Difference between revisions of "Shalman"

<p> [[Shalmaneser.]] &nbsp;Hosea 10:14 the 'eser common to [[Shalman]] with three other [[Assyrian]] kings is omitted, Tiglath Pil-eser, Esar-haddon, and Sharezer. No monuments of Shalman remain, because [[Sargon]] his successor, an usurper, destroyed them. The Assyrian canon agrees with [[Scripture]] in making Shalman king directly after Tiglath Pileser. [[Menander]] of [[Ephesus]] spoke of his warring in southern Syria and besieging [[Tyre]] five years (Josephus, Ant. 9:14). (See [[Hoshea;]] [[Sargon.)]] [[Hoshea]] king of [[Israel]] revolted; then, on Shalman coming up against him, became his tributary servant, but conspired in dependence on So of Egypt, and withheld tribute. Shalman a second time invaded the [[Holy]] Land (723 [[B.C.).]] As Sargon claims the capture of [[Samaria]] he must have ended what Shalman began. Scripture ''('' &nbsp;1 Kings 17:3-6'', the general expression "the king of Assyria," and '' &nbsp;1 Kings 18:9-10'', "they took it,")'' accords with this: "Shalman spoiled [[Beth]] Arbel in the day of battle." [[G.]] Smith states that tablets prove the [[S.E.]] palace at Nimrud to be that of Shalmaneser, 860 [[B.C.]] </p>

<p> <strong> [[Shalman]] </strong> . This name occurs only in the clause ‘as Shalman spoiled <strong> Beth-arbel </strong> in the day of battle’ (&nbsp; Hosea 10:14 ). The person and place referred to are both unknown. <em> Shalman </em> may be a contraction for <em> [[Shalmaneser]] </em> , but it is impossible to say which, if any, of the four kings of [[Assyria]] bearing that name suits the connexion. It has been suggested that the [[Moabite]] king Salmanu (mentioned in Tiglath-pileser’s triumphal inscription, ii Rawl. 67, line 60) may be the person referred to by the prophet. The Vulg. [Note: Vulgate.] version seems to think of the slaughter of [[Zalmunna]] by [[Gideon]] (&nbsp; Judges 9:1-57 ). See also art. Beth-arbel. </p> <p> [[W.]] [[F.]] Boyd. </p>

<p> '''Shal'man.''' ''(fire-worshipper).'' [[A]] contraction for [[Shalmaneser]] , king of Assyria. &nbsp;Hosea 10:14. Others think it, the name of an obscure Assyrian king, predecessor of Pul. ''See '' [[Shalmaneser]] ''.'' </p>

<p> One who laid waste Beth-arbel. &nbsp;Hosea 10:14 . Probably tile same person as [[Shalmaneser.]] </p>

<p> (Heb. Shalman שִׁלְמִן '','' perhaps Persian, ''fire-worshipper'' ; Sept. Σαλαμάν; Vulg. ''Salmana'' )'','' a name occurring but once (&nbsp;Hosea 10:14, "as Shalman spoiled Beth-arbel in the day of battle"). It appears to be an abbreviated form of Shalmaneser (q.v.). Ewald, however, speaks of Shalman as an unknown king, but probably the predecessor of [[Pul]] (''Die Propheten,'' 1, 157; see Simson, Der [[Prophet]] Hosea, p. 287). The Sept. reading כְּשָׂר for כְּשֹׁד, "as he spoiled," renders ὡς ἄρχων, and the Vulgate, confounding Shalman with the Zalmunnah of Judges (ch. 8), gives, from another misreading, a ''domo ejus qui judicavit Baal,'' so that Newcome ventures to translate "Like the destruction of Zalmunnah by the hand of Jerubbaal" (Gideon). Indeed, the [[Vatican]] edition of the Sept. has ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ ῾Ιεροβοάμ, and the [[Alexandrian]] has ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου ῾Ιεροβάαλ ''.'' — misreadings of the word Beth-arbel. The [[Targum]] of [[Jonathan]] and Peshito- [[Syriac]] both give "Shalma;" the former for בֵּית אִרְבֵּאל reading בְּמִאֲרָב, "by an ambush," the latter בֵּית אֵל, "Beth-el." The [[Chaldee]] translator seems to have caught only the first letters of the word "Arbel," while the [[Syrian]] only saw the last two. The Targum possibly regards "Shalman" as an appellative, "the peaceable," following in this the traditional interpretation of the verse recorded by Rashi, whose note is as follows: "As spoilers that come upon a people dwelling in peace, suddenly by means of an ambush, who have not been warned against them to flee before them, and destroy all." (See [[Beth-Arbel]]). </p>

<p> ''''' shal´man ''''' ( שׁלמן , <i> ''''' shalmān ''''' </i> ): [[A]] name of uncertain meaning, found only once in the Old [[Testament]] (&nbsp; Hosea 10:14 ), in connection with a place-name, equally obscure, "as Shalman destroyed Betharbel." Shalman is most commonly interpreted as a contracted form of Shalmaneser, the name of several Assyrian kings. If this explanation is correct, the king referred to cannot be identified. Some have thought of Shalmaneser [[Iv,]] who is said to have undertaken expeditions against the West in 775 and in 773-772. Others have proposed Shalmaneser [[V,]] who attacked Samaria in 725. This, however, is improbable, because the activity of Hosea ceased before Shalmaneser [[V]] became king. Shalman has also been identified with Salamanu, a king of [[Moab]] in the days of Hosea, who paid tribute to Tiglath-pileser [[V]] of Assyria; and with Shalmah, a North [[Arabian]] tribe that invaded the Negeb. The identification of [[Beth-Arbel]] (which see) is equally uncertain. From the reference it would seem that the event in question was well known and, therefore, probably one of recent date and considerable importance, but our present historical knowledge does not enable us to connect any of the persons named with the destruction of any of the localities suggested for Beth-arbel. The ancient translations offer no solution; they too seem to have been in the dark. </p>