Oreb And Zeeb
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible [1]
Oreb And Zeeb Two princes of Midian in the invasion of Israel, mentioned as inferior to the kings Zebah and Zalmunna ( Judges 7:25; Judges 8:3 , Psalms 83:11; cf. also Isaiah 10:26 ). The meaning of the names is ‘raven’ and ‘wolf.’ Associated with the invasion put down by Gideon, these two princes were killed by the men of Ephraim, who rose at Gideon’s suggestion and intercepted the princes and their followers at the river Jordan. That their death, so briefly narrated in Judges, was accompanied by great slaughter may be inferred from the incidental references by the writers of Psalms 83:1-18 and Isaiah 10 . Isaiah compares the destruction to that of the Egyptians in the Red Sea, while the Psalmist compares the flying Midianites to the whirling dust or chaff driven before the wind. The rock Oreb and the wine-press Zeeb took their names from this incident.
T. A. Moxon.
Holman Bible Dictionary [2]
Judges 7:24-8:3 Psalm 83:11 Isaiah 9:4 Isaiah 10:26
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [3]
ō´reb , zē´eb , zēb ( עורב , ערב , ‛ōrēbh , "raven," especially "crow"), and ( זאב , ze'ēbh , "wolf") ( Judges 7:25; Judges 8:3; Psalm 83:11 , and Isaiah 10:26 (Oreb only)): Two Midianite chieftains captured and beheaded by the Ephraimites, who brought their heads to Gideon.
1. Meaning of Names:
As to the meaning of the two names, both words are found in Arabic. Robertson Smith, Kinship , etc. (190 ff, 218 ff), says that the use of the names of animals as names of persons is a relic of totemism. But Noldeke ( Zdmg , XL, 160 ff) and others hold that such a use shows a desire that those so named should be as disagreeable to their enemies as the plant or animal which the name denoted. Some again (e.g. Stade, Geschichte , 189 ff) maintain that the two names here are borrowed from localities and not vice versa, as Judges 7:25 implies. If so, we must take the names to be originally two places, apparently in Ephraim, for the words "beyond Jordan" in Judges 7:25 contradict Judges 8:4 , where it is said that Gideon came to the Jordan and passed over. Moore ( Jgs , 214) suggests that the two localities were near the junction with the Jordan of the stream that comes from Wâdy Far‛ah . The construction of the Hebrew allows of a translation "the rock (called) Oreb," and "the winepress (called) Zeeb."
2. The Battle of Oreb:
The account of a battle here is corroborated by Isaiah 10:26 , a verse which mentions the "rock of Oreb," and suggests that the great defeat of the Midianites took place there (compare Isaiah 9:4 ). The passage in Isaiah 10:24-26 is prose, however, and is said to be late editing (see G.H. Box, Isa , 65). In Psalm 83:11 (Hebrew 12) there is a prayer that God would make the "nobles" among the Psalmist's enemies as Oreb and Zeeb.
