Gymnosophists
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature [1]
( Γυμνοσοφισταί , an ancient sect of Hindoo philosophers, who distinguished themselves outwardly from others by discarding all clothing. They were believers in metempsychosis, and often sought to facilitate their transmigration by committing suicide — generally burning themselves alive. They placed the height of wisdom in contemplation and ascetic practices to mortify carnal instincts. They inculcated utter disregard of temporal advantages. This Sect furnished for a long time counsellors to the kings, and stood in high consideration. They were divided into two classes, the Braehmans and Garmans, or Samaneans. Calanos, in the time of Alexander the Great, belonged to this sect. (See Fakirs), as also Cicero, Tusc. Quaest. v, 27; Plutarch, Vit. Alexand, c. 65; Arrian, Indica, xii; Quintus Curtius, 8, cap. iv; Strabo, § 712-719.
The Nuttall Encyclopedia [2]
A set of contemplative philosophers among the Hindus who practised an extreme asceticism and went about almost naked.
