a greater one, to the Jews. (4) Add that (3) harmonizes well with  Luke 11:30, which was perhaps the original out of which  Matthew 12:40 was evolved. (5) There is the difficulty about the reckoning of the three days and three nights in the case of our Lord’s resurrection.

To these objections it may be replied: (1) There is no contradiction of the Gospel story, for the scribes and Pharisees plainly demanded a sign of a different character from those which they had so far witnessed (see above). (2) The resurrection was a sign, since the Apostles proclaimed it (Acts and Epistles passim ), and made it the corner-stone of their teaching about the Christ. (3)  Matthew 12:40 is unnecessary only on the gratuitous assumption that Jonah’s preaching was the only way in which he was to be a sign to the men of Christ’s generation; the introduction in  Matthew 12:40 of another particular in which Jonah was to be a sign does not weaken or interfere with what our Lord says about the prophet’s preaching. (4)  Luke 11:30, instead of being the original, may well be a summary report of  Matthew 12:40 as suggested above,—an explanation rendered not improbable by the whole form and tenor of the passage in Lk. referring to Jonah. (5) This difficulty, such as it is, makes rather for than against the authenticity of the verse (see below). To these replies it may be added: (6) There is some ground for the conjecture that allusion was made on another occasion by our Lord, and also by St. Paul, to Jonah’s deliverance after three days from the ‘whale’ as typifying the resurrection ( Luke 24:46,  1 Corinthians 15:4), it being much more unlikely that the reference in these places is to  Hosea 6:2 or  Genesis 22:4; and this may be thought to add some strength to the probability that our Lord did utter the words recorded in v. 40 (cf. also  Matthew 27:63,  Mark 8:31,  John 2:19). (7) There is no textual authority for the rejection of the verse. On the whole, the conclusion that this verse is really part of our Lord’s original utterance can be fully justified.

We have now to consider briefly the difficulties connected with our Lord’s use of the story of Jonah on the supposition that the book is not historical, but a fictitious narrative with a didactic purpose. (1) Did our Lord cite details from the story of Jonah as facts, He Himself thinking them to be facts? If we reply in the affirmative, we must admit that our Lord was not completely omniscient, and that on a point of literary knowledge He was and could be in error. Into a discussion of the great question of the limitation of our Lord’s human knowledge we cannot, of course, enter here; it must suffice to point out that the most earnest maintainers of our Lord’s Divinity have in all ages recognized, in view of such passages as  Matthew 24:36 ( Revised Version Nt 1881, Ot 1885) ||  Mark 13:32,  Luke 2:40;  Luke 2:52,  Philippians 2:7, not only a gradual growth of His human knowledge, but even a mysterious limitation of His knowledge of Divine things; and however difficult it may be to understand the union of the Divine and the human in one Person, we must not, in maintaining His Divinity, forget that He was ‘perfect man.’ ‘Is it,’ asks Dr. Sanday, ‘inconsistent with our Christian belief to suppose that He who called Himself the Son of Man, along with the assumption of human flesh and a human mind, should also have assumed the natural workings of such a mind, even in its limitations?’ ( Bamp. Lect . viii. p. 415). (2) But did our Lord know in Himself that the story of Jonah was fiction and yet cite details from it as though they were facts, His hearers thinking them to be such? Here, again, we might reply in the affirmative, and that without detracting from our Lord’s honesty as a moral and religious teacher, for He would have been but speaking according to the beliefs of His hearers, as many other teachers in all ages have done. Speaking to children in knowledge, He spoke to them as such. In this way, it is nearly universally agreed, we are to explain His words about Hades and Abraham’s bosom in the graphic parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus; i.e. in warning and in inculcating truth He spoke according to the beliefs of His hearers and of His age, without necessarily endorsing those beliefs as true. (3) Or did both our Lord and His hearers, the scribes and Pharisees, regard the story of Jonah as a parable or fictitious narrative, like others in the Ot and in the Apocrypha, and did He thus refer to it? Although in view of  Tobit 14:4;  Tobit 14:8,  3 Maccabees 6:8, Josephus Ant . ix. x. it is not very probable that our Lord’s hearers regarded the book as fictitious, we might yet admit without hesitation that part of our Lord’s reference could be thus explained. Even so firm a maintainer of the historicity of Jonah as Huxtable writes in the Speaker’s Commentary  : ‘The reference to Jonah’s experiences, as yielding an illustrative parallel to what would be seen in His own case, or even as predictive of it, seems as cogent on the supposition of the book being an inspired parable, as on that of its being authentic narrative.’ And in fact a teacher might, without doing any violence to right teaching, cite well-known fiction ( The Pilgrim’s Progress, Rasselas , Shakespeare’s characters) to enforce warnings or moral truth, and so could our Saviour have done. There is, however, an objection to this explanation, besides that referred to above, which, if it be not a fatal one, is at least of considerable force, viz. that our Lord would not naturally have said of persons whom a fiction represented as repentant, that they would rise up in the Judgment; nor would He have put as a parallel case to a fiction the facts of the queen of Sheba’s visit to Solomon.

It does not seem possible to pronounce a decided verdict in favour of any one of these hypotheses to the exclusion of the others, though it may he allowed that (3) contains more of difficulty than (1) or (2); and whilst of these latter (2) is perhaps the more attractive, (1) can certainly be held without belittling our Lord’s Divinity or detracting from His authority as a moral and religions Teacher, and without weakening the force of the lessons for all generations derivable from the use He made of the story of Jonah for the edification and warning of the men of His own day.

It remains to notice the difficulty connected with the reckoning of the three days and three nights . It is certain that this length of time did not literally elapse between the burial and the resurrection of Christ, and the commentaries in explanation usually follow the lead of St. Jerome and of St. Augustine, who point out that we must understand the passage on the principle that the part is taken for the whole; and accordingly it is usually said that our Lord was in the ‘heart of the earth’ on three day-night periods or νυχθήμερα (reference is made to  Genesis 1:5;  Genesis 1:8 etc.,  Leviticus 23:32,  1 Samuel 30:12-13,  2 Chronicles 10:5;  2 Chronicles 10:12,  Daniel 8:14 margin). It must be confessed, however, that this explanation seems somewhat forced, in view of the peculiar form of the sentence in  Luke 2:40, and there is not a little to be said against it; and it is perhaps more satisfactory to suppose that our Lord was speaking only in general terms. At any rate the difficulty, such as it is, lends support to the arguments for the authenticity of the verse, since if it were an amplification by the Evangelist, or an interpolation, the Evangelist or the interpolator would hardly have made our Lord utter a prediction expressed in a form not in literal and precise accord with the facts of the resurrection as related in the Gospels.

It is worth noticing that the story of Jonah had a peculiar interest for the early Christians; his deliverance from a strange sea-monster is depicted many times in the Roman catacombs as typifying the resurrection.

Literature.—Jerome. Com. in Jonam , ii. 405, also in Evang. Matth. 2:12, 83; Augustine, de Consensu Evang. iii. 24, 66; ‘The Book of Jonah, How far is it Historical?’ by M. P. in Js L [Note: Sl Journal of Sacred Literature.] , Oct. 1865; Liddon, Bampton Lectures , on ‘Our Lord’s Divinity,’ Lect. viii.; Introduction to ‘Jonah’ in Speaker’s Commentary  ; C. H. H. Wright, Biblical Essays , 1886, pp. 34–98; Farrar, The Minor Prophets , 1890; Lux Mundi , pref. to the 10th edition; J. Kennedy, A Monograph on the Book of Jonah , 1895; Gore, Bamptan Lectures , on ‘The Incarnation,’ Lects. vi., vii.; Sanday, Bampton Lectures , on ‘Inspiration,’ Lect. viii.; G. A. Smith, The Book of the Twelve Prophets , vol. ii., 1898; Driver, Lo T [Note: Ot Introd. to the Literature of the Old Test.] 6 [Note: designates the particular edition of the work referred] , pp. 321–325; art. ‘Jonah’ in Hasting's Dictionary of the Bible, in the Encyc. Bibl . 1901, and in the Jewish Encyclopedia , 1904.

Albert Bonus.

Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible [4]

Jonah

1. The man Jonah. Jonah (‘dove’) is found in the Bible as the name of only one person, the Israelitish prophet of   2 Kings 14:25 and the Book of Jonah. All that is really known about him is found in those two sources. According to both, he was the son of Amittai (Lxx [Note: Septuagint.] and Vulg. [Note: Vulgate.] A mathi ), and the former connects him with Gath-hepher , a place named in   Joshua 19:13 , in the territory of Zebulun, now probably represented by el-Meshhed , 2½ miles to the E. of Sepphoris, and not far from Kefr Kennâ and Nazareth, in the neighbourhood of which is a grave of Nebi Yûnus or Yûnis. If this identification is right, Jonah was not only Israelitish in the narrower sense, but Galiæan. He seems to have lived and worked in the latter part of the 9th cent. b.c. or in the earlier part of the 8th. His one prediction, recorded in Kings, of the extension of the kingdom of Samaria from the Orontes to the Dead Sea, is said to have been fulfilled in the reign of Jeroboam ii. (b.c. 790 to 749 or 782 741). It has generally been inferred that the prediction was also uttered in that reign, but the inference is uncertain. It may have been delivered under Jehoash (b.c. 802 790 or 798 782), or even under Jehoahaz (815 802 or 798). Still, Jonah may be reasonably regarded as to some extent a contemporary of Jeroboam ii. There is no mention in Kings of any connexion of Jonah with Assyria, but it is quite possible that the memory of a visit to Nineveh was preserved by tradition or in some lost historical work. From b.c. 782 745, Assyria was comparatively weak, and was governed by relatively insignificant kings.

That the Jonah of Kings is identical with the Jonah of the book was questioned by Winckler in 1900, but the objection was withdrawn in 1903. The identification of Jonah with the son of the widow of Zarephath, which is mentioned by Jerome, and other assertions of Jewish origin, have no historical value.

2. Book of Jonah

(1) Analysis

Jonah, the son of Amittai, is commanded by Jahweh to go to Nineveh and announce there impending judgment ( Jonah 1:1 f.). For a reason not mentioned until near the end of the book (  Jonah 4:2 f.) the fear that Jahweh will repent of His purpose, and spare the Ninevites he refuses to obey, and in order to escape from. Jahweh’s immediate jurisdiction goes down to Joppa, and books himself in a ship manned by heathen, almost certainly PhÅ“nicians, for Tarshish , probably the PhÅ“nician colony in the S. W. of Spain, called by the Greeks Tartessus , and now represented by Cadiz and the country round (  Jonah 1:3 f.). When a violent storm comes on, and the prayers of the mariners to their gods are of no avail, they conclude that there is some one on board who has offended some deity, and cast lots to discover the culprit. The lot falls on Jonah (  Jonah 1:4-7 ), who acknowledges his guilt and advises them to cast him overboard (  Jonah 1:8-12 ). After making futile efforts to bring the vessel to land (  Jonah 1:13 ), the sailors reluctantly cast him into the sea, with the result that the storm at once subsides and the wondering heathen adore the God of the Hebrews (  Jonah 1:14-16 ). Jonah is swallowed by a fish appointed for the purpose by J″ [Note: Jahweh.] , and remains in its belly 3 days and 3 nights (  Jonah 1:17 ), during which time he prays (  Jonah 2:1 ). His prayer, which fills the greater part of the chapter, is rather a psalm of praise (  Jonah 2:2-9 ). He is then cast by the fish on the land at a place not specified (  Jonah 2:10 ), is commanded to discharge the neglected duty, goes to Nineveh and delivers his message over a third of the city (  Jonah 3:1-4 ). King and people repent, and show their repentance in a public fast (which includes even the domestic animals), and pray (  Jonah 3:5-9 ). Their penitence and prayer are accepted, to the prophet’s disgust (  Jonah 3:10 to   Jonah 4:4 ). As he sulks in a booth outside the city, waiting to see the issue, a remarkable series of experiences is arranged for his instruction (  Jonah 4:5-8 ): the shooting up of a castor-oil plant (or, as some think, a bottle-gourd) appointed by Jahweh, which delights him by its welcome shade; the killing of the plant by a worm, also appointed by Jahweh; and the springing up of a hot wind which also blows by Divine appointment, so that the now unshaded prophet is so tormented by the heat, that, like Elijah (  1 Kings 19:4 ), he longs for death. When he still sulks, it is pointed out to him that if he, a man, cares for the plant which sprang up and perished so quickly, and which was in no way the product of his toil, how much more must God care for the great city, which has in it so many thousands of little children and much cattle (  Jonah 4:9-11 ).

(2) Integrity . Most recent critics ascribe 1,   Jonah 2:1-10;   Jonah 2:3-4 , with the exception of a few glosses, to one writer. About the hymn or psalm in   Jonah 2:2-9 there is diversity of opinion. There are three views: (1) that it is by the same writer (G. A. Smith); (2) that it was used by him but not written by him (Baudissin); (3) that it was inserted by an editor who missed the prayer referred to in   Jonah 2:1 (Nowack, Marti, Cheyne, Kautzsch, and perhaps Horton). The last view is on the whole the most probable, for the following among other reasons. ( a ) The psalm fits in with the experience of a ship-wrecked mariner who has reached the shore, rather than with the situation ascribed to Jonah (  Jonah 2:3-6 ); ( b ) it has been aptly described as ‘a cento of passages from the psalms’ (there are echoes of passages in   Psalms 3:1-8;   Psalms 18:1-50;   Psalms 30:1-12;   Psalms 31:1-24;   Psalms 42:1-11;   Psalms 50:1-23;   Psalms 116:1-19;   Psalms 120:1-7;   Psalms 142:1-7 ), which implies that the writer had a considerable part of our present Psalter before him, and so points to the study rather than the belly of a fish.

(3) Date and Authorship . The book used to be regarded as Jonah’s composition, but that belief is now generally abandoned except in the Roman Catholic Church. Since Nineveh is clearly referred to as no longer standing: ‘Now Nineveh was an exceeding great city’ (  Jonah 3:3 ), the terminus a quo cannot be placed earlier than about b.c. 600 (fall of Nineveh b.c. 606). The terminus ad quem is fixed by the mention of the Twelve Prophets in Sirach ( Sir 49:10 ), c [Note: circa, about.] . b.c. 200. The date therefore lies between 600 and 200. For closer definition the following facts are helpful. The anonymous reference to the Assyrian king, and perhaps the description of him as ‘the king of Nineveh’ (  Jonah 3:6 ), suggests a considerable interval between Assyrian times and the composition of the book. The Heb. is distinctly late. There are several indications of Aramaic influence: sephînâh ‘ship’ a word common to Aramaic and Arabic, found here only in the Ot; shâthaq ‘be calm’; ta‘am ‘decree’; hith‘ashshçth in the sense of ‘think’; minnâh ‘prepare,’ ‘appoint,’ etc. Had it been possible to assign the book to the 8th or the 9th cent. b.c., these phenomena might have been accounted for on the assumption of Aramaic influence on a Galilæan dialect, but as that date is out of the question, they point to a much later period, the 4th or 5th cent. (König, Driver, E. Kautzsch, Budde, Cheyne), c [Note: circa, about.] . b.c. 300 (Marti). Cheyne puts the psalm as late as the prayer in the appendix to Sirach. It has been suggested that the book is an extract from a larger work, e.g. the ‘commentary of the book of the kings’ referred to in   2 Chronicles 24:27 , as it begins: ‘Now (Heb. wa- ) the word of the Lord came to Jonah’; but other historical Heb. writings begin in the same abrupt manner.

(4) Interpretation . The ancient Jews seem to have regarded the book as historical ( 3Ma 6:8 , Tob 14:4-8; Jos. [Note: Josephus.] Ant. Ix. x. 2), and were followed by Christian interpreters. Modern scholars are greatly divided. Archdeacon Perowne, J. Kennedy, and Clay Trumbull have defended the old view. Kleinert, König, C. H. H. Wright, G. A. Smith, and Cheyne treat the book as an allegory of the fortunes of the people. Jonah, ‘the dove,’ represents Israel. Jonah the prophet stands for Israel, which was to prophesy amongst the nations. The sea figures the destruction which repeatedly fell on Israel. Cheyne supplements the symbolical key by the mythological. The fish (that is the dragon, the subterranean sea) refers to Babylon, which swallowed Israel, not to destroy it but to give room for repentance; and the link between Jonah and the original myth is found in   Jeremiah 51:34-44 . E. Kautzsch, Driver, Nowack, and Marti see in the story a didactic narrative founded on an ancient tradition.

(5) Teaching . The prominence given by Christian expositors to the incident of the fish has tended to obscure the chief aim of the writing to protest against the narrowness of thought and sympathy which prevailed among the Jews of the time, and was daily growing in intensity. Whoever the author was, he had higher thoughts about God than most of his contemporaries, perhaps it may even be said than any other of the writers of the Ot, and entertained more charitable feelings towards the Gentile world than most of his people. The God of Israel, he believed, cared for all men. Penitent Gentiles, and many in Gentile circles, were ready to repent if only they were taught; could obtain pardon as readily as penitent Jews. Nay, Jahweb sought their repentance. Nowhere in pre-Christian literature can be found a broader, purer, loftier, tenderer conception of God than in this little anonymous Heb. tract. Cornill describes it as ‘one of the deepest and grandest things ever written.’ ‘I should like,’ he adds, ‘to exclaim to any one who approaches it: “Put thy shoes from off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground.” ’ How high the teaching of the book rose above later Judaism, say the Judaism of the time of Christ, and the following generation, is strikingly shown by the way in which it is summarized by Josephus ( Ant. Ix. x. 2). There is not a word there about the penitence of the Ninevites, or God’s remonstrance with Jonah. The main lesson of the book is absolutely ignored by the proud Pharisaic priest. Another leading thought of the book is the duty of Israel to make its God known to the Gentiles.

(6) The book in the Synagogue and the Church . It is said in the Mishna ( Ta‘anith , ii. 1) that the ritual of a public fast in time of drought included reference by the leader of the congregation to the Book of Jonah, and it has been used from ancient times to the present day in the ceremonial of the Day of Atonement. Christians were early attracted to it by the remarkable allusions in the Gospels:   Matthew 12:32 ff;   Matthew 16:4 ,   Luke 11:29-32 . The reference to the entombment in the fish is in Mt. only. The allusion to the repentance of the Ninevites is in both Mt. and Lk. The significance of the former has been much debated, and some have regarded it as a proof of the historicity of the Ot narrative. That in no way follows. Our Lord found the story in the Scriptures, and appealed to it as something generally known to His hearers. His use of it fastened on the imagination of the early Christians, and led them to take great interest in the whole Book of Jonah. The remains of early Christian art in catacomb paintings, on sarcophagi, lamps, glasses, etc., include a very large number of pictures which have some part of the story of Jonah for their theme. Dr. Otto Mitius, who published a monograph on the subject in 1897, has noted 177 examples. The oldest, in the Catacomb of S. Callisto, may date from the 1st century.

(7) Parallels to Jonah. Attention has often been called to the classical myths of Andromeda and Hesione, the scene of the former of which is laid in the neighbourhood of Joppa, but reference to them, even indirectly, is improbable. Nor is it likely that the Heb. writer had in mind a dragon myth of Babylonia. A really striking parallel to part of the first chapter (  Jonah 1:7-15 ) was noted by a German scholar in 1896 in Buddhistic literature. A young man of Benares named Mittavindaka, the son of a merchant, went to sea in defiance of his mother’s objection. When after a time the vessel was unable to proceed on its course, owing to some mysterious impediment, the sailors concluded that it must be through the sin of some one on board, and therefore cast lots to discover the offender. The lots were cast three times, and each time the lot fell to Mittavindaka. As he was clearly the culprit, they turned him out of the ship, and placed him on a raft. Their ship was then able to continue the voyage. The close correspondence of this Indian story with the part of the Biblical story referred to is very remarkable, but need not point to any connexion between the two beyond community of feeling and action, under similar circumstances, of Indian and PhÅ“nician mariners.

W. Taylor Smith.

Holman Bible Dictionary [5]

The hero or rather anti-hero is mentioned in  2 Kings 14:23-29 as active in the reign of Jeroboam Ii (about 785-745 B.C.). His prediction of national expansion for the Northern Kingdom, evidently made early in the reign, expressed God's longing to save His people, wicked though they were. This theological background is important for the book.

A series of cumulative arguments suggest that the unknown author of the book be assigned to a comparatively late date, probably to the fifth century B.C., though many Bible students think the book came from about 750 B.C. Its Hebrew language is marked by Aramaic features, some of which can be paralleled only in Imperial Aramaic, current in the Persian period. There appear to be deliberate echoes of  Jeremiah 18:7-8 ,Jeremiah 18:7-8, 18:11 (  Jonah 3:8,10 ) and of the postexilic  Joel 2:13-14 (  Jonah 3:9;  4:2 ). The title “king of Nineveh” (3:6) seems to imply that the city was the capital of Assyria, which it became only at the end of the eighth century. The book appears to be loosely tied to history and presents later theological reflection.

Some have regarded the book as an allegory: Jonah then stands for Israel swallowed in Exile by the Babylonian sea monster (compare  Jeremiah 51:34 ,  Jeremiah 51:44 ). Yet God used the fish not to punish Jonah but to rescue him. Rather, the book is to be regarded as a satirical parable intended to criticize and correct its readers' attitudes (compare  2 Samuel 12:1-6;  2 Samuel 14:1-11;  Isaiah 5:1-7 ). It builds on an earlier phenomenon, as the parable in  Luke 19:11-27 builds on Archelaus' visit to Rome. The book's extraordinary features—the seemingly exaggerated size of Nineveh (3:3); Jonah's survival with a song in the fish's interior, digestive juices notwithstanding; and the suddenly appearing/disappearing plant (4:6,7)—are meant to rivet the hearers' attention and to enhance the purpose of the book. The fantastic debt in   Matthew 18:24 may be compared. Jonah is presented as a caricature of Elijah, who obeyed God the first time (  1 Kings 17:8-10;  Jonah 1:1-3;  3:1-3 ) and had reason for despair ( 1 Kings 19:4;  Jonah 4:3 ).

The two halves of the book have a dual focus, on pagans (1:4-16; 3:3b-10) and on the Israelite prophet (1:17–2:10; 4:1-11) in their respective relations to God. The portrayal of pagans in a positive light as sensitive and submissive to God's will recognizes their worth and potential in His sight. Jonah is shown to be inconsistent: after praising God for rescuing him from threat of death, he complained when God did the same for pagans. Two credal statements represent God as universal Creator (1:9) and as Preserver of the lives of pagans in an extension of His covenant grace (4:2; compare  Exodus 34:6;  Psalm 145:8-9 ,Psalms 145:8-9, 145:15-16 ). He so loves the world: the book has a pre-missionary role in defining a theological truth, God's relation to the world outside the sheepfold of faith. Even the Assyrians' later destruction of Israel ( 2 Kings 17:1 ) and their tyrannical imperialism ( 2 Kings 18:22-24;  Nahum 3:1-4 ,  Nahum 3:19 ), which the book appears to presuppose, could not debar them from God's loving concern for their survival.

In the Gospels, especially at  Matthew 12:40 , Jonah's stay in the fish (1:17) is represented as a type of Jesus' brief confinement to the grave. Exegetically the fish is the means of God's rescue of the prophet from drowning. In Jewish exposition the incident was given a negative interpretation as a threat from which Jonah had to be saved. Jesus reflected this contemporary understanding: His concern was to teach about His mission rather than to exegete the book.

Outline

I. People with Bad Reputations Can Be Pious and Know God (1:1-16).

Ii. God Hears the Distress Calls of His People (1:17–2:10).

Iii. God in His Compassion Turns Away from Judgment When Any People Repent (3:1-10).

Iv. God's People Should Mirror God's Compassion for All People (4:1-11).

Leslie C. Allen

Morrish Bible Dictionary [6]

Son of Amittai and the prophet of Gath-hepher (in Galilee: cf.  John 7:52 ). His prophecy is in the main the history of himself. It shows that the prophet embodied in himself the testimony of God through Israel to the Gentiles (comp.  Matthew 24:14 ), and also the important fact that God regards the contrition and turning from evil of a city or nation. Jonah was directed to go and cry against that great city Nineveh; but instead of obeying, he fled from the presence of the Lord. He himself tells us why he fled — he knew Jehovah was gracious  : if he foretold the destruction of the city, and God spared it, he would lose his reputation.  Jonah 4:2 . It was the same with Israel: they could not bear grace being shown to the Gentiles: cf.  Acts 13:45;  1 Thessalonians 2:16 . Jonah was God's servant, but unfaithful: his unfaithfulness brought him into the depths of judgement, but he then embodied in his own person the truth of the testimony he proclaimed, and yet while proclaiming the judgement, he was unprepared for the extension of mercy to the Gentiles. God stopped him in his course, and though he slept, the sailors called him to account. After praying to their gods, they drew lots and the lot fell on Jonah. He had to confess he was fleeing from Jehovah, the God of heaven who made the sea and the dry land. Thus Jehovah was made known to those Gentile seamen. They cried unto Him not to lay the blood of Jonah upon them, and they cast him into the sea. They feared Jehovah exceedingly, offered a sacrifice to Him and made vows. In like manner the obduracy of the Jews only opened the door wider for grace to go to the Gentiles.

 Jonah 2 . God prepared a great fish to swallow Jonah, for he was His servant. When in the depths he cried to Jehovah, "out of the belly of Sheol:" as the remnant of Israel will plead when they feel that the sentence of death is passed upon them. Salvation is of the Lord. Jonah was raised out of death, as the Lord was raised after being in the grave; and as Israel will arise out of the dust of the earth: cf.  Daniel 12:2 .

 Jonah 3 . A second time Jonah receives his commission. God will not set His purpose aside because of the failure of His servant. Jonah now obeyed, and proclaimed "Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown." The king called for a fast, put on sackcloth, and ordered all to do the same, and even to clothe the beasts with sackcloth, and he commanded all to turn away from their evil ways. God saw that the repentance was real, and He turned from the destruction that was predicted. See Nineveh.

 Jonah 4 . God's clemency greatly displeased Jonah, and he was very angry; what would become of his reputation? In his prayer he repeated what he had at first said to himself about the grace of God. He asked God to take away his life: how could he be a prophet to such a God? Alas, he was filled with his own importance. As he watched to see what would become of the city, God prepared a gourd to give him shade from the heat of the sun, and he rejoiced over the gourd; but the next day it withered, and under the power of the sun and the east wind he fainted, and again asked to die. He said to God that he did well to be angry about the gourd, but God condescended to reason with him, saying that as Jonah had had pity on the gourd which cost him nothing; so God had had pity on Nineveh, a city with more than 120,000 inhabitants who knew not their right hand from their left, besides very much cattle.

We may hope that Jonah humbled himself ere being used by the Spirit to write his own history — a history which shows what the heart of even a servant of God was, and the means employed by God to teach him. Jonah is once spoken of elsewhere as having prophesied of events which came to pass in the days of Jeroboam 2. This places Jonah as one of the earliest of the Minor Prophets.  2 Kings 14:25 . He is called JONASin the N.T. where a contrast is drawn between the Ninevites repenting at the preaching of Jonah, and the Jews not repenting though a greater than Jonah was then among them. Allusion is also made to Jonah being in the fish's belly as a type of the Lord's burial 'in the heart of the earth.'  Matthew 12:39-41;  Matthew 16:4;  Luke 11:29-32 .

Smith's Bible Dictionary [7]

Jo'nah. (dove). Jonah, the fifth of the minor prophets, was the son of Amittai, and a native of Gath-hepher.  2 Kings 14:25. He flourished in or before the reign of Jeroboam Ii, about B.C. 820. Having already, as it seems, prophesied to Israel, he was sent to Nineveh. The time was one of political revival in Israel; but ere long, the Assyrians were to be employed by God as a scourge upon them.

The prophet shrank from a commission, which he felt sure would result,  Jonah 4:2, in the sparing of a hostile city. He attempted, therefore, to escape to Tarshish. The providence of God, however, watched over him, first in a storm, and then in his being swallowed by a large fish, (a sea monster, probably the white shark), for the space of three days and three nights. [On this subject, see article Whale . ]

After his deliverance, Jonah executed his commission; and the king, "believing him to be a minister from the supreme deity of the nation," and having heard of his miraculous deliverance, ordered a general fast, and averted the threatened judgment.

But the prophet, not from personal but national feelings, grudged the mercy shown to a heathen nation. He was, therefore, taught by the significant lesson of the "gourd," whose growth and decay brought the truth at once home to him, that he was sent to testify by deed, as other prophets would afterward testify by word, the capacity of Gentiles for salvation, and the design of God to make them partakers of it.

This was "the sign of the prophet Jonas."  Luke 11:29-30. But the resurrection of Christ itself was also shadowed forth, in the history of the prophet.  Matthew 12:39;  Matthew 12:41;  Matthew 16:4. The mission of Jonah was highly symbolical. The facts contained a concealed prophecy. The old tradition made the burial-place of Jonah to be Gath-hepher; the modern tradition places it at Nebi-Yunus , opposite Mosul.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary [8]

One of the minor prophets, was a native of Gath-hepher, in Zebulun,  2 Kings 14:25 . Being ordered of God to prophesy against Ninevah, probably in or before the reign of Jeroboam 2, which begun 825 B. C., he endeavored to avoid the command by embarking at Joppa for Tarshish, in order to fly as far as possible in the opposite direction. But being overtaken by a storm, he was thrown overboard at his own request, and miraculously preserved by being swallowed by a large fish. See Whale . Several Greek and Roman legends seem to have been borrowed from this source. After three days, typical of our Savior's stay in the tomb, the fish cast Jonah out upon the shore; the word of the Lord a second time directed him to go to Nineveh, and he obeyed. The allusions of the narrative to the vast extent and population of this city, are confirmed by other ancient accounts and by modern investigations. See Nineveh . At the warning word of the prophet, the Ninevites repented, and the destruction threatened was postponed; but the feelings of Jonah at seeing his predictions unfulfilled and the enemies of God's people spared, rendered necessary a further exercise of the forbearance of God. See Gourd .

The literal truth of the narrative is established by our Savior's repeated quotations,  Matthew 12:39-41   16:4   Luke 11:29-32 . It is highly instructive, as showing that the providential government of God extends to all heathen nations, and that his grace has never been confined to his covenant people.

Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary [9]

son of Amittai, the fifth of the minor prophets, was born at Gathhepher, in Galilee. He is generally considered as the most ancient of the prophets, and is supposed to have lived B.C. 840. The book of Jonah is chiefly narrative. He relates that he was commanded by God to go to Ninevah, and preach against the inhabitants of that capital of the Assyrian empire; that, through fear of executing this commission, he set sail for Tarshish; and that, in his voyage thither, a tempest arising, he was cast by the mariners into the sea, and swallowed by a large fish; that, while he was in the belly of this fish, he prayed to God, and was, after three days and three nights, delivered out of it alive; that he then received a second command to go and preach against Nineveh, which he obeyed; that, upon his threatening the destruction of the city within forty days, the king and people proclaimed a fast, and repented of their sins; and that, upon this repentance, God suspended the sentence which he had ordered to be pronounced in his name. Upon their repentance, God deferred the execution of his judgment till the increase of their iniquities made them ripe for destruction, about a hundred and fifty years afterward. The last chapter gives an account of the murmuring of Jonah at this instance of divine mercy, and of the gentle and condescending manner in which it pleased God to reprove the prophet for his unjust complaint. The style of Jonah is simple and perspicuous; and his prayer, in the second chapter, is strongly descriptive of the feelings of a pious mind under a severe trial of faith. Our Saviour mentions Jonah in the Gospel,  Matthew 12:41;  Luke 11:32 . See Nineveh and See Gourd .

People's Dictionary of the Bible [10]

Jonah (jô'nah ), dove. The fifth of the minor prophets; was the son of Amittai, and a native of Gath-hepher.  2 Kings 14:25. He flourished in or before the reign of Jeroboam Ii., about b.c. 820. His story is related in the book that bears his Dame. Christ tells of "the sign of the prophet Jonah."  Luke 11:29-30. But the resurrection of Christ itself was also shadowed forth in the history of the prophet.  Matthew 12:39;  Matthew 12:41;  Matthew 16:4. The mission of Jonah was highly symbolical. The old tradition made the burial place of Jonah to be Gath-hepher; the modern tradition places it at Nebi-Yunus, opposite Mosul.

Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary [11]

The son of Amittai the prophet. His history we have incorporated with his writings. If there were no other cause to recommend Jonah to the attention of the church, than his being declared by Christ himself to have been his type, this were enough. And how striking a one it is, the most inattentive reader can hardly fail to observe. On the subject of the Gourd, I believe that the general opinion of all travellers hath been, that it was the same as is called at Aleppo, the Polma Christi. Its growth is said to have been so rapid, that the Kekajon, for so it is called, will send out shoots, in the compass of a night, near four inches. In the margin of our Bibles it is called, "the son of the night," to intimate its quick progress, and consequently its short duration.

Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types [12]

 Matthew 12:40 (a) This figure is used by the Lord as a type of Himself in that He was to be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth, as Jonah was three days and three nights in the whale's belly.

Also a type of the believer who, being given a commission by God, seeks to avoid it and evade it, but eventually is brought back into GOD's path (  Jonah 3:3).

Also a type of Israel the nation now scattered among the nations but who will be cast out by them so they may return to their own land. (  Jonah 1:17).

Webster's Dictionary [13]

(n.) The Hebrew prophet, who was cast overboard as one who endangered the ship; hence, any person whose presence is unpropitious.

Easton's Bible Dictionary [14]

 2 Kings 14:25-27

Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature [15]

Jo´nah (a dove), the fifth in order of the Minor Prophets. No era is assigned to him in the book of his prophecy, yet there is little doubt of his being the same person who is spoken of in . His birthplace was Gath-hepher, in the tribe of Zebulon. Jonah flourished in or before the reign of Jeroboam Ii, and predicted the successful conquests, enlarged territory, and brief prosperity of the Israelitish kingdom under that monarch's sway.

The book of Jonah contains an account of the prophet's commission to denounce Nineveh, and of his refusal to undertake the embassy—of the method he employed to escape the unwelcome task [[[Tarshish],]] and the miraculous means which God used to curb his self-willed spirit, and subdue his petulant and querulous disposition. The third and fourth chapters briefly detail Jonah's fulfillment of the divine command, and present us with another exemplification of his refractory temper. His attempt to flee from the presence of the Lord must have sprung from a partial insanity, produced by the excitement of distracting motives in an irascible and melancholy heart. The temerity and folly of the fugitive could scarcely be credited, if they had not been equaled by future outbreaks of a similar peevish and morbid infatuation. The mind of Jonah was dark and moody, not unlike a lake which mirrors in the waters the gloomy thunderclouds which overshadow it, and flash over its sullen waves a momentary gleam.

The history of Jonah is certainly striking and extraordinary. Its characteristic prodigy does not resemble the other miraculous phenomena recorded in Scripture; yet we must believe in its literal occurrence, as the Bible affords no indication of its being a mythus, allegory, or parable. On the other hand, our Savior's pointed and peculiar allusion to it is a presumption of its reality . The opinion of the earlier Jews is also in favor of the literality of the adventure. It requires less faith to credit this simple excerpt from Jonah's biography, than to believe the numerous hypotheses that have been invented to deprive it of its supernatural character, the great majority of them being clumsy and farfetched, doing violence to the language, and despite to the spirit of revelation. In vindication of the reality of this striking narrative, it may be argued that the allusions of Christ to Old Testament events on similar occasions are to actual occurrences ; that the purpose which God had in view justified his miraculous interposition; that this miracle must have had a salutary effect both on the minds of the Ninevites and on the people of Israel. Neither is the character of Jonah improbable. Many reasons might induce him to avoid the discharge of his prophetic duty—fear of being thought a false prophet, scorn of a foreign and hostile race, desire for their utter destruction, a false dignity which might reckon it beneath his prerogative to officiate among uncircumcised idolaters. Some, who cannot altogether reject the reality of the narrative, suppose it to have had an historical basis, though its present form is fanciful or mythical. Grimm regards it as a dream produced in that sleep which fell upon Jonah as he lay on the sides of the ship, and others regard this book as an allegory.

Various other hypotheses have been proposed which are all vague and baseless, and do not merit a special refutation. Endeavoring to free us from one difficulty they plunge us into others yet more intricate and perplexing. Much profane wit has been expended on the miraculous means of Jonah's deliverance, very unnecessarily and very absurdly; it is simply said, 'The Lord had prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah.' Now the species of marine animal is not defined, and the original word is often used to specify, not the genus whale, but any large fish or sea-monster. All objections to its being a whale which lodged Jonah in its stomach from its straitness of throat, or rareness of haunt in the Mediterranean, are thus removed. The Scripture speaks only of an enormous fish, which under God's direction swallowed the prophet, and does not point out the species to which the voracious prowler belonged. Since the days of Bochart it has been a common opinion that the fish was of the shark species or 'sea-dog.' Entire human bodies have been found in some fishes of this kind. The stomach, too, has no influence on any living substance admitted into it. Granting all these facts as proof of what is termed the economy of miracles, still must we say, in reference to the supernatural preservation of Jonah, Is anything too hard for the Lord?

On what portion of the coast Jonah was set down in safety we are not informed. The prophet proceeded, on receiving a second commission, to fulfill it. The fearful menace had the desired effect. The city humbled itself before God, and a respite was vouchsafed. The king (Pul, according to Usher) and his people fasted, and their penitence was accepted. The spirit of Jonah was chafed that the doom he had uttered was not executed. He retired to a station out of the city whence he might witness the threatened catastrophe. Under the shadow of a gourd prepared by God he reclined, while Jehovah taught him by the growth and speedy death of this plant, and his attachment to it, a sublime lesson of patient and forgiving generosity. The book of Jonah is a simple narrative, with the exception of the prayer or thanksgiving in Jonah 2. Its style and mole of narration are uniform. There are no traces of compilation, as Nactigall supposed; neither is the prayer, as De Wette imagines, improperly borrowed from some other sources. That prayer contains, indeed, not only imagery peculiar to itself, but also such imagery as at once was suggested to the mind of a pious Hebrew preserved in circumstances of extreme jeopardy. On this principle we account for the similarity of some portions of its phraseology to Psalms 59, 42, etc. The language in both places had been hallowed by frequent usage, and had become the consecrated idiom of a distressed and succored Israelite. The hymn seems to have been composed after his deliverance, and the reason why his deliverance is noted after the hymn is recorded may be to show the occasion of its composition.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [16]

jō´na ( יונה , yōnāh , "dove"; Ἰωνάς , Iōnás ):

(1) According to  2 Kings 14:25 , Jonah, the son of Amittai, of Gath-hepher, a prophet and servant of Yahweh, predicted the restoration of the land of Israel to its ancient boundaries through the efforts of Jeroboam Ii. The prophet lived and labored either in the early part of the reign of Jeroboam (790-750 Bc), or during the preceding generation. He may with great probability be placed at 800-780 Bc. His early ministry must have made him popular in Israel; for he prophesied of victory and expansion of territory. His native village of Gath-hepher was located in the territory of Zebulun ( Joshua 19:13 ).

(2) According to the book bearing his name, Jonah the son of Amittai received a command to preach to Nineveh; but he fled in the opposite direction to escape from the task of proclaiming Yahweh's message to the great heathen city; was arrested by a storm, and at his own request was hurled into the sea, where he was swallowed by a great fish, remaining alive in the belly of the fish for three days. When on his release from the body of the fish the command to go to Nineveh was renewed, Jonah obeyed and announced the overthrow of the wicked city. When the men of Nineveh repented at the preaching of the prophet, God repented of the evil He had threatened to bring upon them. Jonah was grieved that the oppressing city should be spared, and waited in the vicinity to see what would be the final outcome. An intense patriot, Jonah wished for the destruction of the people that threatened to swallow up Israel. He thought that Yahweh was too merciful to the heathen oppressors. By the lesson of the gourd he was taught the value of the heathen in the sight of Yahweh.

It is the fashion now in scholarly circles to treat the Book of Jonah as fiction. The story is said to be an allegory or a parable or a symbolic narrative. Why then did the author fasten upon a true and worthy prophet of Yahweh the stigma of rebellion and narrowness? On theory that the narrative is an allegory, J. Kennedy well says that "the man who wrote it was guilty of a gratuitous insult to the memory of a prophet, and could not have been inspired by the prophet's Master thus to dishonor a faithful servant."

(3) our Lord referred on two different occasions to the sign of Jonah the prophet ( Matthew 12:38-41;  Luke 11:29-32;  Matthew 16:4 ). He speaks of Jonah's experience in the belly of the fish as parallel with His own approaching entombment for three days, and cites the repentance of the Ninevites as a rebuke to the unbelieving men of his own generation. Our Lord thus speaks both of the physical miracle of the preservation of Jonah in the body of the fish and of the moral miracle of the repentance of the Ninevites, and without the slightest hint that He regarded the story as an allegory.

The Nuttall Encyclopedia [17]

A Hebrew prophet, who, born in Gathhepher, belonged to the northern kingdom of Israel; prophesied in the reign of Jeroboam Ii., and whose special mission it was, at the bidding of the Lord, to preach repentance to the people of Nineveh; his book, which records his mission and the story of it, written apparently, as by God's dealings with the Ninevites he had himself been, to admonish the Jews that the heathen nations whom they regarded as God's enemies were as much the objects of His mercy as themselves.

Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature [18]

Bibliography Information McClintock, John. Strong, James. Entry for 'Jonah'. Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/tce/j/jonah.html. Harper & Brothers. New York. 1870.

References

  1. ↑ Jonah from Bridgeway Bible Dictionary
  2. ↑ Jonah from Fausset's Bible Dictionary
  3. ↑ Jonah from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament
  4. ↑ Jonah from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
  5. ↑ Jonah from Holman Bible Dictionary
  6. ↑ Jonah from Morrish Bible Dictionary
  7. ↑ Jonah from Smith's Bible Dictionary
  8. ↑ Jonah from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary
  9. ↑ Jonah from Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary
  10. ↑ Jonah from People's Dictionary of the Bible
  11. ↑ Jonah from Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary
  12. ↑ Jonah from Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
  13. ↑ Jonah from Webster's Dictionary
  14. ↑ Jonah from Easton's Bible Dictionary
  15. ↑ Jonah from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature
  16. ↑ Jonah from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
  17. ↑ Jonah from The Nuttall Encyclopedia
  18. ↑ Jonah from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
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