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Difference between revisions of "Forehead"

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== Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_35412" /> ==
== Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_35412" /> ==
<p> As the women veiled their faces, not to do so was a mark of shamelessness; "thou hadst a whore's forehead" (&nbsp;Jeremiah 3:3). The forehead is made the seat of boldness of speech and act (&nbsp;Ezekiel 3:7-9): "the house of [[Israel]] are stiff of forehead ... against their foreheads as an adamant harder than flint have [[I]] made thy forehead." Votaries of idols branded themselves with the idol's symbol. So [[Antiochus]] [[Epiphanes]] branded the [[Jews]] with the ivy leaf, Bacchus' symbol (&nbsp;2 [[Maccabees]] 6:7; 3 Maccabees 2:29). God's seal and name are in the foreheads of His servants, the conspicuous, noblest part of man's body, the seat of the understanding, whereon the helmet, "the hope of salvation," is worn (&nbsp;Ezekiel 9:4). </p> <p> At the Exodus the mark was on the houses, for then it was families; here it is on the foreheads, for it is individuals whose safety is guaranteed by the Lord's mark. The mark on "the right hand and forehead" of the worshippers of the beast (&nbsp;Revelation 13:16) implies prostration of body and intellect to him. "In the forehead for possession, in the hand for work and service." God's name shall be "in the saints' foreheads." Their sonship shall no longer be a personal secret between them and God (&nbsp;Revelation 3:17), but shall be openly (&nbsp;Revelation 22:4) visible to all citizens of New Jerusalem's that the free flow of mutual love among Christ's family will not be checked by suspicion as here. </p> <p> Upon the harlot's (the apostate church) forehead was written [["Mystery,]] [[Babylon]] [[The]] [[Great,]] [[The]] [[Mother]] [[Of]] [[Harlots]] [[And]] [[Abominations]] [[Of]] [[The]] [[Earth."]] What a contrast to the inscription on the mitre on the high priest's forehead, [["Holiness]] [[To]] [[The]] [[Lord"]] (&nbsp;Revelation 17:5; &nbsp;Exodus 28:36). In &nbsp;Ezekiel 16:12, "a jewel on thy forehead," rather "a ring in thy nose" (&nbsp;Isaiah 3:21). However, [[Persian]] and [[Egyptian]] women often wear jewels and strings of coins across the forehead. </p>
<p> As the women veiled their faces, not to do so was a mark of shamelessness; "thou hadst a whore's forehead" (&nbsp;Jeremiah 3:3). The forehead is made the seat of boldness of speech and act (&nbsp;Ezekiel 3:7-9): "the house of [[Israel]] are stiff of forehead ... against their foreheads as an adamant harder than flint have I made thy forehead." Votaries of idols branded themselves with the idol's symbol. So [[Antiochus]] [[Epiphanes]] branded the [[Jews]] with the ivy leaf, Bacchus' symbol (&nbsp;2 [[Maccabees]] 6:7; 3 Maccabees 2:29). God's seal and name are in the foreheads of His servants, the conspicuous, noblest part of man's body, the seat of the understanding, whereon the helmet, "the hope of salvation," is worn (&nbsp;Ezekiel 9:4). </p> <p> At the Exodus the mark was on the houses, for then it was families; here it is on the foreheads, for it is individuals whose safety is guaranteed by the Lord's mark. The mark on "the right hand and forehead" of the worshippers of the beast (&nbsp;Revelation 13:16) implies prostration of body and intellect to him. "In the forehead for possession, in the hand for work and service." God's name shall be "in the saints' foreheads." Their sonship shall no longer be a personal secret between them and God (&nbsp;Revelation 3:17), but shall be openly (&nbsp;Revelation 22:4) visible to all citizens of New Jerusalem's that the free flow of mutual love among Christ's family will not be checked by suspicion as here. </p> <p> Upon the harlot's (the apostate church) forehead was written "MYSTERY, [[Babylon]] THE GREAT, THE [[Mother]] OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH." What a contrast to the inscription on the mitre on the high priest's forehead, "HOLINESS TO THE LORD" (&nbsp;Revelation 17:5; &nbsp;Exodus 28:36). In &nbsp;Ezekiel 16:12, "a jewel on thy forehead," rather "a ring in thy nose" (&nbsp;Isaiah 3:21). However, [[Persian]] and [[Egyptian]] women often wear jewels and strings of coins across the forehead. </p>
          
          
== Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_40182" /> ==
== Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_40182" /> ==
<p> The [[Emblem]] of [[Holiness]] was placed on Aaron's forehead (&nbsp;Exodus 28:38 ). This symbolized acceptance before the Lord. [[A]] mark was put upon the foreheads of those in [[Jerusalem]] who mourned for the wickedness of Jerusalem. They were spared in a time of terrible judgment (&nbsp;Ezekiel 9:4 ). </p> <p> The Bible indicates that a person's character can be determined by observing the forehead. [[A]] set forehead indicates opposition, defiance, and rebellion (&nbsp;Jeremiah 3:3 ). [[Hardness]] of the forehead indicates determination to persevere (&nbsp;Isaiah 48:4; &nbsp;Ezekiel 3:8-9 ). It has been used as a representation of Satan (&nbsp;Revelation 13:16-17 ). The forehead is used as a very dishonorable word when read of the harlot's forehead (&nbsp;Jeremiah 3:3 ), indicating utter shamelessness. At the same time, it stands for courage as when God told Ezekiel that He had made the prophet's forehead harder than flint against the foreheads of the people (&nbsp;Ezekiel 3:9 ). </p> <p> In the apocalyptic literature of the New [[Testament]] the foreheads of the righteous were marked (&nbsp;Revelation 7:3; &nbsp;Revelation 9:4; &nbsp;Revelation 14:1; &nbsp;Revelation 22:4 ). The apocalyptic woman dressed in purple and scarlet had her name written on her forehead (&nbsp;Revelation 17:5 ). </p> <p> The biblical writers used the language of metaphors to describe the shameless apostasy and faithlessness of Israel (&nbsp;Jeremiah 3:3; &nbsp;Ezekiel 3:8-9 ). See [[Face]] . </p> <p> Gary [[Bonner]] </p>
<p> The [[Emblem]] of [[Holiness]] was placed on Aaron's forehead (&nbsp;Exodus 28:38 ). This symbolized acceptance before the Lord. A mark was put upon the foreheads of those in [[Jerusalem]] who mourned for the wickedness of Jerusalem. They were spared in a time of terrible judgment (&nbsp;Ezekiel 9:4 ). </p> <p> The Bible indicates that a person's character can be determined by observing the forehead. A set forehead indicates opposition, defiance, and rebellion (&nbsp;Jeremiah 3:3 ). [[Hardness]] of the forehead indicates determination to persevere (&nbsp;Isaiah 48:4; &nbsp;Ezekiel 3:8-9 ). It has been used as a representation of Satan (&nbsp;Revelation 13:16-17 ). The forehead is used as a very dishonorable word when read of the harlot's forehead (&nbsp;Jeremiah 3:3 ), indicating utter shamelessness. At the same time, it stands for courage as when God told Ezekiel that He had made the prophet's forehead harder than flint against the foreheads of the people (&nbsp;Ezekiel 3:9 ). </p> <p> In the apocalyptic literature of the New [[Testament]] the foreheads of the righteous were marked (&nbsp;Revelation 7:3; &nbsp;Revelation 9:4; &nbsp;Revelation 14:1; &nbsp;Revelation 22:4 ). The apocalyptic woman dressed in purple and scarlet had her name written on her forehead (&nbsp;Revelation 17:5 ). </p> <p> The biblical writers used the language of metaphors to describe the shameless apostasy and faithlessness of Israel (&nbsp;Jeremiah 3:3; &nbsp;Ezekiel 3:8-9 ). See [[Face]] . </p> <p> Gary [[Bonner]] </p>
          
          
== Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_80708" /> ==
== Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_80708" /> ==
<p> <em> Mark on the, </em> &nbsp; Ezekiel 9:4 . Mr. Maurice, speaking of the religious rites of the Hindoos, says, Before they can enter the great pagoda, an indispensable ceremony takes place, which can only be performed by the hand of a brahmin; and that is, the impression of their foreheads with the <em> tiluk, </em> or mark of different colours, as they may belong either to the sect of Veeshnu, or Seeva. If the temple be that of Veeshnu, their foreheads are marked with a longitudinal line, and the colour used is vermilion. If it be the temple of Seeva, they are marked with a parallel line, and the colour used is turmeric, or saffron. But these two grand sects being again subdivided into numerous classes, both the size and the shape of the <em> tiluk </em> are varied, in proportion to their superior or inferior rank. In regard to the <em> tiluk, </em> [[I]] must observe, that it was a custom of very ancient date in Asia to mark their servants in the forehead. It is alluded to in these words of Ezekiel, where the [[Almighty]] commands his angels to "go through the midst of the city, and set a mark on the foreheads of the men who sigh for the abominations committed in the midst thereof." The same idea occurs also in &nbsp; Revelation 7:3 . The divers sects of the Hindoos have a distinguishing mark of the sect, by which they are known, on the forehead, of powdered sandal wood, or of the slime of the Ganges. The mark of the Wischnites consists of two nearly oval lines down the nose, which runs from two straight lines on the forehead. The mark of the Schivites consists of two curved lines, like a half moon with a point on the nose. It is made either with the slime of the Ganges, with sandal wood, or the ashes of cow dung. </p>
<p> <em> Mark on the, </em> &nbsp; Ezekiel 9:4 . Mr. Maurice, speaking of the religious rites of the Hindoos, says, Before they can enter the great pagoda, an indispensable ceremony takes place, which can only be performed by the hand of a brahmin; and that is, the impression of their foreheads with the <em> tiluk, </em> or mark of different colours, as they may belong either to the sect of Veeshnu, or Seeva. If the temple be that of Veeshnu, their foreheads are marked with a longitudinal line, and the colour used is vermilion. If it be the temple of Seeva, they are marked with a parallel line, and the colour used is turmeric, or saffron. But these two grand sects being again subdivided into numerous classes, both the size and the shape of the <em> tiluk </em> are varied, in proportion to their superior or inferior rank. In regard to the <em> tiluk, </em> I must observe, that it was a custom of very ancient date in Asia to mark their servants in the forehead. It is alluded to in these words of Ezekiel, where the [[Almighty]] commands his angels to "go through the midst of the city, and set a mark on the foreheads of the men who sigh for the abominations committed in the midst thereof." The same idea occurs also in &nbsp; Revelation 7:3 . The divers sects of the Hindoos have a distinguishing mark of the sect, by which they are known, on the forehead, of powdered sandal wood, or of the slime of the Ganges. The mark of the Wischnites consists of two nearly oval lines down the nose, which runs from two straight lines on the forehead. The mark of the Schivites consists of two curved lines, like a half moon with a point on the nose. It is made either with the slime of the Ganges, with sandal wood, or the ashes of cow dung. </p>
          
          
== Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types <ref name="term_197877" /> ==
== Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types <ref name="term_197877" /> ==
<p> &nbsp;Exodus 28:38 (c) This type describes the open confession and open acknowledgment of one's condition or position. (See also &nbsp;Revelation 14:9). </p> <p> &nbsp;Jeremiah 3:3 (a) [[God]] compares the people of Israel to a wicked woman who is bold, brazen and unashamed in her sins. </p> <p> &nbsp;Ezekiel 3:8 (b) [[God]] promised to His prophet Jeremiah that strength would be given Him and courage to stand against the looks and the words of his enemies. </p> <p> &nbsp;Ezekiel 16:12 (a) [[A]] picture of the loveliness and the beauty which [[God]] put on Israel when He gave them to be the head of the nations, and placed them in [[Canaan]] which He calls the glory of all lands. (See &nbsp;Ezekiel 20:6). </p> <p> &nbsp;Revelation 7:3 (a) Probably this is a literal mark put on the literal forehead. We do not usually consider this as a type, but rather as an actual fact. [[God]] will mark His children for public identification. The [[Devil]] uses this same plan to identify his children. (See the following passages in this book of Revelation: &nbsp;Revelation 9:4; &nbsp;Revelation 13:16; &nbsp;Revelation 14:1-9; &nbsp;Revelation 17:5; &nbsp;Revelation 20:4; &nbsp;Revelation 22:4). </p>
<p> &nbsp;Exodus 28:38 (c) This type describes the open confession and open acknowledgment of one's condition or position. (See also &nbsp;Revelation 14:9). </p> <p> &nbsp;Jeremiah 3:3 (a) GOD compares the people of Israel to a wicked woman who is bold, brazen and unashamed in her sins. </p> <p> &nbsp;Ezekiel 3:8 (b) GOD promised to His prophet Jeremiah that strength would be given Him and courage to stand against the looks and the words of his enemies. </p> <p> &nbsp;Ezekiel 16:12 (a) A picture of the loveliness and the beauty which GOD put on Israel when He gave them to be the head of the nations, and placed them in [[Canaan]] which He calls the glory of all lands. (See &nbsp;Ezekiel 20:6). </p> <p> &nbsp;Revelation 7:3 (a) Probably this is a literal mark put on the literal forehead. We do not usually consider this as a type, but rather as an actual fact. GOD will mark His children for public identification. The [[Devil]] uses this same plan to identify his children. (See the following passages in this book of Revelation: &nbsp;Revelation 9:4; &nbsp;Revelation 13:16; &nbsp;Revelation 14:1-9; &nbsp;Revelation 17:5; &nbsp;Revelation 20:4; &nbsp;Revelation 22:4). </p>
          
          
== Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_66181" /> ==
== Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_66181" /> ==
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== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_51101" /> ==
== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_51101" /> ==
<p> <strong> [[Forehead]] </strong> . In &nbsp; Jeremiah 3:3 a whore’s forehead is a type of shamelessness; in &nbsp; Ezekiel 3:8; &nbsp; Ezekiel 3:8 the forehead stands for obstinacy. In &nbsp; Ezekiel 9:4 the righteous receive a mark, probably the letter <em> [[Taw]] </em> , on their forehead. Hence the symbolism in &nbsp; Revelation 7:3 , etc., where the mark is the [[Divine]] signet. It is doubtful what is the mark of the beast (&nbsp; Revelation 13:15 ); see Swete, <em> ad loc. </em> &nbsp; Revelation 17:5 is a probable allusion to a custom of Roman harlots. [[Shaving]] the forehead in sign of mourning is forbidden (&nbsp; Deuteronomy 14:1 ). For &nbsp; Ezekiel 16:12 , see [[Rv]] [Note: Revised Version.] . See also Marks. </p> <p> [[C.]] [[W.]] Emmet. </p>
<p> <strong> [[Forehead]] </strong> . In &nbsp; Jeremiah 3:3 a whore’s forehead is a type of shamelessness; in &nbsp; Ezekiel 3:8; &nbsp; Ezekiel 3:8 the forehead stands for obstinacy. In &nbsp; Ezekiel 9:4 the righteous receive a mark, probably the letter <em> [[Taw]] </em> , on their forehead. Hence the symbolism in &nbsp; Revelation 7:3 , etc., where the mark is the [[Divine]] signet. It is doubtful what is the mark of the beast (&nbsp; Revelation 13:15 ); see Swete, <em> ad loc. </em> &nbsp; Revelation 17:5 is a probable allusion to a custom of Roman harlots. [[Shaving]] the forehead in sign of mourning is forbidden (&nbsp; Deuteronomy 14:1 ). For &nbsp; Ezekiel 16:12 , see RV [Note: Revised Version.] . See also Marks. </p> <p> C. W. Emmet. </p>
          
          
== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_72645" /> ==
== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_72645" /> ==
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== Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_31553" /> ==
== Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_31553" /> ==
&nbsp;Revelation 13:16,17&nbsp;14:9&nbsp;17:5&nbsp;20:4 <p> The "jewel on thy forehead" mentioned in &nbsp;Ezekiel 16:12 [[(Rsv,]] "a ring upon thy nose") was in all probability the "nose-ring" (&nbsp; Isaiah 3:21 ). </p> <p> In &nbsp;Ezekiel 3:7 the word "impudent" is rightly rendered in the Revised Version "an hard forehead." (See also ver. 8,9.) </p>
&nbsp;Revelation 13:16,17&nbsp;14:9&nbsp;17:5&nbsp;20:4 <p> The "jewel on thy forehead" mentioned in &nbsp;Ezekiel 16:12 (RSV, "a ring upon thy nose") was in all probability the "nose-ring" (&nbsp; Isaiah 3:21 ). </p> <p> In &nbsp;Ezekiel 3:7 the word "impudent" is rightly rendered in the Revised Version "an hard forehead." (See also ver. 8,9.) </p>
          
          
== Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_123257" /> ==
== Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_123257" /> ==
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== King James Dictionary <ref name="term_60060" /> ==
== King James Dictionary <ref name="term_60060" /> ==
<p> [[Forehead,]] n. for'hed, or rather for'ed. </p> 1. The part of the face which extends from the hair on the top of the head to the eyes. 2. Impudence confidence assurance audaciousness.
<p> FOREHEAD, n. for'hed, or rather for'ed. </p> 1. The part of the face which extends from the hair on the top of the head to the eyes. 2. Impudence confidence assurance audaciousness.
          
          
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_3751" /> ==
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_3751" /> ==
<p> '''''for´ed''''' ( מצח , <i> '''''mēcaḥ''''' </i> ; μέτωπον , <i> '''''métōpon''''' </i> ): </p> <p> (1) In a literal sense the word is used frequently in the Scriptures. Aaron and after him every high priest was to wear on the forehead the golden frontlet having the engraved motto, "Holy to Yahweh" (&nbsp; Exodus 28:36 , &nbsp;Exodus 28:38 ). The condition of the forehead was an important criterion in the diagnosis of leprosy by the priest (&nbsp;Leviticus 13:42 , &nbsp;Leviticus 13:43; &nbsp;2 Chronicles 26:20 ). It was in the forehead that brave young David smote [[Goliath]] with the stone from his sling (&nbsp;1 Samuel 17:49 ). The faulty translation of the King James Version in &nbsp;Ezekiel 16:12 has been corrected in the Revised Version (British and American), reference being had in the passage to a nose-ring, not to an ornament of the forehead. While the cutting or tattooing of the body was strictly forbidden to the [[Israelite]] on account of the heathen associations of the custom (&nbsp; Leviticus 19:28 ), we find frequent mention made of markings on the forehead, which were especially used to designate slaves (see Philo, <i> De [[Monarchia]] </i> , [[I)]] or devotees of a godhead (Lucian, De Syria Dea, 59). In 3 Macc 2:29 we read that [[Ptolemy]] [[Iv]] [[P]] hilopator branded some Jews with the sign of an ivy leaf, marking them as devotees of Bacchus-Dionysos. Possibly we may compare herewith the translation of &nbsp;Isaiah 44:5 (Revised Version margin): "And another shall write on his hand, [[Unto]] Yahweh" (or Yahweh's <i> slave </i> ). Very clear is the passage &nbsp;Ezekiel 9:4 , &nbsp;Ezekiel 9:6 (and perhaps &nbsp; Job 31:35 ), where the word used for "mark" is <i> '''''tāw''''' </i> , the name of the last letter of the [[Hebrew]] alphabet which in its earliest form has the shape of an upright plus sign (Baal [[Lebanon]] Inscr; 11th century bc) or of a lying (St Andrew's) cross [[X]] (Moabite Inscr, 9th century bc), the simplest sign in the old Israelite alphabet, and at the same time the character which in the Greek alphabet represents the [[X,]] the initial of Christ. In the New Testament we find a clear echo of the above-mentioned Old Testament passage, the marking of the foreheads of the righteous (&nbsp;Revelation 7:3; &nbsp;Revelation 9:4; &nbsp;Revelation 14:1; &nbsp;Revelation 22:4 ). The godless followers of the beast are marked on the (right) hand and on the forehead (&nbsp;Revelation 13:16; &nbsp;Revelation 14:9; &nbsp;Revelation 20:4 ), and the apocalyptic woman dressed in scarlet and purple has her name written on her forehead (&nbsp;Revelation 17:5 ). </p> <p> (2) In a metaphorical sense the expression, "a harlot's forehead," is used (&nbsp; Jeremiah 3:3 ) to describe the shameless apostasy and faithlessness of Israel. Ezek speaks of the stiff-necked obstinacy and the persistent unwillingness of Israel to hear the message of Yahweh: "All the house of Israel are of a hard forehead and of a stiff heart" (&nbsp;Jeremiah 3:7 ), and God makes his prophet's "forehead hard ... as an adamant harder than flint," whereby an unflinching loyalty to God and a complete disregard of opposition is meant (&nbsp;Jeremiah 3:8 , &nbsp;Jeremiah 3:9 ). Compare the phrase: "to harden the face," under the word [[Face]] . </p>
<p> '''''for´ed''''' ( מצח , <i> '''''mēcaḥ''''' </i> ; μέτωπον , <i> '''''métōpon''''' </i> ): </p> <p> (1) In a literal sense the word is used frequently in the Scriptures. Aaron and after him every high priest was to wear on the forehead the golden frontlet having the engraved motto, "Holy to Yahweh" (&nbsp; Exodus 28:36 , &nbsp;Exodus 28:38 ). The condition of the forehead was an important criterion in the diagnosis of leprosy by the priest (&nbsp;Leviticus 13:42 , &nbsp;Leviticus 13:43; &nbsp;2 Chronicles 26:20 ). It was in the forehead that brave young David smote [[Goliath]] with the stone from his sling (&nbsp;1 Samuel 17:49 ). The faulty translation of the King James Version in &nbsp;Ezekiel 16:12 has been corrected in the Revised Version (British and American), reference being had in the passage to a nose-ring, not to an ornament of the forehead. While the cutting or tattooing of the body was strictly forbidden to the [[Israelite]] on account of the heathen associations of the custom (&nbsp; Leviticus 19:28 ), we find frequent mention made of markings on the forehead, which were especially used to designate slaves (see Philo, <i> De [[Monarchia]] </i> , I) or devotees of a godhead (Lucian, De Syria Dea, 59). In 3 Macc 2:29 we read that [[Ptolemy]] [[Iv]] P hilopator branded some Jews with the sign of an ivy leaf, marking them as devotees of Bacchus-Dionysos. Possibly we may compare herewith the translation of &nbsp;Isaiah 44:5 (Revised Version margin): "And another shall write on his hand, [[Unto]] Yahweh" (or Yahweh's <i> slave </i> ). Very clear is the passage &nbsp;Ezekiel 9:4 , &nbsp;Ezekiel 9:6 (and perhaps &nbsp; Job 31:35 ), where the word used for "mark" is <i> '''''tāw''''' </i> , the name of the last letter of the [[Hebrew]] alphabet which in its earliest form has the shape of an upright plus sign (Baal [[Lebanon]] Inscr; 11th century bc) or of a lying (St Andrew's) cross X (Moabite Inscr, 9th century bc), the simplest sign in the old Israelite alphabet, and at the same time the character which in the Greek alphabet represents the X, the initial of Christ. In the New Testament we find a clear echo of the above-mentioned Old Testament passage, the marking of the foreheads of the righteous (&nbsp;Revelation 7:3; &nbsp;Revelation 9:4; &nbsp;Revelation 14:1; &nbsp;Revelation 22:4 ). The godless followers of the beast are marked on the (right) hand and on the forehead (&nbsp;Revelation 13:16; &nbsp;Revelation 14:9; &nbsp;Revelation 20:4 ), and the apocalyptic woman dressed in scarlet and purple has her name written on her forehead (&nbsp;Revelation 17:5 ). </p> <p> (2) In a metaphorical sense the expression, "a harlot's forehead," is used (&nbsp; Jeremiah 3:3 ) to describe the shameless apostasy and faithlessness of Israel. Ezek speaks of the stiff-necked obstinacy and the persistent unwillingness of Israel to hear the message of Yahweh: "All the house of Israel are of a hard forehead and of a stiff heart" (&nbsp;Jeremiah 3:7 ), and God makes his prophet's "forehead hard ... as an adamant harder than flint," whereby an unflinching loyalty to God and a complete disregard of opposition is meant (&nbsp;Jeremiah 3:8 , &nbsp;Jeremiah 3:9 ). Compare the phrase: "to harden the face," under the word Face . </p>
          
          
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_40731" /> ==
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_40731" /> ==