Dark, Darken, Darkly, Darkness

Dark, Darken, Darkly, Darkness

'''A — 1: σκοτεινός (Strong'S #4652 — Adjective — skoteinos — skot-i-nos' )

"full of darkness, or covered with darkness," is translated "dark" in  Luke 11:36; "full of darkness," in  Matthew 6:23;  Luke 11:34 , where the physical condition is figurative of the moral. The group of skot-words is derived from a root ska---, meaning "to cover." The same root is to be found in skene, "a tent."

 Matthew 6:22

'''A — 2: αὐχμηρός (Strong'S #850 — Adjective — auchmeros — owkh-may-ros' )

from auchmos, "drought produced by excessive heat," hence signifies "dry, murky, dark,"  2 Peter 1:19 (Rv marg., "squalid"). No. 1 signifies "darkness" produced by covering; No. 2, "darkness" produced by being squalid or murky.

'''B — 1: σκοτία (Strong'S #4653 — Noun Feminine — skotia — skot-ee'-ah )

is used (a) of physical darkness, "dark,"  John 6:17 , lit., "darkness had come on," and  John 20:1 , lit., "darkness still being;" (b) of secrecy, in general, whether what is done therein is good or evil,  Matthew 10:27;  Luke 12:3; (c) of spiritual or moral "darkness," emblematic of sin, as a condition of moral or spiritual depravity,  Matthew 4:16;  John 1:5;  8:12;  12:35,46;  1 John 1:5;  2:8,9,11 .

'''B — 2: σκότος (Strong'S #4655 — Noun Neuter — skotos — skot'-os )

an older form than No. 1, grammatically masculine, is found in some mss. in  Hebrews 12:18 .

'''B — 3: σκότος (Strong'S #4655 — Noun Neuter — skotos — skot'-os )

a neuter noun, frequent in the Sept., is used in the Nt as the equivalent of No. 1; (a) of "physical darkness,"  Matthew 27:45;  2 Corinthians 4:6; (b) of "intellectual darkness,"  Romans 2:19 (cp. C, No. 1); (c) of "blindness,"   Acts 13:11; (d) by metonymy, of the "place of punishment," e.g.,  Matthew 8:12;  2 Peter 2:17;  Jude 1:13; (e) metaphorically, of "moral and spiritual darkness," e.g.,  Matthew 6:23;  Luke 1:79;  11:35;  John 3:19;  Acts 26:18;  2 Corinthians 6:14;  Ephesians 6:12;  Colossians 1:13;  1 Thessalonians 5:4,5;  1 Peter 2:9;  1 John 1:6; (f) by metonymy, of "those who are in moral or spiritual darkness,"  Ephesians 5:8; (g) of "evil works,"  Romans 13:12;  Ephesians 5:11; (h) of the "evil powers that dominate the world,"  Luke 22:53; (i) "of secrecy" [as in No. 1, (b)]. While skotos is used more than twice as many times as skotia in the Nt, the Apostle John uses skotos only once,  1 John 1:6 , but skotia 15 times out of the 18.

 1 John 1:5 2:8

'''B — 4: ζόφος (Strong'S #2217 — Noun Masculine — zophos — dzof'-os )

denotes "the gloom of the nether world;" hence, "thick darkness, darkness that may be felt;" it is rendered "darkness" in  Hebrews 12:18;  2 Peter 2:4;  Jude 1:6; in  2 Peter 2:17 , Rv, "blackness," Av, "mists;" in  Jude 1:13 , Rv and Av, "blackness." See Blackness , B, Nos. 1 and 2, Mist.

'''C — 1: σκοτίζω (Strong'S #4654 — Verb — skotizo — skot-id'-zo )

"to deprive of light, to make dark," is used in the Nt in the Passive Voice only, (a) of the heavenly bodies,  Matthew 24:29;  Mark 13:24;  Revelation 8:12; (b) metaphorically, of the mind,  Romans 1:21;  11:10; (some mss. have it in  Luke 23:45 ).

'''C — 2: σκοτόω (Strong'S #4656 — Verb — skotoo — skot-o'-o )

"to darken," is used (a) of the heavenly bodies,  Revelation 9:2;  16:10; (b) metaphorically, of the mind,  Ephesians 4:18 .

 1 Corinthians 13:12 Numbers 12:8