Forces
Easton's Bible Dictionary [1]
Isaiah 60:5,11
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [2]
fōr´sis ( חיל , ḥayil ):
(1) The word is used as a military term, equivalent to army, in 2 Kings 25:23 , 2 Kings 25:16 (where the King James Version reads "armies"); 2 Chronicles 17:2; Jeremiah 40:7 , etc. See Army .
(2) In Isaiah 60:5 , Isaiah 60:11 , it is rendered in the Revised Version (British and American) by "wealth," and in Ob Isaiah 60:11 , by "substance."
ma'ămaccı̄m Job 36:19 mā‛ōz Daniel 11:38
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature [3]
(spec. חִיַל Cha'Yil, Strength, especially in a military point of view; hence, also, Army, Fortification, etc.), in one phrase, "forces of the Gentiles" ( Isaiah 60:5; Isaiah 60:11), seems to be used in its widest sense (see Alexander, ad loc.) to denote (as the context implies) not only the subjugation of the heathen, but also the consecration of their Wealth ( Genesis 34:29, where the Same Heb. word occurs). The אֵֹלהּ מָעֻזּים , or God Of Strongholds, of Daniel 11:38, is probably Mars, or rather Jupiter (Olympius or Capitolinus), whom Antiochus (q.v.) specially honored. (See Daniel).
