Philosophe
From BiblePortal Wikipedia
Webster's Dictionary [1]
(n.) A philosophaster; a philosopher.
The Nuttall Encyclopedia [2]
Name for a philosopher of the school of 18th century Enlightenment, represented by the Encyclopedists ( q. v .) of France; the class have been characterised by the delight they took in outraging the religious sentiment. See Aufklärung and The Illumination .