Difference between revisions of "Merari"
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== Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_36495" /> == | == Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_36495" /> == | ||
<p> ("sorrowful"), because of the anguish attending his birth (Genesis 46:8; | <p> ("sorrowful"), because of the anguish attending his birth ( Genesis 46:8; Genesis 46:11). (See [[Levites.)]] Third of Levi's sons, Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. Born before Jacob's going down to Egypt; of the 70 who accompanied him. The [[Mahlites]] and Mushites were the two families of [[Merarites]] at the Exodus and in the wilderness ( 1 Chronicles 6:19; 1 Chronicles 6:47; Numbers 3:20; Numbers 3:33-37; Numbers 4:29-33; Numbers 4:42-45; Numbers 7:8; Numbers 10:17-21). They followed after Judah's standard, and before Reuben's in the march, to set up the tabernacle against the Kohathites' arrival. Their charge was the tabernacle boards, pillars, etc., four wagons and eight oxen being assigned them. Joshua assigned them 12, cities out of Reuben, Gad, and [[Zebulun]] ( Joshua 21:7; Joshua 21:34-40). </p> <p> They shared with the Gershonites and [[Kohathites]] the offices of singers, doorkeepers, etc., under David ( 1 Chronicles 15:1-6; 1 Chronicles 23:5-6; 1 Chronicles 23:21-23; 1 Chronicles 26:10; 1 Chronicles 26:19); in Nehemiah's time also ( Nehemiah 11:15-16). Lord [[A.]] Hervey (Smith's Dictionary) supposes [[Jeduthun]] the patronymic title of the house, [[Ethan]] the head in David's time, and that Jeduthnn was brother of an ancestor of Ethan before [[Hashabiah]] ( 1 Chronicles 6:45; 1 Chronicles 25:3; 1 Chronicles 25:19) and son of [[Hilkiah]] or Amaziah. Thus, the "sons of Ethan" are distinct from "sons of Jeduthun," and the difficulty is explained how in David's time there could be sons of "sons of Jeduthun" above 30 years of age for they filled offices ( 1 Chronicles 26:10; 1 Chronicles 16:38), at the same time that Jeduthun is said to be" chief of the singers." </p> | ||
== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_73878" /> == | == Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_73878" /> == | ||
<p> Mer'ari. (bitter, unhappy). Third son of Levi, and head of the third great division, of the Levites, the Merarites. Genesis 46:8; Genesis 46:11. At the time of the Exodus, and the numbering in the wilderness, the Merarites consisted of two families, the Mahlites and the Mushites, [[Mahli]] and [[Mushi]] being either the two sons, or the son and grandson of Merari. 1 Chronicles 6:19; 1 Chronicles 6:47. </p> <p> Their chief, at that time, was Zuriel. Their charge was the cords of the [[Tabernacle]] and the court, and all the tools connected with setting them up. In the division of the land by Joshua, the Merarites had twelve cities assigned to them, out of Reuben, [[Gad]] and Zebulun. Joshua 21:7; Joshua 21:34-40; 1 Chronicles 6:63; 1 Chronicles 77-81. In the days of Hezekiah, the Merarites were still flourishing. 2 Chronicles 29:12; 2 Chronicles 29:15. </p> | <p> '''Mer'ari.''' ''(bitter, unhappy).'' Third son of Levi, and head of the third great division, of the Levites, the Merarites. Genesis 46:8; Genesis 46:11. At the time of the Exodus, and the numbering in the wilderness, the Merarites consisted of two families, the Mahlites and the Mushites, [[Mahli]] and [[Mushi]] being either the two sons, or the son and grandson of Merari. 1 Chronicles 6:19; 1 Chronicles 6:47. </p> <p> Their chief, at that time, was Zuriel. Their charge was the cords of the [[Tabernacle]] and the court, and all the tools connected with setting them up. In the division of the land by Joshua, the Merarites had twelve cities assigned to them, out of Reuben, [[Gad]] and Zebulun. Joshua 21:7; Joshua 21:34-40; 1 Chronicles 6:63; 1 Chronicles 77-81. In the days of Hezekiah, the Merarites were still flourishing. 2 Chronicles 29:12; 2 Chronicles 29:15. </p> | ||
== American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_16722" /> == | == American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_16722" /> == | ||
<p> The youngest of Levi's three sons, born in Canaan, and head of a family of the Levites, Genesis 46:11; Exodus 6:16; Numbers 3:17; 1 Chronicles 6:1 . In the journey through the wilderness they were charged with the framework of the tabernacle, to carry from one place of encampment to another, and there set it up, Numbers 4:29-33; 7:8 . Twelve cities were assigned to them beyond Jordan, Joshua 21:7,34-40 . </p> | <p> The youngest of Levi's three sons, born in Canaan, and head of a family of the Levites, Genesis 46:11; Exodus 6:16; Numbers 3:17; 1 Chronicles 6:1 . In the journey through the wilderness they were charged with the framework of the tabernacle, to carry from one place of encampment to another, and there set it up, Numbers 4:29-33; 7:8 . Twelve cities were assigned to them beyond Jordan, Joshua 21:7,34-40 . </p> | ||
== Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_42327" /> == | == Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_42327" /> == | ||
Genesis 46: | Genesis 46:11 Exodus 6:16 Numbers 3:17 1 Chronicles 6:16 1 Chronicles 23:6 | ||
== Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_32778" /> == | == Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_32778" /> == | ||
Genesis 46: | Genesis 46:11 Exodus 6:16 Exodus 6:19[[Merarites]] | ||
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_6065" /> == | == International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_6065" /> == | ||
<p> ''''' mḗ ''''' - ''''' rā´rı̄ ''''' ( מררי , <i> ''''' merārı̄ ''''' </i> , "bitter"; Μαραρεί , <i> ''''' Marareı́ ''''' </i> ): </p> <p> (1) The 3son of Levi, his brothers, [[Gershon]] and Kohath, being always mentioned together with him (Genesis 46:11; Exodus 6:16 ff). He was among those 70 who went down to | <p> ''''' mḗ ''''' - ''''' rā´rı̄ ''''' ( מררי , <i> ''''' merārı̄ ''''' </i> , "bitter"; Μαραρεί , <i> ''''' Marareı́ ''''' </i> ): </p> <p> (1) The 3son of Levi, his brothers, [[Gershon]] and Kohath, being always mentioned together with him ( Genesis 46:11; Exodus 6:16 ff). He was among those 70 who went down to Egypt with Jacob ( [[Genesis]] 46:8 , Genesis 46:11; compare Genesis 46:26 and Exodus 1:5 ). </p> <p> (2) The family of Merari, descendants of above, and always - with one exception, for which see Merarites - spoken of as "sons of Merari" in numerous references, such as 1 Chronicles 6:1 , 1 Chronicles 6:16 , 1 Chronicles 6:19 , 1 Chronicles 6:29 , which only repeat without additional information the references to be found in the body of this article. We early find them divided into two families, the Mahli and Mushi ( Exodus 6:19; Numbers 3:17 , Numbers 3:20 , Numbers 3:33 ). At the exodus they numbered, under their chief Zuriel, 6,200, and they were assigned the north side of the tabernacle as a tenting-place ( Numbers 3:34 , Numbers 3:35 ), thus sharing in the honor of those who immediately surrounded the tabernacle - the south side being given to the Kohathites, the west to the Gershonites, and the east - toward the sun-rising - being reserved for Moses, Aaron and his sons ( Numbers 3:23 , Numbers 3:29 , Numbers 3:35 , Numbers 3:38 ). To the Merarites was entrusted the care of the boards, bars, pillars, sockets, vessels, pins and cords of the tabernacle ( Numbers 3:36 , Numbers 3:37; Numbers 4:29-33 ). They and the Gershonites were "under the hand" of Ithamar, son of Aaron, the sons of Gershon having charge of the softer material of the tabernacles - curtains, covers, hangings, etc. ( Numbers 3:25 , Numbers 3:26 ). When reckoned by the number fit for service, i.e. between 30 and 50 years, the sons of [[Merari]] were 3,200 strong ( Numbers 4:42-45 ). Because of the weight of the material in their charge they were allowed 4 wagons and 8 oxen for carriage ( Numbers 7:8 ). In marching, when the tabernacle was taken down, the standard of Judah went first ( Numbers 10:14 ); then followed the Merarites bearing the tabernacle ( Numbers 10:17 ), and after them came the standard of [[Reuben]] ( Numbers 10:18 ). After the settlement in [[Canaan]] they had 12 cities assigned them out of Gad, Reuben and Zebulun ( Joshua 21:7 , Joshua 21:34-40; 1 Chronicles 6:63 , 1 Chronicles 6:77-81 ), just as the other two branches of Levi's family had their 12 cities respectively assigned out of the other tribes (Josh 21). The names of these [[Merarite]] cities are given (loc. cit.), and among them is Ramoth-gilead, one of the cities of refuge ( Joshua 21:38 ). It is evident from 1 Chronicles 6:44-47; 1 Chronicles 16:41; 1 Chronicles 25:1 , 1 Chronicles 25:3 , 1 Chronicles 25:6 , 1 Chronicles 25:9 , 1 Chronicles 25:11 , 1 Chronicles 25:15 , 1 Chronicles 25:19 , 1 Chronicles 25:21 f; compare 1 Chronicles 15:6 , 1 Chronicles 15:17-19 that they had charge under Ethan or Jeduthun of the temple music in the service. In David's time [[Asaiah]] was their chief ( 1 Chronicles 15:6 ). Himself and 220 of the family helped David to bring up the Ark. David divided the [[Levites]] into courses among the Gershonites, Kohathites and Merarites ( 1 Chronicles 23:6; compare 1 Chronicles 23:21-23; 1 Chronicles 24:26-30 ). The functions of certain Merarites are described in 1 Chronicles 26:10-19 . They also took part in cleansing the temple in Hezekiah's time ( 2 Chronicles 29:12 ) as well as in the days of [[Josiah]] ( 2 Chronicles 34:12 ), helping to repair the house of the Lord. Among the helpers of Ezra, too, we find some of them numbered ( Ezra 8:18 , Ezra 8:19 ). The family seems to have played a very important part in keeping steady and true such faithfulness as remained in Israel. </p> <p> (3) The father of [[Judith]] ( Judith 8:1; 16:7 ). </p> | ||
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_50744" /> == | == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_50744" /> == | ||
<p> (Hebrews Merari', מְרָרַי, sad; Sept. Μεραρί), the youngest son of Levi, probably born in Canaan (Genesis 46:11; Exodus 6:16; Numbers 3:17; 1 Chronicles 6:1). | <p> (Hebrews Merari', מְרָרַי, ''sad'' ; Sept. Μεραρί), the youngest son of Levi, probably born in Canaan ( Genesis 46:11; Exodus 6:16; Numbers 3:17; 1 Chronicles 6:1). [[Bc.]] 1874. Of Merari's personal history, beyond the fact of his birth before the descent of Jacob into Egypt, and of his being one of the seventy who accompanied Jacob thither, we know nothing whatever ( Genesis 46:8; Genesis 46:11). He became the head of the third great division (מַשְׁפָּחָה ) of the Levites, whose designation in [[Hebrew]] is the same as that of their progenitor, only with the article prefixed, viz. הִמְּרָרַי, i.e. the Merarites ( Exodus 6:19), who during the march through the desert had charge of the materials of the Tabernacle ( Numbers 3:36; Numbers 4:30 sq.), for the transportation of which they were provided with four carts, each drawn by a yoke of oxen ( Numbers 7:8). In [[Palestine]] they were assigned twelve trans-Jordanic cities for a residence ( Joshua 21:7; Joshua 21:34 sq.). (See [[Merarite]]). </p> | ||
== Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_16239" /> == | == Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_16239" /> == | ||
Revision as of 22:02, 12 October 2021
Fausset's Bible Dictionary [1]
("sorrowful"), because of the anguish attending his birth ( Genesis 46:8; Genesis 46:11). (See Levites.) Third of Levi's sons, Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. Born before Jacob's going down to Egypt; of the 70 who accompanied him. The Mahlites and Mushites were the two families of Merarites at the Exodus and in the wilderness ( 1 Chronicles 6:19; 1 Chronicles 6:47; Numbers 3:20; Numbers 3:33-37; Numbers 4:29-33; Numbers 4:42-45; Numbers 7:8; Numbers 10:17-21). They followed after Judah's standard, and before Reuben's in the march, to set up the tabernacle against the Kohathites' arrival. Their charge was the tabernacle boards, pillars, etc., four wagons and eight oxen being assigned them. Joshua assigned them 12, cities out of Reuben, Gad, and Zebulun ( Joshua 21:7; Joshua 21:34-40).
They shared with the Gershonites and Kohathites the offices of singers, doorkeepers, etc., under David ( 1 Chronicles 15:1-6; 1 Chronicles 23:5-6; 1 Chronicles 23:21-23; 1 Chronicles 26:10; 1 Chronicles 26:19); in Nehemiah's time also ( Nehemiah 11:15-16). Lord A. Hervey (Smith's Dictionary) supposes Jeduthun the patronymic title of the house, Ethan the head in David's time, and that Jeduthnn was brother of an ancestor of Ethan before Hashabiah ( 1 Chronicles 6:45; 1 Chronicles 25:3; 1 Chronicles 25:19) and son of Hilkiah or Amaziah. Thus, the "sons of Ethan" are distinct from "sons of Jeduthun," and the difficulty is explained how in David's time there could be sons of "sons of Jeduthun" above 30 years of age for they filled offices ( 1 Chronicles 26:10; 1 Chronicles 16:38), at the same time that Jeduthun is said to be" chief of the singers."
Smith's Bible Dictionary [2]
Mer'ari. (bitter, unhappy). Third son of Levi, and head of the third great division, of the Levites, the Merarites. Genesis 46:8; Genesis 46:11. At the time of the Exodus, and the numbering in the wilderness, the Merarites consisted of two families, the Mahlites and the Mushites, Mahli and Mushi being either the two sons, or the son and grandson of Merari. 1 Chronicles 6:19; 1 Chronicles 6:47.
Their chief, at that time, was Zuriel. Their charge was the cords of the Tabernacle and the court, and all the tools connected with setting them up. In the division of the land by Joshua, the Merarites had twelve cities assigned to them, out of Reuben, Gad and Zebulun. Joshua 21:7; Joshua 21:34-40; 1 Chronicles 6:63; 1 Chronicles 77-81. In the days of Hezekiah, the Merarites were still flourishing. 2 Chronicles 29:12; 2 Chronicles 29:15.
American Tract Society Bible Dictionary [3]
The youngest of Levi's three sons, born in Canaan, and head of a family of the Levites, Genesis 46:11; Exodus 6:16; Numbers 3:17; 1 Chronicles 6:1 . In the journey through the wilderness they were charged with the framework of the tabernacle, to carry from one place of encampment to another, and there set it up, Numbers 4:29-33; 7:8 . Twelve cities were assigned to them beyond Jordan, Joshua 21:7,34-40 .
Holman Bible Dictionary [4]
Genesis 46:11 Exodus 6:16 Numbers 3:17 1 Chronicles 6:16 1 Chronicles 23:6
Easton's Bible Dictionary [5]
Genesis 46:11 Exodus 6:16 Exodus 6:19Merarites
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [6]
mḗ - rā´rı̄ ( מררי , merārı̄ , "bitter"; Μαραρεί , Marareı́ ):
(1) The 3son of Levi, his brothers, Gershon and Kohath, being always mentioned together with him ( Genesis 46:11; Exodus 6:16 ff). He was among those 70 who went down to Egypt with Jacob ( Genesis 46:8 , Genesis 46:11; compare Genesis 46:26 and Exodus 1:5 ).
(2) The family of Merari, descendants of above, and always - with one exception, for which see Merarites - spoken of as "sons of Merari" in numerous references, such as 1 Chronicles 6:1 , 1 Chronicles 6:16 , 1 Chronicles 6:19 , 1 Chronicles 6:29 , which only repeat without additional information the references to be found in the body of this article. We early find them divided into two families, the Mahli and Mushi ( Exodus 6:19; Numbers 3:17 , Numbers 3:20 , Numbers 3:33 ). At the exodus they numbered, under their chief Zuriel, 6,200, and they were assigned the north side of the tabernacle as a tenting-place ( Numbers 3:34 , Numbers 3:35 ), thus sharing in the honor of those who immediately surrounded the tabernacle - the south side being given to the Kohathites, the west to the Gershonites, and the east - toward the sun-rising - being reserved for Moses, Aaron and his sons ( Numbers 3:23 , Numbers 3:29 , Numbers 3:35 , Numbers 3:38 ). To the Merarites was entrusted the care of the boards, bars, pillars, sockets, vessels, pins and cords of the tabernacle ( Numbers 3:36 , Numbers 3:37; Numbers 4:29-33 ). They and the Gershonites were "under the hand" of Ithamar, son of Aaron, the sons of Gershon having charge of the softer material of the tabernacles - curtains, covers, hangings, etc. ( Numbers 3:25 , Numbers 3:26 ). When reckoned by the number fit for service, i.e. between 30 and 50 years, the sons of Merari were 3,200 strong ( Numbers 4:42-45 ). Because of the weight of the material in their charge they were allowed 4 wagons and 8 oxen for carriage ( Numbers 7:8 ). In marching, when the tabernacle was taken down, the standard of Judah went first ( Numbers 10:14 ); then followed the Merarites bearing the tabernacle ( Numbers 10:17 ), and after them came the standard of Reuben ( Numbers 10:18 ). After the settlement in Canaan they had 12 cities assigned them out of Gad, Reuben and Zebulun ( Joshua 21:7 , Joshua 21:34-40; 1 Chronicles 6:63 , 1 Chronicles 6:77-81 ), just as the other two branches of Levi's family had their 12 cities respectively assigned out of the other tribes (Josh 21). The names of these Merarite cities are given (loc. cit.), and among them is Ramoth-gilead, one of the cities of refuge ( Joshua 21:38 ). It is evident from 1 Chronicles 6:44-47; 1 Chronicles 16:41; 1 Chronicles 25:1 , 1 Chronicles 25:3 , 1 Chronicles 25:6 , 1 Chronicles 25:9 , 1 Chronicles 25:11 , 1 Chronicles 25:15 , 1 Chronicles 25:19 , 1 Chronicles 25:21 f; compare 1 Chronicles 15:6 , 1 Chronicles 15:17-19 that they had charge under Ethan or Jeduthun of the temple music in the service. In David's time Asaiah was their chief ( 1 Chronicles 15:6 ). Himself and 220 of the family helped David to bring up the Ark. David divided the Levites into courses among the Gershonites, Kohathites and Merarites ( 1 Chronicles 23:6; compare 1 Chronicles 23:21-23; 1 Chronicles 24:26-30 ). The functions of certain Merarites are described in 1 Chronicles 26:10-19 . They also took part in cleansing the temple in Hezekiah's time ( 2 Chronicles 29:12 ) as well as in the days of Josiah ( 2 Chronicles 34:12 ), helping to repair the house of the Lord. Among the helpers of Ezra, too, we find some of them numbered ( Ezra 8:18 , Ezra 8:19 ). The family seems to have played a very important part in keeping steady and true such faithfulness as remained in Israel.
(3) The father of Judith ( Judith 8:1; 16:7 ).
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature [7]
(Hebrews Merari', מְרָרַי, sad ; Sept. Μεραρί), the youngest son of Levi, probably born in Canaan ( Genesis 46:11; Exodus 6:16; Numbers 3:17; 1 Chronicles 6:1). Bc. 1874. Of Merari's personal history, beyond the fact of his birth before the descent of Jacob into Egypt, and of his being one of the seventy who accompanied Jacob thither, we know nothing whatever ( Genesis 46:8; Genesis 46:11). He became the head of the third great division (מַשְׁפָּחָה ) of the Levites, whose designation in Hebrew is the same as that of their progenitor, only with the article prefixed, viz. הִמְּרָרַי, i.e. the Merarites ( Exodus 6:19), who during the march through the desert had charge of the materials of the Tabernacle ( Numbers 3:36; Numbers 4:30 sq.), for the transportation of which they were provided with four carts, each drawn by a yoke of oxen ( Numbers 7:8). In Palestine they were assigned twelve trans-Jordanic cities for a residence ( Joshua 21:7; Joshua 21:34 sq.). (See Merarite).
Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature [8]
Mera´ri, (bitter), youngest son of Levi, born in Canaan (;; : ). He is only known from his name having been given to one of the three great divisions of the Levitical tribe.
References
- ↑ Merari from Fausset's Bible Dictionary
- ↑ Merari from Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ↑ Merari from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary
- ↑ Merari from Holman Bible Dictionary
- ↑ Merari from Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ↑ Merari from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
- ↑ Merari from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
- ↑ Merari from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature
