Surname

Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament

(1) Those derived from the name of a place.-In the NT seven persons bear the name of Ἰούδας, the Greek equivalent of יְהוּרָה. Among these are an ancestor of Jesus,13[Note: 3  Luke 3:30.]Judas of Damascus,14[Note:  Acts 9:11.]Judas or Jude, a brother of Jesus,15[Note: 5 Matthew 13:55,  Mark 6:3.]Judas distinguished as ‘not Iscariot,’16[Note:  John 14:22.]probably the same as Judas Ιακώβου,17[Note: 7  Luke 6:16,  Acts 1:13.]and Judas Barsabbas, who has already been noticed. But of the seven the most notable is Judas the traitor. In regard to his surname, scholars are now practically agreed that the term translated ‘Iscariot’ is the Greek for אִישׁקְרִיוֹת.18[Note: 8 But see W. B. Smith, in HJ ix. [1911] 531, 892.] The reading ἀπὸ Καρυώτου19[Note:  John 6:71, à 12:4, 13:2, 26, 14:22, all of D.]clearly indicates a place. If a place be meant, what is its correct designation? The Manuscriptsoscillate between Σκαρυώθ,20[Note:  Mark 3:9,  Luke 6:16, both in D, and  John 6:71 in BCGL.]Ἰσκαριώθ,21[Note:  Mark 3:9 in BCL,  Luke 6:16 in BL,  Matthew 10:4 in C.]Σκαριώτης,22[Note:  Matthew 10:4 in D.]and Ἰσκαριώτης,23[Note:  Matthew 10:4, etc., also the readings in à and D noted under 19.]but the reading Ἰσκαριώτης seems clearly preferable.24[Note: 4 E. Nestle and F. H. Chase, ExpT ix. 140, 189, 240, 285.]Kerioth can scarcely be קְרִיוֹת of Moab,25[Note: 5  Jeremiah 48:24;  Jeremiah 48:41,  Amos 2:2.]and is much more likely to be ק־חָצְרוֹן of Judah,26[Note:  Joshua 15:25, HJ ix. 531.]meaning the twin cities or twin fortresses. It is identified with a place variously spelt Kuryetein,27[Note: 7 E. Robinson, Biblical Researches in Palestine, 3 vols., London, 1841, ii. 472.]Kuryezein,28[Note: 8 E. H. Palmer, The Desert of the Exodus , 2 vols., Cambridge, 1871, map to vol. ii.]and Karjetein,29[Note: 9 HDB ii. 836.]4½; miles to the N.W. of Arad. Conder, indeed, founding upon the reading in D of  John 12:4, etc., ἀπὸ Καρυώτου, thinks that the place indicated is Ischar, which (according to the Samaritan Chronicle) was the old name of the present Askar, near Jacob’s well, the Sychar of  John 4:5. In that case Judas most probably was a Samaritan.30[Note: 0 PEFSt, April 1905, p. 157; HDB iv. 635.]The reference to the

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Bibliography Information Hastings, James. Entry for 'Surname'. Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/hdn/s/surname.html. 1906-1918.

Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words

1: Ἐπικαλέω (Strong'S #1941 — Verb — epikaleo — ep-ee-kal-eh'-om-ahee )

"to put a name upon" (epi, "upon," kaleo, "to call"), "to surname," is used in this sense in the Passive Voice, in some texts in  Matthew 10:3 (it is absent in the best); in   Luke 22:3 , in some texts (the best have kaleo, "to call");  Acts 1:23;  4:36;  10:5,18,32;  11:13;  12:12,25; in some texts,  Acts 15:22 (the best have kaleo).

 Mark 3:16,17 Acts 15:37 Romans 2:17

King James Dictionary

SUR'NAME, n. L. super and nomen.

1. An additional name a name or appellation added to the baptismal or christian name,and which becomes a family name. Surnames, with us, originally designated occupation, estate, place of residence, or some particular thing or event that related to the person. Thus William Rufus or red Edmund Ironsides Robert Smith,or the smith William Turner. 2. An appellation added to the original name.

My surname Coriolanus.

Webster's Dictionary

(1): ( v. t.) To name or call by an appellation added to the original name; to give a surname to.

(2): ( n.) An appellation added to the original name; an agnomen.

(3): ( n.) A name or appellation which is added to, or over and above, the baptismal or Christian name, and becomes a family name.

Morrish Bible Dictionary

In scripture this means an additional or added name, not a family name, as the word now implies. Isaiah 44:5;  Isaiah 45:4;  Matthew 10:3 :  Mark 3:16,17; etc.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sûr´nām ( כּנה , kānāh  ; ἐπικαλεῖν , epikaleı́n ): A word derived from the French., meaning "an additional name"; in modern English always the family name of a person. Indeed, the spelling "surname" in the King James Version   1 Maccabees 1:10;  2:2;  6:43 may be due to a confusion with "sire's name." But the custom of family names was entirely unknown among the Hebrews. The word is used twice in the King James Version of the Old Testament, namely,   Isaiah 44:5;  Isaiah 45:4 . The Hebrew word means "to give flattering or honorary titles." In the former passage foreigners are so envious of the prosperity of the Jews that they are anxious to be surnamed by the name of Israel, i.e. to be enrolled as members of the Jewish nation. In the latter case Yahweh gives Cyrus an honorary title, namely, "servant of Yahweh," and thus appoints him to be His instrument in the restoration of His people. The same word is rendered in  Job 32:21 , the King James Version "give flattering titles." Elihu declares his intention to examine the situation without fear or favor. He will not allow such high-sounding titles as "Your Worship" or "My Lord" to stand in his way. He will not be overawed by Job's social position. In the New Testament the word is used in the case of Peter - S imon whose surname is Peter (  Acts 10:5 ,  Acts 10:32;  Acts 11:13 ); of Mark - J ohn whose surname was Mark (  Acts 12:12 ,  Acts 12:25;  Acts 15:37 ); of Judas - surnamed Iscariot (  Luke 22:3 ); of Barsabbas - who was surnamed Justus (  Acts 1:23 ); and of Judas - surnamed Barsabbas (  Acts 15:22 ). It was a widespread custom in the ancient world to give honorary and symbolical titles. our Lord surnamed Simon Peter (  Mark 3:16 ), and James and John Boanerges (  Mark 3:17 ).  Acts 15:37 the King James Version has "surname" for the simple "call" (so the Revised Version (British and American)).

Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature

Names were at first expressive, as those of Scripture. According to Du Cange, surnames were originally written, not after the Christian-name, but above it, and so were "supernomina" over names. The first or Christian name is usually given at baptism. Hereditary surnames did not exist in England till after the Norman Conquest. They are taken from locality, as Field or Forest from occupation, as Fisher or Miller, Pilgrim or Palmer; from personal qualities, as Black or Brown; from natural objects, as. Lemon or Lamb, Peel or Hog, Steel or Jewel, etc. As distinct from the surname, the sirname or sire's name is a natural addition, with son, Mac, or Fitz, O, ap, wich, or sky (all signifying son); as Donaldson or Macdonald, Fitzgerald, O'Connell, Alexandrowich, Petrousky ap Howel becoming Powel, and ap Richard becoming Prichard.