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| == American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_16464" /> == | | == Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_56312" /> == |
| <p> 1. THE BAPTIST, the forerunner of our [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] Christ, was the son of [[Zacharias]] and Elisabeth, and was born about six months before Christ, as [[Reland]] and Robinson suppose at Juttah, [[Joshua]] 21:16 [[Luke]] 1:29 , a town some five miles south of Hebron, but according to tradition at a place about four miles west of Jerusalem. [[Several]] [[Old]] [[Testament]] predictions found their fulfillment in him. [[See]] [[Isaiah]] 40:3 [[Matthew]] 3:3 [[Malachi]] 3:1 4:5 Matthew 11:14 . [[His]] birth, name, and office were also foretold by the angel [[Gabriel]] to his father Zacharias while ministering at the temple altar. Several other supernatural incidents attended the visit of [[Mary]] to Elisabeth, and the birth and naming of John, Luke 1:1-80 . [[He]] passed his early life among the crags of [[Eastern]] Judea, and when not far from thirty years of age, appeared as a prophet of the Lord. Being also a priest by birth, and an austere [[Nazarite]] in appearance and mode of life, he was like a reproduction of [[Elijah]] of old. Crowds flocked from all quarters to hear the word of [[God]] from his lips boldly denouncing their sins, and to receive the baptism of repentance preparatory to the full revelation of grace in Christ. [[Among]] others, the [[Savior]] at length came, and was baptized as an example of obedience to all divine enjoinments. [[John]] was at once satisfied that Jesus was the Messiah, but "knew him not" by any divine intimation till he saw the appointed sign, the descending Spirit. He then stood forth as the representative of "all the law and the prophets," pointing the world to [[Christ]] as an atoning Savior, and thus introduced Him to His public ministry: "Behold the [[Lamb]] of God, which taketh away the sin of the world," John 1:29 [[Galatians]] 3:24 . </p> <p> John enjoyed at this time a high degree of popular veneration, Luke 3:15; the [[Sanhedrin]] sent a deputation to question him, John 1:19-28 , king [[Herod]] "did many things, and heard him gladly." But he laid all he had at the Savior's feet, John 1:27 3:33 . We read several times of his "disciples," Matthew 9:14 Luke 5:33 John 3:23-15 4:1; and meet with subsequent traces of the wide extent of his influence, Acts 18:25 19:3 . We know not why he continued for a time his separate ministry, instead of attending Christ. He persevered, however, in his faithful labors for reformation; and these, in the second year afterwards, led to his imprisonment by Herod Antipas. See Matthew 11:3 . He may have been moved to send this message by some lingering [[Jewish]] views as to a temporal Messiah, who would right all their national wrongs, or by some temporary unbelieving haste to have Christ publicly announce his Messiahship. It was on this occasion that Christ calls him greater than any other prophet; because, of all the prophets of the Messiah, he alone saw Him entering on his work whom all "desired to see;" yet he was less than the "least in the kingdom of God," inasmuch as he died without seeing that kingdom established in the death and resurrection of his Lord. But his earthly work was soon done. Herod, according to Josephus, feared his great influence over the people, and [[Herodias]] dreaded his bold fidelity to her husband. The dancing of her daughter Salome, and the vow of the besotted king, furnished a pretext. John was beheaded in prison; his disciples buried his remains with honor, and "went and told Jesus," Matthew 14:3-12 </p> <p> 2. THE APOSTLE AND EVANGELIST, son of [[Zebedee]] and Salome, was a native of [[Bethsaida]] in Galilee. Zebedee and his sons were fishermen, and appear to have been in easy circumstances, [[Mark]] 1:20 15:40 John 18:15 19:27 . [[In]] John's character there was an admirable mixture of gentleness and force. The picture the [[Bible]] gives of him has a peculiar charm, so much peace, humility, charity, and brotherly love glow in it. His affectionate, meditative, spiritual character had also the elements of vigor and decision, Luke 9:54 . [[Though]] amiable, he was firm and fearless. He was present at the scene of the Savior's crucifixion, which he describes as an eyewitness, John 19:35 . He was early at the tomb of the Redeemer, and after his ascension, boldly proclaimed the gospel at Jerusalem, Acts 4:13 , though imprisoned, scourged, and threatened with death. He was remarkable for devotion to Christ; and it was this, perhaps, as much as ambition, that led him to request a place at His right hand, Matthew 20:20-24 . He is supposed to have been the youngest of the apostles. He had been a disciple of John the Baptist; but on being directed to Christ, at once attached himself to him. [[For]] a time he returned to his employment by the sea of Galilee, but was soon called to leave all and attend the Savior, Luke 5:5-10 . Christ had a particular friendship for this lovely and zealous disciple, John 13:23 19:26 20:2 21:7 . At the last supper, he reclined next to the Savior, and to his care the dying [[Redeemer]] committed his mother. [[Together]] with [[Peter]] and [[James]] he witnessed the transfiguration, and the agony in the garden. See [[James]] . </p> <p> After the ascension of our Lord, John continued to reside at Jerusalem, where he was one of the chief pillars of the church, Galatians 2:9 . [[About]] A. D. 65, it is thought, he removed to Ephesus, and labored to diffuse the gospel in [[Asia]] Minor, where for many years after the death of [[Paul]] his great personal and apostolic influence was widely exerted. About A. D. 95, he was banished, probably by Domitian, to the isle of Patmos, where he had the visions described in the Apocalypse. He afterwards returned to Ephesus, where he lived to a very great age, so that he could scarcely go to the assembly of the church without being carried by his disciples. Being now unable to make long discourses, his custom was to say in all assemblies, "Little children, love one another;" and when they wondered at his frequent repetition of this concise exhortation, his answer was, "This is what the Lord commands you; and this, if you do it, is sufficient." Chrysostom, Clement, and [[Eusebius]] relate that on his return from [[Patmos]] he found that a young man of promise under his charge had been misled, and had joined a band of robbers; and that the aged apostle sought him out in his mountain haunts, and by the blessing of God on his fearless and faithful love, reclaimed his soul from death. He died at Ephesus, in the third year of Trajan, A. D. 100, being then, according to Epiphanius, ninetyfour years of age. He was buried near that city, and several of the fathers mention his sepulchre as being there. </p> <p> [[Besides]] the invaluable gospel and the Apocalypse, which bear his name, we have three EPISTLES of JOHN. The first is a catholic or general letter, designed apparently to go with his gospel, and refute certain [[Gnostic]] errors as to the person of Christ; but also and chiefly to build up the church universal in truth and grace, and especially in holy love. The second epistle is addressed "to the elect lady," or the excellent Kuria, who was probably some [[Christian]] woman eminent for piety and usefulness. The third is directed to Gaius, the [[Latin]] Caius, whom John praises for his fidelity and hospitality, and exhorts to persevere in every good work. The [[Revelation]] and epistles of John, it is generally believed, were written about 96-98 A. D. They are the latest books of the New Testament cannon, which, as the last surviving apostle, he must have greatly aided in settling. </p> <p> 3. [[Surnamed]] MARK. See MARK. </p> | | <p> <b> JOHN. </b> —The father of [[Simon]] [[Peter]] (John 1:42; [[John]] 21:15-17, [[Revised]] [[Version]] NT 1881, OT 1885; [[Authorized]] Version <i> [[Jonas]] </i> ). [[See]] Peter. </p> |
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| == Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_32125" /> == | | == International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_5188" /> == |
| <li> THE APOSTLE, brother of [[James]] the "Greater" (Matthew 4:21; 10:2; [[Mark]] 1:19; 3:17; 10:35 ). [[He]] was one, probably the younger, of the sons of [[Zebedee]] (Matthew 4:21 ) and [[Salome]] (Matthew 27:56; [[Compare]] Mark 15:40 ), and was born at Bethsaida. [[His]] father was apparently a man of some wealth (Compare Mark 1:20; [[Luke]] 5:3; [[John]] 19:27 ). He was doubtless trained in all that constituted the ordinary education of [[Jewish]] youth. When he grew up he followed the occupation of a fisherman on the [[Lake]] of Galilee. When John the [[Baptist]] began his ministry in the wilderness of Judea, John, with many others, gathered round him, and was deeply influenced by his teaching. There he heard the announcement, "Behold the [[Lamb]] of God," and forthwith, on the invitation of Jesus, became a disciple and ranked among his followers (John 1:36,37 ) for a time. He and his brother then returned to their former avocation, for how long is uncertain. [[Jesus]] again called them (Matthew 4 :: 21; Luke 5:1-11 ), and now they left all and permanently attached themselves to the company of his disciples. He became one of the innermost circle (Mark 5:37; [[Matthew]] 17:1; 26:37; Mark 13:3 ). He was the disciple whom Jesus loved. [[In]] zeal and intensity of character he was a "Boanerges" (Mark 3:17 ). This spirit once and again broke out (Matthew 20:20-24; Mark 10:35-41; Luke 9:49,54 ). At the betrayal he and [[Peter]] follow [[Christ]] afar off, while the others betake themselves to hasty flight (John 18:15 ). At the trial he follows Christ into the council chamber, and thence to the praetorium (18:16,19,28) and to the place of crucifixion (19:26,27). To him and Peter, [[Mary]] first conveys tidings of the resurrection (20:2), and they are the first to go and see what her strange words mean. After the resurrection he and Peter again return to the [[Sea]] of Galilee, where the [[Lord]] reveals himself to them (21:1,7). We find Peter and John frequently after this together (Acts 3:1; 4:13 ). John remained apparently in [[Jerusalem]] as the leader of the church there (Acts 15:6; [[Galatians]] 2:9 ). His subsequent history is unrecorded. He was not there, however, at the time of Paul's last visit (Acts 21:15-40 ). He appears to have retired to Ephesus, but at what time is unknown. The seven churches of [[Asia]] were the objects of his special care (Revelation 1:11 ). He suffered under persecution, and was banished to [[Patmos]] (1:9); whence he again returned to Ephesus, where he died, probably about A.D. 98, having outlived all or nearly all the friends and companions even of his maturer years. There are many interesting traditions regarding John during his residence at Ephesus, but these cannot claim the character of historical truth. <div> <p> [[Copyright]] StatementThese dictionary topics are from M.G. Easton M.A., D.D., [[Illustrated]] [[Bible]] Dictionary, [[Third]] Edition, published by [[Thomas]] Nelson, 1897. [[Public]] Domain. </p> <p> Bibliography InformationEaston, Matthew George. [[Entry]] for 'John'. Easton's Bible Dictionary. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/ebd/j/john.html. 1897. </p> </div> </li> | | <p> ( Ἰωάννης , <i> ''''' Iōánnēs ''''' </i> ): The name of 4 persons: </p> <p> (1) [[John The Baptist]] (which see). </p> <p> (2) The apostle, the son of Zebedee, and brother of [[James]] (see [[John]] , The [[Apostle]] ). </p> <p> (3) A relative of [[Annas]] the high priest, who sat in the [[Sanhedrin]] when [[Peter]] and [[John]] were tried (Acts 4:6 ). Lightfoot supposes him to be the Jochanan ben [[Zacchai]] of the Talmud, who, however, did not belong to the family of the high priest. [[Nothing]] is really known of him. </p> <p> (4) [[John Mark]] (which see). </p> <p> (5) [[Father]] of [[Simon]] Peter (John 1:42; John 21:15 , John 21:17 , margin "Greek <i> '''''Joanes''''' </i> : called in [[Matthew]] 16:17 , Jonah"). </p> |
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| == Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_36000" /> == | | == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_46219" /> == |
| <p> 1. [[ With]] [[ Annas]] and Caiaphas, tried [[ Peter]] and [[ John]] for curing the impotent man and preaching in the temple (Acts 4:6 ). The same as [[ Rabbi]] [[ Johanan]] ben Zaccai, who lived 40 years before the temple's destruction, and presided over the great synagogue after its removal to Jabne or [[ Jamnia]] (Lightfoot). </p> <p> 2. The evangelist Mark's [[ Hebrew]] name (Acts 12:12; Acts 12:25; Acts 13 :5; Acts 13:13; Acts 15:37). (See MARK. ) </p> | | <p> is the name of several early [[Scotch]] prelates: </p> <p> 1. [[ Consecrated]] bishop of the see of [[Glasgow]] in 1115. Some time after he made a visit to the [[Holy]] Land. [[He]] rebuilt and adorned the cathedral church, and consecrated it in July, 1136; divided the diocese into two archdeaconries of Glasgow and Teviotdale, set up the offices of dean, subdean, chancellor, treasurer, sacrist, chantor, and succentor, and settled a prebend upon each of them out of the donations he had received from the king. He was witness to a charter of St. David's to the monastery of Newbottle in 1140. He died [[May]] 28, 1147. [[See]] Keith, [[ Scottish]] Bishops, page 232. </p> <p> 2. A monk of Sais, in Normandy, and bishop of the see of the [[Isles]] about 1151. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 297. </p> <p> 3. Consecrated (with Hugh) bishop of St. Andrews in 1178. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 12. </p> <p> 4. [[Bishop]] of [[ Caithness]] in 1185, and witness to king [[William]] in a donation to the abbey of Kinloss, at the time when [[ Hugo]] was chancellor of the kingdom. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 206. </p> <p> 5. Bishop of [[Galloway]] in 1189. He became a monk of [[Holyrood]] [[House]] in 1206, and died in 1209. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 272. </p> <p> 6. Bishop of [[Aberdeen]] about 1200, and such in 1201. He died in 1207. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 105. </p> <p> 7. [[ Probably]] bishop of the Isles in 1226. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 299. </p> <p> 8. Bishop of [[ Dunkeld]] in 1356, and was still such in 1365. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 84. </p> <p> 9. Probably bishop of the Isles about 1388. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 304. </p> <p> 10. Bishop of [[Ross]] in 1420, and witness in the same year to a resignation made by William Graham of his barony of Kerdale into the hands of Thomas, earl of Moray. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 189. </p> <p> 11. Bishop of the Isles about 1490, and privy-councillor to king [[ James]] IV, from whom he received the abbacy of Icolumkill in 1507. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 305. </p> <p> 12. Bishop of [[ Argyle]] in 1499. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 288. </p> <p> 13. [[Joannes]] Electus Sodoren, sat in the [[Parliament]] in 1524. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 306. </p> |
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| == Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_41319" /> == | | == The Nuttall Encyclopedia <ref name="term_75201" /> == |
| <p> 1. [[John]] the Apostle, the son of Zebedee, the brother of James. [[Harmonizing]] [[Matthew]] 27:56 with [[Mark]] 15:40 suggests that John's mother was Salome. [[If]] she was also the sister of Jesus' mother ( John 19:25 ), then John was Jesus' first cousin. This string of associations is so conjectural, though, that we cannot be sure of it. [[Because]] [[James]] is usually mentioned first when the two brothers are identified, some have also conjectured that John was the younger of the two. </p> <p> The sons of [[Zebedee]] were among the first disciples called (Matthew 4:21-22; Mark 1:19-20 ). They were fishermen on the [[Sea]] of [[Galilee]] and probably lived in Capernaum. Their father was sufficiently prosperous to have “hired servants” (Mark 1:20 ), and [[Luke]] 5:10 states that James and John were “partners with Simon” Peter. </p> <p> John is always mentioned in the first four in the lists of the twelve (Matthew 10:2; Mark 3:17; Luke 6:14; Acts 1:13 ). John is also among the “inner three” who were with [[Jesus]] on special occasions in the [[Synoptic]] Gospels: the raising of Jairus' daughter (Mark 5:37 ), the transfiguration (Mark 9:2 ), and the [[Garden]] of [[Gethsemane]] (Mark 14:32-33 ). [[Andrew]] joined these three when they asked Jesus about the signs of the coming destruction of [[Jerusalem]] (Mark 13:3 ). </p> <p> The sons of Zebedee were given the surname <i> [[Boanerges]] </i> , “sons of thunder” (Mark 3:17 ). When a [[Samaritan]] village refused to receive Jesus, they asked, “Lord, wilt thou that we command fire to come down from heaven, and consume them?” (Luke 9:54 ). The only words in the Synoptic [[Gospels]] attributed specifically to John are: “Master, we saw one casting out devils in thy name and we forbad him, because he followeth not us” (Mark 9:38; Luke 9:49 ). [[On]] another occasion the two brothers asked to sit in places of honor, on Jesus' left and right in [[His]] glory (Mark 10:35-41; compare Matthew 20:20-24 ). On each of these occasions Jesus challenged or rebuked John. Luke 22:8 , however, identifies [[Peter]] and John as the two disciples who were sent to prepare the [[Passover]] meal for Jesus and the disciples. </p> <p> The apostle John appears three times in the [[Book]] of Acts, and each time he is with Peter (Acts 1:13; Acts 3:1-11; Acts 4:13 ,Acts 4:13,4:20; Acts 8:14 ). After Peter healed the man, they were arrested, imprisoned, and then released. They were “unlearned and ignorant men” (Acts 4:13 ), but they answered their accusers boldly: “we cannot but speak the things which we have seen and heard” (Acts 4:20 ). Later, John and Peter were sent to [[Samaria]] to confirm the conversion of [[Samaritans]] (Acts 8:14 ). </p> <p> [[Paul]] mentioned John only once: “James, [[Cephas]] [Simon Peter], and John, who seemed to be pillars” of the church agreed that Paul and [[Barnabas]] would go to the Gentiles, while they would work among the [[Jews]] (Galatians 2:9 ). </p> <p> The [[Gospel]] of John does not mention James or John by name, and it contains only one reference to the sons of Zebedee (John 21:2 ). An unnamed disciple who with Andrew had been one of John the Baptist's disciples is mentioned in John 1:35 , and an unnamed disciple helped Peter gain access to the house of the high priest in John 18:15-16 . The disciple in these verses may have been the [[Beloved]] Disciple, who reclined with Jesus during the last supper (John 13:23-26 ), stood at the cross with Jesus' mother (John 19:25-27 ), ran with Peter to the empty tomb (John 20:2-10 ), and recognized the risen [[Lord]] after the great catch of fish (John 21:7 ). The need to clarify what Jesus had said about the death of the Beloved [[Disciple]] (John 21:20-23 ) probably indicates that the Beloved Disciple had died by the time the Gospel of John was put in final form by the editor who speaks in John 21:24-25 and attributes the Gospel to this Beloved Disciple. </p> <p> [[Five]] books of the New [[Testament]] have been attributed to John the Apostle: the Gospel, three Epistles, and Revelation. [[In]] each case, the traditional view that the apostle was the author of these books can be traced to writers in the second century. [[Neither]] the Gospel nor the epistles identify their author by name. The author of [[Revelation]] identifies himself as “John” (Revelation 1:1 , Revelation 1:4 , Revelation 1:9; Revelation 22:8 ) but does not claim to be the apostle. [[Much]] of the weight of the traditional view of the authorship of the Gospel rests on the testimony of Irenaeus, bishop of Lugdunum in [[Gaul]] (A.D. 130-200). </p> <p> The origin of the attribution of the five writings to the apostle is difficult to trace. The strongest argument can probably be made for the traditional view of the authorship of Revelation. Its author claims to be “John,” it is associated with [[Patmos]] and Ephesus, and in tone it fits the character of the apostle who was called “Boanerges.” [[Justin]] Martyr, moreover, in the earliest testimony regarding the authorship of Revelation attributes it to John. </p> <p> [[Internal]] evidence from the Gospel and [[Epistles]] provides many [[Bible]] students reasons to question the traditional view. The Gospel does not mention the “inner three” disciples as a group, nor does it refer to any of the events at which these three were present with Jesus: the raising of Jairus' daughter, the transfiguration, and the agony of Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane. Clearly, the editor of the Gospel, who refers to himself in John 21:24-25 , links the Gospel with the Beloved Disciple. The question is whether that disciple was John or some other apostle. </p> <p> The author of the epistles identifies himself as “the elder” (2 John 1:1 , 3 John 1:1 ), but never claims to be the apostle. Neither does the author of these epistles claim the authority to command the church to follow his instructions. Instead, he reasons with them and urges the church to abide in what it has received and what it has heard from the beginning. </p> <p> In sum, a strong tradition linking the apostle John to the authorship of these five New Testament writings can be traced to the second century. [[Modern]] scholarship has raised questions about the credibility of this tradition, and discussion of these matters continues. [[Many]] would agree, however, that the strongest case can be made for the apostolic authorship of Revelation, followed in order by the Gospel and Epistles. Many Bible students continue to follow tradition and attribute all five books to the apostle. </p> <p> Legends about the apostle continued to develop long after his death. According to tradition, John lived to an old age in Ephesus, where he preached love and fought heresy, especially the teachings of Cerinthus. The tomb of John was the side of a fourth-century church, over which [[Justinian]] built the splendid basilica of St. John. The ruins of this basilica are still visible in [[Ephesus]] today. </p> <p> The Apocryphon of John is an early gnostic work that purports to contain a vision of the apostle John. [[Copies]] were found among the codices at [[Nag]] Hammadi. The work itself must go back at least to the second century because [[Irenaeus]] quoted from it. </p> <p> The Acts of John is a third-century apocryphal writing which records miraculous events, John's journey to Rome, his exile on Patmos, accounts of several journeys, and a detailed account of John's death. In theology this work is Docetic, and it was eventually condemned by the [[Second]] [[Nicene]] [[Council]] in 787. </p> <p> The apostle John also has a place in the martyrologies of the medieval church. A fifth-century writer, [[Philip]] of Side, and [[George]] the Sinner, of the ninth century, report that [[Papias]] (second century) wrote that James and John were killed by the Jews (Acts 12:2 ), but these reports are generally dismissed as fabrications based on interpretations of Mark 10:39 . [[See]] [[The Gospel [[Of]] John]]; [[The [[Letters]] Of John]]; Revelation of John. </p> <p> 2. John the Baptist, a prophet from a priestly family, who preached a message of repentance, announced the coming of the Messiah, baptized Jesus, and was beheaded by [[Herod]] Antipas. </p> <p> Luke 1:5-80 records the birth of John the [[Baptist]] in terms similar to the birth of Isaac. Zechariah, John's father, was a priest from the division of Abijah. Elizabeth, his mother, was a descendant of Aaron. The angel [[Gabriel]] announced John's birth, while [[Zechariah]] was burning incense in the Temple. John would not drink wine or strong drink. [[He]] would be filled with the [[Holy]] Spirit, and as a prophet he would have the spirit and power of Elijah. His role would be to prepare the Lord's people for the coming of the Messiah. </p> <p> Mark 1:3-4 records that John was in the wilderness until the time of his public ministry. There he ate locusts and wild honey. He wore the dress of a prophet, camel's hair and a leather girdle ( Matthew 3:4; Mark 1:6; see 2 Kings 1:8 ). Because of his life in the wilderness, his priestly background, his preaching of repentance to Israel, and his practice of baptism, it is often suggested that John grew up among the [[Essenes]] at Qumran. This theory is attractive, but it cannot be confirmed. Neither can the origin of John's practice of baptizing be traced with certainty. Washings had long been part of [[Jewish]] piety, and by the time of John, [[Gentile]] converts to [[Judaism]] washed themselves as a form of ceremonial cleansing. The Essenes at [[Qumran]] practiced ritual washings and had an elaborate procedure for admission to the community. John's baptism may owe something to the [[Essene]] practices, but we cannot determine the extent of this influence. </p> <p> According to Luke, John began his ministry around the [[Jordan]] [[River]] in the fifteenth year of the reign of [[Tiberius]] [[Caesar]] (Luke 3:1-3 ), which must have been A.D. 26 or 27. John's preaching emphasized the coming judgment, the need for repentance, and the coming of the Messiah. Luke also emphasizes the ethical teachings of John: he called the multitudes a “generation of vipers” (Luke 3:7 ); one who had two coats should give one to a person who had none; tax collectors were warned to collect no more than their due; and soldiers were instructed to rob no one and be content with their wages” (Luke 3:10-14 ). </p> <p> Jesus was baptized by John, a fact that all the evangelists except Mark attempted to explain. Matthew 3:15 explains that it was “to fulfill all righteousness.” Luke recorded that John was thrown in prison before he said that Jesus also was baptized ( Luke 3:20-21 ), and John told of the baptism of Jesus but only through the testimony of John the Baptist himself. Thus, the witness of John the Baptist to Jesus is featured, deflecting any possibility that later followers of the Baptist might argue that John was superior to Jesus (Matthew 3:11-12; Mark 1:7-8; Luke 3:15-17; John 1:15 , John 1:19-36 ). </p> <p> [[Various]] sayings give us glimpses of John's ministry. His disciples practiced fasting (Mark 2:18 ), and he taught them to pray (Luke 11:1 ). John was vigorous in his attacks on Herod. In contrast to Herod's household he lived an austere existence (Matthew 11:7-9 ). Some criticized John for his ascetic life-style (Matthew 11:16-19 ), but Jesus praised John as the greatest of the prophets (Matthew 11:11 ). John's popularity with the people is reflected in Matthew 21:31-32; Mark 11:27-32; Luke 7:29-30; John 10:41 . </p> <p> In an account that parallels the New Testament closely, [[Josephus]] stated that Herod [[Antipas]] arrested John and subsequently executed him at [[Machaerus]] because “he feared that John's so extensive influence over the people might lead to an uprising.” Many believed that the defeat of Herod's armies by the [[Nabateans]] was God's judgment on Herod for the death of John the Baptist. While John was in prison, he sent two of his disciples to inquire whether Jesus was the coming [[One]] (Matthew 11:2-3; Luke 7:18-23 ). John's death is recorded in detail in Mark 6:14-29 . </p> <p> According to the Gospel of John, the ministry of Jesus overlapped with that of John (John 3:22-24; contrast Mark 1:14 ), and some of Jesus' first disciples had also been disciples of John the Baptist (John 1:35-37 ). Jesus even identified John with the eschatological role of [[Elijah]] (Matthew 17:12-13; Mark 9:12-13 ). </p> <p> John's movement did not stop with his death. Indeed, some believed that Jesus was John, raised from the dead (Mark 6:14-16; Mark 8:28 ). Years later, a group of John's followers were found around Ephesus, among them the eloquent [[Apollos]] (Acts 18:24-19:7 ); and for centuries John's influence survived among the Mandeans, who claimed to perpetuate his teachings. See [[Baptism]] . </p> <p> 3. [[Relative]] of Annas, the high priest (Acts 4:6 ), unless manuscripts reading [[Jonathan]] are right. </p> <p> 4. John Mark. See Mark. </p> <p> R. [[Alan]] Culpepper </p> | | <p> The name of no fewer than 23Popes. </p> <p> ope from 523 to 526, was canonised; </p> <p> ope from 532 to 535; </p> <p> ope from 560 to 578; </p> <p> ope from 640 to 642; </p> <p> ope from 686 to 687; </p> <p> ope from 701 to 705; </p> <p> ope from 705 to 707; </p> <p> ope from 872 to 882; </p> <p> ope from 898 to 900; </p> <p> ope from 914 to 928; </p> <p> ope from 931 to 936; </p> <p> ope from 956 to 964—was only 18 when elected, led a licentious life; </p> <p> ope from 965 to 972; </p> <p> ope from 984 to 985; </p> <p> ope in 985; </p> <p> ope from 985 to 996; </p> <p> ope in 1003; </p> <p> ope from 1003 to 1009; </p> <p> ope from 1024 to 1033; </p> <p> nti-Pope from 1043 to 1046; </p> <p> ope from 1276 to 1277; </p> <p> earned man, a steadfast, and a courageous; </p> <p> ope in 1410, deposed in 1415—was an able man, but an unscrupulous. </p> |
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| == Hitchcock's Bible Names <ref name="term_46160" /> ==
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| == Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary <ref name="term_48018" /> ==
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| <p> Is an abbreviation of Johannan, and of much the same meaning. We need not dwell much upon this name, neither the persons so eminently distinguished by it. Their histories and worth are graciously preserved in the New [[Testament]] by [[God]] the [[Holy]] Ghost, and their names are in the book of life. </p> <p> [[John]] the [[Baptist]] hath the priority in point of time, being born six months before the birth of the [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] Christ. John, the beloved apostle, was the youngest of all the disciples, and is not unfrequently distinguished by the title of the disciple whom Jesus loved. We have abundant cause to bless God for the ministry of this man, on account of the precious gospel which bears his name, and also for those three Epistles, as well as the [[Book]] of the Revelations, with which the sacred canon of [[Scripture]] closeth. </p> <p> There is another John surnamed Mark, spoken of with honourable testimony in the New Testament. (Acts 12:12) This man, though called John, and surnamed Mark, was neither the apostle John nor the evangelist Mark, but another person. [[Paul]] speaks of him. Colossians 4:10. </p>
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| == Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_52031" /> ==
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| <p> <strong> JOHN. 1. </strong> The father of Mattathias, and grandfather of the five Maccabæan brothers ( 1M [[Malachi]] 2:1 ). <strong> 2. </strong> The eldest son of [[Mattathias]] ( 1M Malachi 2:2 ). [[In]] b.c. 161 he was slain by the ‘sons of Jambri’ ( 1Ma 9:35-42 ). In 2Ma 8:22 , and perhaps again 10:19, he is by mistake called <strong> [[Joseph]] </strong> . <strong> 3 </strong> . The father of [[Eupolemus]] ( 1Ma 8:17 , 2Ma 4:11 ), who was sent by [[Judas]] Maccabæus as an ambassador to Rome. <strong> 4. </strong> An envoy sent by the [[Jews]] to treat with [[Lysias]] ( 2Ma 11:17 ). <strong> 5. </strong> [[One]] of the sons of [[Simon]] the [[Maccabee]] ( 1Ma 16:2 ), commonly known as [[John]] Hyrcanus, and described as ‘a (valiant) man’ ( 1Ma 13:53 ). [[See]] Maccabees, § <strong> 5 </strong> , <strong> 6 </strong> . The father of Simon [[Peter]] ( John 1:42; John 21:15-17 RV [Note: [[Revised]] Version.]; AV [Note: [[Authorized]] Version.] <strong> [[Jonas]] </strong> ), who is called in [[Matthew]] 16:7 <strong> [[Bar-Jona]] </strong> ( <strong> h </strong> ). In the latter passage the form <em> Jônâs </em> may be a contraction for <em> Jôançs </em> , or possibly Peter’s father had two names, as in the case of <em> [[Saul]] [[Paul]] </em> . <strong> 7. </strong> One of the high-priestly family ( Acts 4:6 ). <strong> 8. </strong> John [[Mark]] (see Mark). <strong> 9. 10. </strong> [[For]] the [[Baptist]] and the [[Apostle]] see the following two articles. </p>
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| == Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_56314" /> ==
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| <p> [[See]] [[James]] and John, Sons of Zebedee. </p> | |
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| == Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_67054" /> ==
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| <p> 1. Kinsmanof [[Annas]] the high priest. Acts 4:6 . </p> <p> 2. [[Son]] of Mary. [[See]] MARK. </p>
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| == People's Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_70332" /> ==
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| <p> [[John]] (jŏn) the Baptist, whom [[God]] tores. The forerunner of our Saviour. [[He]] was the son of [[Zacharias]] and Elisabeth, both belonging to priestly families. [[Luke]] 1:5. [[His]] birth, name, and work were foretold by the angel Gabriel. He grew up a Nazirite, and when about 30 years old began to preach in the wilderness of Judæa. His dress, food, and manner of life were like Elijah. He was fearless and faithful, and met with success among the people; yet he was humble and gave great honor to Jesus, who came to his baptism. At the request of Jesus, John, however, baptized him. John continued his labors with growing popularity for a year and a half, when he was cast into prison by Herod, whom he reproved for marrying his brother Philip's wife. [[In]] prison his faith seemed to waver, for he sent to [[Jesus]] to know if he were really the Messiah, and received a satisfactory answer. [[Matthew]] 11:4-6. But the malice of Herodias, whose connection with [[Herod]] whom John had rebuked, wrought his death. Matthew 14:6-12. John was beheaded in prison on Herod's birthday, at the request of the wicked Herodias. His disciples buried his body and went and told Jesus. </p>
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| == Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_73302" /> ==
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| <p> John. (Jehovah's gift). The same name as Johanan, a contraction of Jehohanan. </p> <p> 1. [[One]] of the high priest's family, who, with [[Annas]] and Caiaphas, sat in judgment, upon the apostles, [[Peter]] and John. Acts 6:6. </p> <p> 2. The [[Hebrew]] name, of the evangelist, Mark. Acts 12:12; Acts 12:25; Acts 13:5; Acts 13:13; Acts 15:37. </p> | |
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| == Whyte's Dictionary of Bible Characters <ref name="term_197282" /> ==
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| <p> JOHN, fisherman's son and all, was born with one of the finest minds that have ever been bestowed by God's goodness upon any of the sons of men. We sometimes call [[John]] the [[Christian]] Plato. Now when we say that our meaning is that John had by nature an extraordinarily rich and deep and lofty and beautiful mind. John had a profoundly intuitive mind. An inward, meditating, brooding, imaginative, mystical, spiritual mind, [[Plato]] had all that, even more perhaps than John. But, then, Plato had not John's privileges and opportunities. Plato had not been brought up on the [[Old]] Testament, and he had only had [[Socrates]] for his master. And thus it is that he has only been able to leave to us the Symposium, and the Apology, and the Phædo. [[Whereas]] John has left to us his Gospel, and his Epistles, and his Apocalypse. John has the immortal honour of having conceived and meditated and indited the most magnificent passage that has ever been written with pen and ink. The first fourteen verses of John's [[Gospel]] stand alone and supreme over all other literature, sacred and profane. The [[Word]] was God, and the Word was made flesh. These two sentences out of John contain far more philosophy; far more grace, and truth, and beauty, and love; than all the rest that has ever been written by pen of man, or spoken by tongue of man or angel. [[Philo]] also has whole volumes about the Logos. But the [[Logos]] in Philo, in Newman's words, is but a "notion": a noble notion, indeed, but still a cold, a bare, and an inoperative notion. Whereas the Word of John is a [[Divine]] Person; and, moreover, a Divine [[Person]] in human nature: a revelation, an experience, and a possession, of which John himself is the living witness and the infallible proof. I have heard of him by the hearing of the ear, said Philo. But mine eyes have seen and mine hands have handled the Word of Life, declares John. And, with the Word made flesh, and set before such eyes as John's eyes were, no wonder that we have such books from his hands as the [[Fourth]] Gospel, the [[First]] Epistle, and the Apocalypse. </p> <p> [[How]] did John sink so deep into the unsearchable things of his Master, while all the other disciples stood all their discipleship days on the surface? What was it in John that lifted him so high above Peter, and Thomas, and Philip, and made him first such a disciple, and then such an apostle, of wisdom and of love? [[For]] one thing it was his gift and grace of meditation. John listened as none of them listened to all that his [[Master]] said, both in conversation, and in debate, and in discourse. John thought and thought continually on what he saw and heard. The seed fell into good ground. John was one of those happy men, and a prince among them, who have a deep root in themselves. And the good seed sprung up in him an hundredfold. The first [[Psalm]] was all fulfilled in John. For he meditated day and night on his Master, and on his Master's words, till he was like David's tree that was planted by the rivers of water so that its leaf never withered, nor was its fruit ever wanting in its season. [[Meditate]] on Divine things, my brethren. Be men of mind, and be sure you be men of meditation. [[Mind]] is the highest thing, and meditation is the highest use of mind; it is the true root, and sap, and fatness of all faith and prayer and spiritual obedience. Why are our minds so blighted and so barren in the things of God? Why have we so little faith? Why have we so little hold of the reality and nobility of Divine things? The reason is plain-we seldom or never meditate. We read our New Testament, on occasion, and we hear it read, but we do not take time to meditate. We pray sometimes, or we pretend to pray; but do we ever set ourselves to prepare our hearts for the mercy-seat by strenuous meditation on who and what we are; on who and what [[He]] is to whom we pretend to pray; and on what it is we are to say, and do, and ask, and receive? We may never have heard of Philo, but we all belong to his barren school. The [[Lord]] [[Jesus]] [[Christ]] is but a name and a notion to us; a sacred name and notion, it may be, but still only a name and a notion. The thought of Jesus Christ seldom or never quickens, or overawes, or gladdens our heart. Whereas, when we once become men of meditation, Jesus Christ, and the whole New [[Testament]] concerning Him, and the whole New [[Jerusalem]] where He is preparing a place for us, will become more to us than our nearest friend: more to us than this city with all its most pressing affairs. Our conventional morning chapter about what Jesus Christ did and said, and is at this moment doing and saying, will then be far more real to us than all our morning papers and all our business letters. Nor is this the peculiar opportunity and privilege of men of learning only. John was not a man of learning. John was described as an ignorant and an unlearned man, though all the time he was carrying about in his mind the whole of the Fourth Gospel. My brethren, meditate on John's Gospel. Meditate on that which was not made without long, and deep, and divinely-assisted meditation. You may be the most unlearned man in this learned city tonight, and yet such is John's Gospel, and such is the power and the blessedness of meditation on it, that John will look down on you after your house is asleep tonight, and will say over you, as you now sit, and now stand, and now kneel with his Gospel in your hands-"That which we have seen and heard declare we unto you, that you may have fellowship with us; and truly our fellowship is with the [[Father]] and with [[His]] [[Son]] Jesus Christ." </p> <p> [[Meditation]] with imagination. [[All]] that John writes is touched and informed and exalted with this divinest of all the talents. The Apocalypse, with all its splendours, was in God's mind toward us when He said, [[Let]] us make Zebedee's son, and let us make him full of eyes within. Do not be afraid at the word "imagination," my brethren. It has been sadly ill-used, both name and thing. But it is a noble name and a noble thing. There is nothing so noble in all that is within us. Our outward eye is the noblest of all our outward organs, and our inward eye is the noblest of all our inward organs. And its noblest use is to be filled full of Jesus Christ, as John's inward eye was. John did not write his [[Apocalypse]] without that great gift in its fullest exercise. And we cannot read aright what he has written without that same exercise. We cannot pray aright without it. We cannot have either faith or love aright without it. And just in the measure we have imagination, and know how to use it, we shall have one of the noblest instruments in our own hand for the enriching and perfecting of our whole intellectual and spiritual life. I do not say that the [[Book]] of [[Revelation]] is the noblest product of John's noble imagination. For, all that was within John, imagination and meditation and love, was all moved of the [[Holy]] [[Ghost]] up to its highest and its best in the production of the great [[Prologue]] to the Fourth Gospel. At the same time, it is in the Revelation that John's glorified imagination spreads out its most golden wings and waves them in the light of heaven. Only it will take both meditation and imagination to see that. But to see that will be one of our best lessons from this greatly-gifted and greatly-blessed apostle tonight. </p> <p> And, then, as was sure to come to pass, the disciple of meditation and imagination becomes at last, the apostle of love. At the [[Last]] Supper, and as soon as [[Judas]] had gone out. Jesus said to the eleven, "A new commandment I give unto you, that ye love one another. [[As]] I have loved you, that ye also love one another. [[By]] this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to another." [[Eleven]] thoughtful and loving hearts heard that new commandment and the comfort that accompanied it. But in no other heart did that Divine seed fall into such good ground as in his heart who at that moment lay on Jesus bosom. "Little children, love one another," was the aged apostle's whole benediction as the young men carried him into the church of [[Ephesus]] every Lord's Day. And when he was asked why he always said that, and never said any more than that, he always replied, "Because this is our Lord's sole commandment, and if we all fulfil this, nothing more is needed. For love is the fulfilling of the law." </p> | |
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| == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_46224" /> ==
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| <p> (Ι᾿ωάννη, the [[Greek]] form of Jehohanan; comp. Josephus, Ant. 8, 15, 2), a common name among the [[Jews]] after the captivity. </p> <p> I. [[In]] the [[Apocrypha]] the following occur under this rendering in the A.V.: </p> <p> 1. The father of Matathias, of the [[Maccabean]] family (1 [[Maccabees]] 2:1). (See [[Maccabees]]). </p> <p> 2. The son of Accos, and father of Eupolemus, which latter was one of the envoys sent by [[Judas]] Maccabaeus to [[Rome]] (1 Maccabees 8:17; 2 Maccabees 4:11). </p> <p> 3. [[Surnamed]] [[Caddis]] (q.v.), the eldest son of the same Matathias, and one of the Maccabean brothers (1 Maccabees 2:2, Johanan; less correctly [[Joseph]] in 2 Maccabees 8:22). [[He]] had been sent by his brother [[Jonathan]] on a message to the Nabathaeans, when he was taken prisoner by "the children of Jambri" (q.v.), from Medeba, and appears to have been put to death by them (1 Maccabees 9:35-36; 1 Maccabees 9:38) </p> <p> 4. [[One]] of the persons sent by the Jews with a petition to the [[Syrian]] general [[Lysias]] (2 Maccabees 11:17). </p> <p> 5. The son of [[Simon]] Maccabaeus (1 Maccabees 13:53; 1 Maccabees 16:1-2; 1 Maccabees 16:9; 1 Maccabees 16:19; 1 Maccabees 16:21; 1 Maccabees 16:23), better known by the epithet HYRCANUS (See [[Hyrcanus]]) (q.v.). </p> <p> II. In the New [[Testament]] the following are all that are mentioned, besides JOHN THE APOSTLE and JOHN THE BAPTIST, who are noticed separately below: </p> <p> 1. One of the high priest's family, who, with [[Annas]] and Caiaphas, sat in judgment upon the apostles [[Peter]] and [[John]] for their cure of the lame man and preaching in the [[Temple]] (Acts 4:6), A.D. 29. Lightfoot identifies him with R. [[Johanan]] Ben-Zachai, who lived forty years before the destruction of the Temple, and was president of the great synagogue after its removal to Jabne, or [[Jamnia]] (Lightfoot, Cent. [[Chor.]] Matth. praef. ch. 15; see also Selden, [[De]] Synedriis, 2, ch. 15). [[Grotius]] merely says he was known to [[Rabbinical]] writers as "John the priest" (Comm. in Acts 4). — Smith. </p> <p> 2. The [[Hebrew]] name of the evangelist MARK (See [[Mark]]) (q.v.), who throughout the narrative of the Acts is designated by the name by which he was known among his countrymen (Acts 12:12; Acts 12:25; Acts 13:5; Acts 13:13; Acts 15:37). </p> <p> III. In [[Josephus]] the following are the most noteworthy of this name, besides the above and JOHN OF GISCHALA, whom we notice separately below: </p> <p> 1. A high priest (son of Judas, and grandson of Eliashib), who slew his brother [[Jesus]] in the Temple, thereby provoking the vengeance of Bagoses, the [[Persian]] viceroy under [[Artaxerxes]] (Ant. 11, 7, 1). He corresponds to the Jonathan (q.v.), son of Joiada, of [[Nehemiah]] 12:10-11. (See [[High Priest]]). </p> <p> 2. [[Son]] of Dorcas, sent by the [[Sicarii]] with ten executioners to murder the persons taken into custody by John of [[Gischala]] on his arrival in [[Jerusalem]] (Josephus, War, 4, 3, 5). </p> <p> 3. Son of Sosas, one of the four popular generals of the [[Idumaeans]] who marched to Jerusalem in aid of the zealots at the instance of John of Gischala (Josephus. War, 4, 4, 2). He was possibly the same with John the Essene, spoken of as commander of the toparchy of [[Shamma]] at an earlier stage of the war (ib. 2, 20, 4; comp. 3, 2, 1). He was mortally wounded by a dart during the final siege (ib. 5, 6, 5). </p> | |
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| == The Nuttall Encyclopedia <ref name="term_75176" /> ==
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| <p> [[King]] of [[England]] from 1199 to 1216, was clever and vivacious, but the most vicious, profane, false, short-sighted, tyrannical, and unscrupulous of [[English]] monarchs; the son of [[Henry]] II., he married Hawisa of Gloucester, and succeeded his brother [[Richard]] I., being Richard's nominee, and the tacitly elect of the people; his nephew, Arthur, claimed the [[French]] dominions, and was supported by the French king, Philip; in 1200 he divorced Hawisa, and married [[Isabel]] of Angoulême, a child-heiress; this provoked the French barons; in the war that ensued Arthur was captured, and subsequently murdered either by [[John]] himself or by his orders; [[Philip]] invaded Normandy, and with the fall of the Château-Gaillard in 1204, most of the French possessions were lost to the English crown; then followed John's quarrel with [[Pope]] [[Innocent]] III. over the election of an archbishop of Canterbury; the Pope consecrated [[Stephen]] Langton; John refused to receive him; in 1208 the kingdom was placed under an interdict, and next year the king was excommunicated; John on his side confiscated [[Church]] property, exiled the bishops, exacted homage of [[William]] of Scotland, and put down risings in [[Ireland]] and Wales; but a bull, deposing him and absolving his vassals from allegiance, forced him to submit, and he resigned his crown to the Pope's envoy in 1213; this exaction on Innocent's part initiated the opposition to [[Rome]] which culminated in the English Reformation; the rest of the reign was a struggle between the king, relying on his suzerain the Pope, and the people, barons, and clergy, for the first time on one side; war broke out; the king was forced to sign Magna [[Charta]] at Runnymede in 1215, but the Pope annulled the Charter; the barons appealed for help to the Dauphin, and were prosecuting the war when John died at [[Newark]] (1167-1216). </p>
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| ==References == | | ==References == |
| <references> | | <references> |
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| <ref name="term_16464"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/john John from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref> | | <ref name="term_56312"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/john+(2) John from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref> |
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| <ref name="term_32125"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/john John from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_36000"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/john John from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_41319"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/john John from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_46160"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hitchcock-s-bible-names/john John from Hitchcock's Bible Names]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_48018"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hawker-s-poor-man-s-concordance-and-dictionary/john John from Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_52031"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/john John from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_56314"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/john John from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_67054"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/john John from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_70332"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/people-s-dictionary-of-the-bible/john John from People's Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_73302"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/john John from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_197282"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/whyte-s-dictionary-of-bible-characters/john John from Whyte's Dictionary of Bible Characters]</ref> | | <ref name="term_5188"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/john+(2) John from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> |
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| <ref name="term_46224"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/john John from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> | | <ref name="term_46219"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/john+(2) John from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> |
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| <ref name="term_75176"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/the-nuttall-encyclopedia/john John from The Nuttall Encyclopedia]</ref> | | <ref name="term_75201"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/the-nuttall-encyclopedia/john+(2) John from The Nuttall Encyclopedia]</ref> |
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| </references> | | </references> |
Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament [1]
JOHN. —The father of Simon Peter (John 1:42; John 21:15-17, Revised Version NT 1881, OT 1885; Authorized Version Jonas ). See Peter.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [2]
( Ἰωάννης , Iōánnēs ): The name of 4 persons:
(1) John The Baptist (which see).
(2) The apostle, the son of Zebedee, and brother of James (see John , The Apostle ).
(3) A relative of Annas the high priest, who sat in the Sanhedrin when Peter and John were tried (Acts 4:6 ). Lightfoot supposes him to be the Jochanan ben Zacchai of the Talmud, who, however, did not belong to the family of the high priest. Nothing is really known of him.
(4) John Mark (which see).
(5) Father of Simon Peter (John 1:42; John 21:15 , John 21:17 , margin "Greek Joanes : called in Matthew 16:17 , Jonah").
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature [3]
is the name of several early Scotch prelates:
1. Consecrated bishop of the see of Glasgow in 1115. Some time after he made a visit to the Holy Land. He rebuilt and adorned the cathedral church, and consecrated it in July, 1136; divided the diocese into two archdeaconries of Glasgow and Teviotdale, set up the offices of dean, subdean, chancellor, treasurer, sacrist, chantor, and succentor, and settled a prebend upon each of them out of the donations he had received from the king. He was witness to a charter of St. David's to the monastery of Newbottle in 1140. He died May 28, 1147. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 232.
2. A monk of Sais, in Normandy, and bishop of the see of the Isles about 1151. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 297.
3. Consecrated (with Hugh) bishop of St. Andrews in 1178. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 12.
4. Bishop of Caithness in 1185, and witness to king William in a donation to the abbey of Kinloss, at the time when Hugo was chancellor of the kingdom. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 206.
5. Bishop of Galloway in 1189. He became a monk of Holyrood House in 1206, and died in 1209. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 272.
6. Bishop of Aberdeen about 1200, and such in 1201. He died in 1207. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 105.
7. Probably bishop of the Isles in 1226. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 299.
8. Bishop of Dunkeld in 1356, and was still such in 1365. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 84.
9. Probably bishop of the Isles about 1388. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 304.
10. Bishop of Ross in 1420, and witness in the same year to a resignation made by William Graham of his barony of Kerdale into the hands of Thomas, earl of Moray. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 189.
11. Bishop of the Isles about 1490, and privy-councillor to king James IV, from whom he received the abbacy of Icolumkill in 1507. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 305.
12. Bishop of Argyle in 1499. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 288.
13. Joannes Electus Sodoren, sat in the Parliament in 1524. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 306.
The Nuttall Encyclopedia [4]
The name of no fewer than 23Popes.
ope from 523 to 526, was canonised;
ope from 532 to 535;
ope from 560 to 578;
ope from 640 to 642;
ope from 686 to 687;
ope from 701 to 705;
ope from 705 to 707;
ope from 872 to 882;
ope from 898 to 900;
ope from 914 to 928;
ope from 931 to 936;
ope from 956 to 964—was only 18 when elected, led a licentious life;
ope from 965 to 972;
ope from 984 to 985;
ope in 985;
ope from 985 to 996;
ope in 1003;
ope from 1003 to 1009;
ope from 1024 to 1033;
nti-Pope from 1043 to 1046;
ope from 1276 to 1277;
earned man, a steadfast, and a courageous;
ope in 1410, deposed in 1415—was an able man, but an unscrupulous.
References
