Conduit

Fausset's Bible Dictionary

Hezekiah stopped the "upper watercourse of Gihon," and brought it down straight to the W. of the city of David ( 2 Chronicles 32:30). Robinson identifies Gihon with the pool Birket-es-Mamilla at the head of the valley of Hinnom S.W. of Jerusalem. He thinks the lately discovered subterranean conduit in the city to be a branch from Hezekiah's watercourse. Williams places Gihon N. of Jerusalem, near the tombs of the kings, and thinks that the watercourse flowed S. to the temple, and thence into the pool of Siloam, the lower pool.

The proximity of "the upper pool" to "the fuller's field" ( 2 Kings 18:17) favors this; as "the fuller's monument" was N.E. of the city (Josephus). The pools of Solomon beyond Bethlehem for irrigating his garden ( Ecclesiastes 2:6) were probably connected with the supply of water for Jerusalem, which Talmudic tradition assigns to him. Pontius Pilate applied the sacred treasure of the corban to an aqueduct of 200 or 300 stadia, which is about the measure of the existing one. Probably he repaired Solomon's original watercourse. The water is still conveyed from the fountains which supply the pools two miles S. of Bethlehem. It crosses the Hinnom valley on a nine-arched bridge above the pool Birket-es-Sultan, and at last is conducted to the Haram; repaired by Sultan Mahomet Ibn Kalaun of Egypt about A.D. 1300.

King James Dictionary

Conduit n. L., to conduct.

1. A canal or pipe for the conveyance of water an aqueduct. Conduits are made of lead, stone, cast iron, wood, &c., above or below the surface of the earth. 2. A vessel that conveys the blood or other fluid.

The conduits of my blood.

3. A conductor.

These organs are the nerves which are the conduits to convey them from without to their audience in the brain.

4. A pipe or cock for drawing off liquor. 5. Any channel that conveys water or fluids a sink, sewer or drain.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

 Job 38:25 Isaiah 7:3 2 Kings 18:17 20:20 2 Chronicles 32:30Siloam

There are also the remains of a conduit which conducted water from the so-called "Pools of Solomon," beyond Bethlehem, into the city. Water is still conveyed into the city from the fountains which supplied these pools by a channel which crosses the valley of Hinnom.

People's Dictionary of the Bible

Conduit.  2 Kings 18:17;  2 Kings 20:20;  Isaiah 7:3;  Isaiah 36:2. Used to signify some mode for conveying water, as a "water course" (R. V. channel),  Job 38:25, or a "trench." It probably included an aqueduct, such as must have been used to convey the water from the Pool of Solomon to Jerusalem.

Holman Bible Dictionary

 2 Kings 18:17 2 Kings 20:20 Isaiah 7:3 1 Kings 18:32-38 Job 38:25 Ezekiel 31:4 2 Samuel 5:8 2 Kings 20:20 2 Chronicles 32:30

Morrish Bible Dictionary

Channel for conducting water. There are still the remains of one that conveyed water from what are called Solomon's pools to Jerusalem. We read that Hezekiah by means of a pool and a conduit brought water into Jerusalem.  2 Kings 20:20 : cf. also  2 Chronicles 32:30 .

Smith's Bible Dictionary

Conduit. Meaning An Aqueduct or Trench Through Which Water Was Carried. Tradition, both oral and as represented by Talmudical writers, ascribes to Solomon, the formation of the original aqueduct by which water was brought to Jerusalem.

Webster's Dictionary

(1): (n.) A pipe, canal, channel, or passage for conveying water or fluid.

(2): (n.) A structure forming a reservoir for water.

(3): (n.) A narrow passage for private communication.

Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible

CONDUIT . See Jerusalem.

Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature

( תְּעָלָה , Tealah' [from עָלָה , Alah , to Ascend , Gesenius, Thes. Heb. p. 1022], a channel, "watercourse,"  Job 38:25, stream,  Ezekiel 31:4, or "trench,"  1 Kings 18:32-38), spoken of the Aqueduct made by Hezekiah for conveying the waters from the upper pool in the valley of Gihon into the western part of Jerusalem ( 2 Kings 18:17;  2 Kings 20:20;  Isaiah 7:3;  Isaiah 36:2); apparently the same with that which now supplies the mosque enclosure with water from the pools at Bethlehem. It seems at first to have been an open trench, but was closed by Hezekiah with masonry on the approach of the Assyrians ( Sirach 48:12). (See Jerusalem).

1. Although no notice is given either by Scripture or by Josephus of any connection between the pools of Solomon beyond Bethlehem and a supply of water for Jerusalem, it seems unlikely that so large a work as the pools should be constructed merely for irrigating his gardens ( Ecclesiastes 2:6); and tradition, both oral and as represented by Talmudical writers, ascribes to Solomon the formation of the original aqueduct by which water was brought to Jerusalem (Maundrell, Early Trav . p. 458; Hasselquist, Trav. 146; Lightfoot, Descr. Templ. c. 23, vol. 1:612; Robinson, 1:390). Pontius Pilate applied the sacred treasure of the Corban to the work of bringing water by an aqueduct from a distance, Josephus says of 300 or 400 stadia (War, 2:9, 4), but elsewhere 200 stadia, a distance which would fairly correspond with the length of the existing aqueduct with all its turns and windings (Ant. 18:3, 2; Williams, Holy City, 2:501). His application of the money in this manner gave rise to a serious disturbance. Whether his work was a new one, or a reparation of Solomon's original aqueduct cannot be determined, but it seems more than probable that the ancient work would have been destroyed in some of the. various sieges since Solomon's time. The aqueduct, though much injured, and not serviceable for water beyond Bethlehem, still exists; the water is conveyed from the fountains which supply the pools about two miles S. of Bethlehem. The watercourse then passes from the pools in a N.E. direction, and, winding round the hill of Bethlehem on the S. side, is carried sometimes above and sometimes below the surface of the ground, partly in earthen pipes and partly in a channel about one foot square of rough stones laid in cement, till it approaches Jerusalem. There it crosses the valley of Hinnom at the S.W. side of the city on a bridge of nine arches at a point above the pool called Birket es- Sultan, then returns S.E. and E. along the side of the valley and under the wall, and, continuing its course along the east side, is finally conducted to the Haram. It was repaired by Sultan Mohammed Ibn-Kalaun of Egypt about A.D. 1300 (Williams, Holy City, 2:498; Raumer, Pal. p. 280; Robinson, 1:514; 2:166; new ed. 3, 247). (See Pool).

2. Among the works of Hezekiah he is said to have stopped the "upper watercourse of Gihon," and brought it down straight to the W. side of the city of David ( 2 Chronicles 32:30). The direction of this watercourse of course depends on the site of Gihon. Dr. Robinson identifies this with the large pool called Birket es-Mamilla at the head of the valley of Hinnom, on the S.W. side of Jerusalem, and considers the lately-discovered subterranean conduit within the city to be a branch from Hezekiah's watercourse (Researches, new ed. 3, 243-4; 1:327; Gesenius, Thes. Heb. p. 616, 1395). Mr. Williams, on the other hand, places Gihon on the N. side, not far from the tombs of the kings, and supposes the watercourse to have brought water in a S. direction to the temple, whence it flowed ultimately into the Pool of Siloam, or Lower Pool. One argument which recommends this view is found in the account of the interview between the emissaries of Sennacherib and the officers of Hezekiah, which took place ‘ " by the conduit of the upper pool, in the highway of the fuller's field" ( 2 Kings 18:17), whose site seems to be indicated by the "fuller's monument" mentioned by Josephus as at the N.E. side of the city, and by the once well- known site called the Camp of the Assyrians (Josephus, War, 5:4, 2; 7, 3; 12, 2).; (See Maundrell, p. 456 sq., Bohn's ed.; Richardson, Travels, 2:379; Bertheau, D. Bich. d. Konige, p. 409; Schultz, Jerusalem, p. 40.) (See Gihon).