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== Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_35412" /> == | == Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_35412" /> == | ||
<p> As the women veiled their faces, not to do so was a mark of shamelessness; "thou hadst a whore's forehead" ( Jeremiah 3:3). The forehead is made the seat of boldness of speech and act ( Ezekiel 3:7-9): "the house of [[Israel]] are stiff of forehead ... against their foreheads as an adamant harder than flint have I made thy forehead." Votaries of idols branded themselves with the idol's symbol. So [[Antiochus]] [[Epiphanes]] branded the [[Jews]] with the ivy leaf, Bacchus' symbol ( 2 [[Maccabees]] 6:7; 3 Maccabees 2:29). God's seal and name are in the foreheads of His servants, the conspicuous, noblest part of man's body, the seat of the understanding, whereon the helmet, "the hope of salvation," is worn ( Ezekiel 9:4). </p> <p> At the Exodus the mark was on the houses, for then it was families; here it is on the foreheads, for it is individuals whose safety is guaranteed by the Lord's mark. The mark on "the right hand and forehead" of the worshippers of the beast ( Revelation 13:16) implies prostration of body and intellect to him. "In the forehead for possession, in the hand for work and service." God's name shall be "in the saints' foreheads." Their sonship shall no longer be a personal secret between them and God ( Revelation 3:17), but shall be openly ( Revelation 22:4) visible to all citizens of New Jerusalem's that the free flow of mutual love among Christ's family will not be checked by suspicion as here. </p> <p> Upon the harlot's (the apostate church) forehead was written " | <p> As the women veiled their faces, not to do so was a mark of shamelessness; "thou hadst a whore's forehead" ( Jeremiah 3:3). The forehead is made the seat of boldness of speech and act ( Ezekiel 3:7-9): "the house of [[Israel]] are stiff of forehead ... against their foreheads as an adamant harder than flint have I made thy forehead." Votaries of idols branded themselves with the idol's symbol. So [[Antiochus]] [[Epiphanes]] branded the [[Jews]] with the ivy leaf, Bacchus' symbol ( 2 [[Maccabees]] 6:7; 3 Maccabees 2:29). God's seal and name are in the foreheads of His servants, the conspicuous, noblest part of man's body, the seat of the understanding, whereon the helmet, "the hope of salvation," is worn ( Ezekiel 9:4). </p> <p> At the Exodus the mark was on the houses, for then it was families; here it is on the foreheads, for it is individuals whose safety is guaranteed by the Lord's mark. The mark on "the right hand and forehead" of the worshippers of the beast ( Revelation 13:16) implies prostration of body and intellect to him. "In the forehead for possession, in the hand for work and service." God's name shall be "in the saints' foreheads." Their sonship shall no longer be a personal secret between them and God ( Revelation 3:17), but shall be openly ( Revelation 22:4) visible to all citizens of New Jerusalem's that the free flow of mutual love among Christ's family will not be checked by suspicion as here. </p> <p> Upon the harlot's (the apostate church) forehead was written [["Mystery, Babylon The Great, The Mother Of Harlots And Abominations Of The Earth"]] What a contrast to the inscription on the mitre on the high priest's forehead, [["Holiness To The Lord"]] ( Revelation 17:5; Exodus 28:36). In Ezekiel 16:12, "a jewel on thy forehead," rather "a ring in thy nose" ( Isaiah 3:21). However, [[Persian]] and [[Egyptian]] women often wear jewels and strings of coins across the forehead. </p> | ||
== Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_40182" /> == | == Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_40182" /> == | ||
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== Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_77738" /> == | == Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_77738" /> == | ||
<div> '''1: | <div> '''1: '''''Μέτωπον''''' ''' (Strong'S #3359 Noun Neuter metopon met'-o-pon ) </div> <p> from meta, "with," and ops, "an eye," occurs only in the Apocalypse, 7:3; 9:4; 13:16; 14:1,9; 17:5; 20:4; 22:4. </p> | ||
== Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_31553" /> == | == Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_31553" /> == | ||
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== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_3751" /> == | == International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_3751" /> == | ||
<p> '''''for´ed''''' ( מצח , <i> '''''mēcaḥ''''' </i> ; μέτωπον , <i> '''''métōpon''''' </i> ): </p> <p> (1) In a literal sense the word is used frequently in the Scriptures. Aaron and after him every high priest was to wear on the forehead the golden frontlet having the engraved motto, "Holy to Yahweh" ( Exodus 28:36 , Exodus 28:38 ). The condition of the forehead was an important criterion in the diagnosis of leprosy by the priest ( Leviticus 13:42 , Leviticus 13:43; 2 Chronicles 26:20 ). It was in the forehead that brave young David smote [[Goliath]] with the stone from his sling ( 1 Samuel 17:49 ). The faulty translation of the King James Version in Ezekiel 16:12 has been corrected in the Revised Version (British and American), reference being had in the passage to a nose-ring, not to an ornament of the forehead. While the cutting or tattooing of the body was strictly forbidden to the [[Israelite]] on account of the heathen associations of the custom ( Leviticus 19:28 ), we find frequent mention made of markings on the forehead, which were especially used to designate slaves (see Philo, <i> De [[Monarchia]] </i> , I) or devotees of a godhead (Lucian, De Syria Dea, 59). In 3 Macc 2:29 we read that [[Ptolemy]] [[Iv]] P hilopator branded some Jews with the sign of an ivy leaf, marking them as devotees of Bacchus-Dionysos. Possibly we may compare herewith the translation of Isaiah 44:5 (Revised Version margin): "And another shall write on his hand, [[Unto]] Yahweh" (or Yahweh's <i> slave </i> ). Very clear is the passage Ezekiel 9:4 , Ezekiel 9:6 (and perhaps Job 31:35 ), where the word used for "mark" is <i> '''''tāw''''' </i> , the name of the last letter of the [[Hebrew]] alphabet which in its earliest form has the shape of an upright plus sign (Baal [[Lebanon]] Inscr; 11th century bc) or of a lying (St Andrew's) cross X (Moabite Inscr, 9th century bc), the simplest sign in the old Israelite alphabet, and at the same time the character which in the Greek alphabet represents the X, the initial of Christ. In the New Testament we find a clear echo of the above-mentioned Old Testament passage, the marking of the foreheads of the righteous ( Revelation 7:3; Revelation 9:4; Revelation 14:1; Revelation 22:4 ). The godless followers of the beast are marked on the (right) hand and on the forehead ( Revelation 13:16; Revelation 14:9; Revelation 20:4 ), and the apocalyptic woman dressed in scarlet and purple has her name written on her forehead ( Revelation 17:5 ). </p> <p> (2) In a metaphorical sense the expression, "a harlot's forehead," is used ( Jeremiah 3:3 ) to describe the shameless apostasy and faithlessness of Israel. Ezek speaks of the stiff-necked obstinacy and the persistent unwillingness of Israel to hear the message of Yahweh: "All the house of Israel are of a hard forehead and of a stiff heart" ( Jeremiah 3:7 ), and God makes his prophet's "forehead hard ... as an adamant harder than flint," whereby an unflinching loyalty to God and a complete disregard of opposition is meant ( Jeremiah 3:8 , Jeremiah 3:9 ). Compare the phrase: "to harden the face," under the word Face . </p> | <p> ''''' for´ed ''''' ( מצח , <i> ''''' mēcaḥ ''''' </i> ; μέτωπον , <i> ''''' métōpon ''''' </i> ): </p> <p> (1) In a literal sense the word is used frequently in the Scriptures. Aaron and after him every high priest was to wear on the forehead the golden frontlet having the engraved motto, "Holy to Yahweh" ( Exodus 28:36 , Exodus 28:38 ). The condition of the forehead was an important criterion in the diagnosis of leprosy by the priest ( Leviticus 13:42 , Leviticus 13:43; 2 Chronicles 26:20 ). It was in the forehead that brave young David smote [[Goliath]] with the stone from his sling ( 1 Samuel 17:49 ). The faulty translation of the King James Version in Ezekiel 16:12 has been corrected in the Revised Version (British and American), reference being had in the passage to a nose-ring, not to an ornament of the forehead. While the cutting or tattooing of the body was strictly forbidden to the [[Israelite]] on account of the heathen associations of the custom ( Leviticus 19:28 ), we find frequent mention made of markings on the forehead, which were especially used to designate slaves (see Philo, <i> De [[Monarchia]] </i> , I) or devotees of a godhead (Lucian, De Syria Dea, 59). In 3 Macc 2:29 we read that [[Ptolemy]] [[Iv]] P hilopator branded some Jews with the sign of an ivy leaf, marking them as devotees of Bacchus-Dionysos. Possibly we may compare herewith the translation of Isaiah 44:5 (Revised Version margin): "And another shall write on his hand, [[Unto]] Yahweh" (or Yahweh's <i> slave </i> ). Very clear is the passage Ezekiel 9:4 , Ezekiel 9:6 (and perhaps Job 31:35 ), where the word used for "mark" is <i> ''''' tāw ''''' </i> , the name of the last letter of the [[Hebrew]] alphabet which in its earliest form has the shape of an upright plus sign (Baal [[Lebanon]] Inscr; 11th century bc) or of a lying (St Andrew's) cross X (Moabite Inscr, 9th century bc), the simplest sign in the old Israelite alphabet, and at the same time the character which in the Greek alphabet represents the X, the initial of Christ. In the New Testament we find a clear echo of the above-mentioned Old Testament passage, the marking of the foreheads of the righteous ( Revelation 7:3; Revelation 9:4; Revelation 14:1; Revelation 22:4 ). The godless followers of the beast are marked on the (right) hand and on the forehead ( Revelation 13:16; Revelation 14:9; Revelation 20:4 ), and the apocalyptic woman dressed in scarlet and purple has her name written on her forehead ( Revelation 17:5 ). </p> <p> (2) In a metaphorical sense the expression, "a harlot's forehead," is used ( Jeremiah 3:3 ) to describe the shameless apostasy and faithlessness of Israel. Ezek speaks of the stiff-necked obstinacy and the persistent unwillingness of Israel to hear the message of Yahweh: "All the house of Israel are of a hard forehead and of a stiff heart" ( Jeremiah 3:7 ), and God makes his prophet's "forehead hard ... as an adamant harder than flint," whereby an unflinching loyalty to God and a complete disregard of opposition is meant ( Jeremiah 3:8 , Jeremiah 3:9 ). Compare the phrase: "to harden the face," under the word Face . </p> | ||
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_40731" /> == | == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_40731" /> == | ||
<p> The custom among many Oriental nations both of coloring the face and forehead, and of impressing on the body marks indicative of devotion to some special deity or religious sect is mentioned by various writers (Burckhardt, Notes on Bed. 1:51; Niebuhr, Tray. 2:57; Wilkinson, Anc. Eg. 2:342; Lane, Modern Eg. 1:66). Sometimes it extends to serious inflictions. (See [[Cuttings In The Flesh]]). It is doubtless alluded to in Revelation ( Revelation 13:16-17; Revelation 14:9; Revelation 17:5; Revelation 20:4), and in the opposite direction by Ezekiel ( Ezekiel 9:4-6), and in Revelation ( Revelation 7:3; Revelation 9:4; Revelation 14:1; Revelation 22:4). The mark mentioned by Ezekiel with approval has been supposed by some to be the figure of the cross, said to be denoted by the word here used, | <p> The custom among many Oriental nations both of coloring the face and forehead, and of impressing on the body marks indicative of devotion to some special deity or religious sect is mentioned by various writers (Burckhardt, Notes on Bed. 1:51; Niebuhr, Tray. 2:57; Wilkinson, Anc. Eg. 2:342; Lane, Modern Eg. 1:66). Sometimes it extends to serious inflictions. (See [[Cuttings In The Flesh]]). It is doubtless alluded to in Revelation ( Revelation 13:16-17; Revelation 14:9; Revelation 17:5; Revelation 20:4), and in the opposite direction by Ezekiel ( Ezekiel 9:4-6), and in Revelation ( Revelation 7:3; Revelation 9:4; Revelation 14:1; Revelation 22:4). The mark mentioned by Ezekiel with approval has been supposed by some to be the figure of the cross, said to be denoted by the word here used, '''''תָּ Copyright Statementthese Files Are Public Domain. Bibliography Informationmcclintock, John. Strong, James. Entry For 'Forehead'. Cyclopedia Of Biblical, Theological And [[Ecclesiastical]] Literature. Https://Www.Studylight.Org/Encyclopedias/Eng/Tce/F/Forehead.Html. [[Harper]] & Brothers. New York. 1870. ''''' </p> | ||
== Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_15670" /> == | == Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_15670" /> == | ||