Sardine
Fausset's Bible Dictionary [1]
Odem , i.e. "the red stone" (With A Yellow Shade) . Exodus 28:17; Exodus 39:10; Ezekiel 28:13. Much used by the ancients for seals, as being tough yet easily worked, beautiful, and susceptible of high polish; the best stone for engraving. Josephus (The Best Authority, Being A Priest, Therefore Having Often Seen The High Priest'S Breast-Plate) calls it the sardonyx, the first stone in the high priest's breast-plate, in Ant. 3:7, section 5, but the sard or sardine, B.J. 5:5, section 7. Both sardine and sardonyx are varieties of agate. He on the heavenly throne "was to look upon like a jasper and a sardine" ( Revelation 4:3). As the jasper (Or Else Diamond) represents the divine brightness or holiness, so the red sardine (Our Cornelian) His fiery wrath; the same union as in Ezekiel 1:4; Ezekiel 8:2; Daniel 7:9. Named from Sardis in Lydia, where it was first found. The Hebrew got their high priest's sardines in Arabia, and from Egypt ( Exodus 12:35).
Webster's Dictionary [2]
(1): ( n.) See Sardius.
(2): ( n.) Any one of several small species of herring which are commonly preserved in olive oil for food, especially the pilchard, or European sardine (Clupea pilchardus). The California sardine (Clupea sagax) is similar. The American sardines of the Atlantic coast are mostly the young of the common herring and of the menhaden.
People's Dictionary of the Bible [3]
Sardine, Revelation 4:3, A. V., or Sardius, Exodus 28:17. A gem of a blood-red or flesh color, susceptible of a high polish, and also called "sard" or "carnelian." Its former name it obtains from Sardis, in Asia Minor, where it was first found. This stone has long been a favorite for the engraver's art.
Smith's Bible Dictionary [4]
Sardine. See Sardius .
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature [5]
( Σάρδινος , apparently an adjective from Σάρδιον , which has the same signification), the name of a gem ( Revelation 4:3). (See Sardius).
