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| Travel <ref name="term_57664" />
| | == Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_187030" /> == |
| <p> <b> TRAVEL. </b> —Travelling for pleasure was almost, if not altogether, unknown in the ancient world. This is to be accounted for by lack of roads, lack of conveyances, and perils by the way. Travellers had usually some definite object in view; [[Abraham]] seeking for a home at the command of [[Jehovah]] ( [[Genesis]] 12:1 ff.) ; [[Jacob]] fleeing from his brother ( Genesis 28:10); the [[Israelites]] going up to their sacred places, and later to the [[Temple]] at Jerusalem. As the sea had special terrors, travelling was chiefly by land, and not till well on in history did men launch boldly out into the deep. In the days of the Empire, sailing was confined to certain well defined tracks, and to certain seasons. On land, travel was done for the most part on foot; hence the custom of washing the feet ( Genesis 18: 4, Judges 19:21 etc.) was almost a necessity as a token of hospitality. [[Horses]] were used for war, and camels for the desert. [[Persons]] of rank rode on mules ( 2 Samuel 13:29, 1 Kings 1:33), while the ass was more usually kept as a beast of burden. [[Wheeled]] waggons were not in general use, and, on the rare occasions on which they were employed, were heavy, cumbersome, and without springs. [[Joseph]] sent waggons for his father ( Genesis 45:19; Genesis 45:21); the kings of [[Israel]] had their chariots ( 1 Kings 22:35); and the [[Ethiopian]] eunuch made his journey to [[Jerusalem]] in a chariot ( Acts 8:28); but wheeled vehicles of any kind were rare. Long journeys were generally undertaken in the summer, when the roads were good and firm. In the winter the roads were soft, and other conditions unfavourable. In Matthew 24:20 [[Jesus]] says, ‘Pray that your flight be not in the winter time,’ which means the rainy season, when roads are practically impassable, and food difficult to obtain < i> en route < /i> . This accounts for St. Paul’s desire to have Timothy with him before the winter set in ( 2 Timothy 4: 21). In the morning the traveller started on his journey, and continued it till noon-day, when he took refuge for an hour or two under some kindly shade from the scorching rays of the sun, and then resumed his course ( Song of [[Solomon]] 1:7) . To refuse hospitality to a traveller was a breach of good manners, if not, indeed, an insult to God. This state of affairs continues largely in [[Palestine]] to-day, though on the tourist routes the people have fallen in with the spirit of the age. </p> <p> The ordinary way of reckoning the length of a journey was not by miles, but by time ( Genesis 30:36 דָּרָךְ י וֹם, Jonah 3:4 מַהֲלַךְ יוֹם, Luke 2: 44 ἠμέρας ὁδός) , and this makes it difficult to determine accurately the distances covered. [[Moses]] asked that the children of Israel should be permitted to go into the wilderness a three days’ journey ( Exodus 5 :3) , and in Genesis 31: 23 it is said that [[Laban]] pursued after Jacob a seven days’ journey. There would be a great difference between the speed of these two companies, and consequently in the ground traversed. In hilly districts the progress would be less than in the flat country, and a small company or a single individual would go faster than a caravan. An ordinary day’s journey might be put down at about 20 miles, but it would require an extraordinary stretch of imagination to make that fit in with Numbers 11:31. In Luke 2:44 it probably meant not more than 6 miles, for these festal caravans, with their crowds, moved at a leisurely pace; and tradition has it that the halting-place was Beeroth, which is 6 miles north of Jerusalem. </p> <p> The longer the journey the slower the pace, for provision for man and beast and equipment for the way had to be carried. ‘Take victuals with you for the journey’ ( Joshua 9: 11) was the rule and not the exception. This led [[Christ]] to say to the Twelve, when He sent them out, ‘Provide neither gold nor silver for your journey’ ( Matthew 10:9-10 ||), so that they might not be hampered by these things, and that they might receive a much-needed lesson in faith. </p> <p> [[Reference]] is made in Acts 1: 12 to a < b> [[Sabbath]] day’s journey < /b> ( σαββάτου ὁδός). This is the only place where the phrase occurs. [[Olivet]] is said to be a Sabbath day’s journey from Jerusalem. The expression is very indefinite. [[Josephus]] in one place ( < i> Ant. < /i> xx. viii. 6) gives the distance from Jerusalem to the Mount of [[Olives]] as 5 furlongs, and in another as 6 ( <i> BJ </i> v. ii. 3) . Schleusner makes it 7½ stadia or furlongs. The difference seems to lie in the varying length of the cubit, which in the older [[Hebrew]] measurement was longer than in the later. The result is the same—2000 cubits, which would bring it into conformity with [[Rabbinical]] law, ‘Let no man go walking from his place beyond 2000 ells on the seventh day’ ( Jerus. [Note: Jerusalem. ] Targ. [Note: Targum.] on Exodus 16:29). A Sabbath day’s journey was by common consent 2000 cubits or ells, though some [[Rabbis]] allowed a kind of sliding scale, and spoke of the greater journey (2800), the medium (2000), and the smaller (1800). This was purely Rabbinical, and deduced from (1 ) Exodus 16:29 ‘Abide ye every man in his place, let no man go out of his place on the seventh day’; (2) from the distance between the Ark and the people on the march ( Joshua 3:4); and (3) from the conditions laid down as to the cities of refuge ( Numbers 35:5). In Exodus 16:29 the ‘place’ by a process of Rabbinical reasoning became the city where a man dwelt; and it was argued that ‘if one who committed murder accidentally was allowed to take this journey of 2000 ells on the Sabbath day without violating the sanctity of the day, innocent people might do the same. ’ By a little ingenuity a Sabbath day’s journey could be considerably extended. If a person desired to do so, he had simply to carry to some point within the [[ Sabbatical]] limit two meals before the Sabbath began, one of which he had to eat and the other to bury; and that place became for him his dwelling-place. It is even alleged that by fixing his eye upon a tree or wall within the prescribed limit, and uttering certain words, he could make that his starting-point. < /p> <p> In NT times it was customary, as indeed it is to-day, to accompany a departing guest on a part of his way ( Romans 15:24, Acts 15:3, 1 Corinthians 16:6) as a token of goodwill and affection. </ p> < p> Literature.—Thomson, <i> LB </i> [Note: The Land and the Book.] ; G. A. Smith, <i> HGHL </ i> [Note: GHL [[Historical]] Geog. of Holy Land.] ; W. M. Ramsay, < i> The [[Letters]] to the [[Seven]] Churches </i> ; Conder, <i> Palestine; PEFSt </i> [Note: EFSt [[ Quarterly]] [[Statement]] of the same. ] < i> ; RP </i> [Note: P [[ Records]] of the Past.] ; artt. in Hasting' s [[Dictionary ]] of the [[Bible]] , [[Extra]] Vol. pp. 368–402. </ p> <p> R. Leggat. </p> | | <p> '''(1) :''' ''' ( ''' v. i.) To go or march on foot; to walk; as, to travel over the city, or through the streets. </p> <p> '''( 2): ''' ''' (''' n.) An account, by a traveler, of occurrences and observations during a journey; as, a book of travels; - often used as the title of a book; as, Travels in Italy. < /p> < p> '''( 3): ''' ''' (''' v. t.) To force to journey. </p> <p> '''(4 ): ''' ''' (''' v. i.) To labor; to travail. </p> <p> '''(5): ''' ''' (''' v. i. ) To pass by riding, or in any manner, to a distant place, or to many places; to journey ; as, a man travels for his health; he is traveling in California. </p> <p> '''( 6): ''' ''' (''' v. i.) To pass; to go; to move. </p> <p> '''(7): ''' ''' (''' v. t.) To journey over; to traverse; as, to travel the continent. < /p> < p> '''( 8) :''' ''' (''' n. ) The act of traveling, or journeying from place to place; a journey. < /p> < p> '''(9) :''' ''' ( ''' n.) The length of stroke of a reciprocating piece; as, the travel of a slide valve. </p> <p> '''( 10): ''' ''' (''' n.) Labor; parturition; travail. </p> |
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| | == King James Dictionary <ref name="term_63796" /> == |
| | <p> TRAV'EL, a different orthography and application of travail. </p> 1 . To walk to go or march on foot as, to travel from London to Dover, or from New York to Philadelphia. So we say, a man ordinarily travels three miles an hour. This is the proper sense of the word, which implies toil. 2. To journey to ride to a distant place in the same country as, a man travels for his health he is traveling to Virginia. A man traveled from London to [[ Edinburgh]] in five days. 3. To go to a distant country, or to visit foreign states or kingdoms, either by sea or land. It is customary for men of rank and property to travel for improvement. Englishmen travel to [[France]] and Italy. Some men travel for pleasure or curiosity others travel to extend their knowledge of natural history. 4. To pass to go to move. [[News]] travels with rapidity. <p> Time travels in divers paces with divers persons. < /p> 5. To labor. See Travail. 6. To move, walk or pass, as a beast, a horse, ox or camel. A horse travels fifty miles in a day a camel twenty. |
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| | == Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_79537" /> == |
| | <div> '''1: '''''Διέρχομαι''''' ''' (Strong'S #1330 — Verb — dierchomai — dee-er'-khom-ahee ) </div> <p> "to go or pass through," is translated "travelled" in Acts 11:19 . See [[Come]] , No. 5. </p> Matthew 25:14[[Go]] |
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| | == Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_57643" /> == |
| | <p> See [[Roads]] and Travel. </p> |
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| ==References == | | ==References == |
| <references> | | <references> |
| <ref name="term_57664"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/travel+(2) Travel from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref> | | |
| | <ref name="term_187030"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/webster-s-dictionary/travel Travel from Webster's Dictionary]</ref> |
| | |
| | <ref name="term_63796"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/king-james-dictionary/travel Travel from King James Dictionary]</ref> |
| | |
| | <ref name="term_79537"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/vine-s-expository-dictionary-of-nt-words/travel Travel from Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words]</ref> |
| | |
| | <ref name="term_57643"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/travel Travel from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref> |
| | |
| </references> | | </references> |
Webster's Dictionary [1]
(1): ( v. i.) To go or march on foot; to walk; as, to travel over the city, or through the streets.
(2): ( n.) An account, by a traveler, of occurrences and observations during a journey; as, a book of travels; - often used as the title of a book; as, Travels in Italy.
(3): ( v. t.) To force to journey.
(4): ( v. i.) To labor; to travail.
(5): ( v. i.) To pass by riding, or in any manner, to a distant place, or to many places; to journey; as, a man travels for his health; he is traveling in California.
(6): ( v. i.) To pass; to go; to move.
(7): ( v. t.) To journey over; to traverse; as, to travel the continent.
(8): ( n.) The act of traveling, or journeying from place to place; a journey.
(9): ( n.) The length of stroke of a reciprocating piece; as, the travel of a slide valve.
(10): ( n.) Labor; parturition; travail.
King James Dictionary [2]
TRAV'EL, a different orthography and application of travail.
1. To walk to go or march on foot as, to travel from London to Dover, or from New York to Philadelphia. So we say, a man ordinarily travels three miles an hour. This is the proper sense of the word, which implies toil. 2. To journey to ride to a distant place in the same country as, a man travels for his health he is traveling to Virginia. A man traveled from London to Edinburgh in five days. 3. To go to a distant country, or to visit foreign states or kingdoms, either by sea or land. It is customary for men of rank and property to travel for improvement. Englishmen travel to France and Italy. Some men travel for pleasure or curiosity others travel to extend their knowledge of natural history. 4. To pass to go to move. News travels with rapidity.
Time travels in divers paces with divers persons.
5. To labor. See Travail. 6. To move, walk or pass, as a beast, a horse, ox or camel. A horse travels fifty miles in a day a camel twenty.
Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words [3]
1: Διέρχομαι (Strong'S #1330 — Verb — dierchomai — dee-er'-khom-ahee )
"to go or pass through," is translated "travelled" in Acts 11:19 . See Come , No. 5.
Matthew 25:14Go
Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament [4]
See Roads and Travel.
References
