Difference between revisions of "Seventy"

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== Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary <ref name="term_48812" /> ==
<p> We read of our Lord's appointing seventy persons of a rank inferior, it should seem, to the apostles, and sending them out by two and two, before his face, with authority to teach and to preach in the cities. (&nbsp;Luke 10:1, etc,) Some have thought that this was in honour of the seventy called the Septuagint, who were the first that translated the original [[Hebrew]] into Greek, in the time of Eleazin the High Priest, about 240 years before the manifestation of Christ in the flesh. But this is wholly conjectural. It is true that the church of God, by the Lord's appointment, is highly indebted to their ministry on this occasion, It is said to have been undertaken at the request of Ptolomeus Philodelphus, then King of Egypt. How truly blessed is it to minister in the Lord's service, in any and in every employment; yea, how truly honourable! A great and powerful King declared that he would rather be a doorkeeper in the house, of God, than to dwell in the richest tents of wickedness. (&nbsp;Psalms 84:10) And to be a hewer of wood, and a drawer of water, for the Lord's sanctuary, when appointed thereto by the great [[Master]] of the household is more honourable than the seats of the earth. </p>
       
== Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_79204" /> ==
<div> '''1: '''''Ἑβδομήκοντα''''' ''' (Strong'S #1440 — Noun — hebdomekonta — heb-dom-ay'-kon-tah ) </div> <p> occurs in &nbsp;Luke 10:1,17; in &nbsp;Acts 7:14 it precedes pente, "five," lit., "seventy-five," rendered "threescore and fifteen;" for the details see [[Fifteen]] , Note (1); in &nbsp;Acts 23:23 it is translated "threescore and ten;" in &nbsp; Acts 27:37 it precedes hex, "six," lit., "seventy-six," rendered "threescore and sixteen." </p>
       
== Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_173756" /> ==
<p> '''(1):''' ''' (''' n.) A symbol representing seventy units, as 70, or lxx. </p> <p> '''(2):''' ''' (''' n.) The sum of seven times ten; seventy units or objects. </p> <p> '''(3):''' ''' (''' a.) Seven times ten; one more than sixty-nine. </p>
       
== King James Dictionary <ref name="term_62952" /> ==
<p> SEV'ENTY, a. Gr. ten. Seven times ten. </p> <p> That he would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem. </p> <p> &nbsp;Daniel 9 . </p> <p> SEV'ENTY, n. The [[Septuagint]] or seventy translators of the Old [[Testament]] into the Greek language. </p>
       
== Charles Buck Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_20567" /> ==
<p> About the year B. C. 277, the Old Testament was translated into Greek, by the united labours of about seventy learned Jews, and that translation has been since known by the version of the LXX. </p> <p> See SEPTUAGINT. </p>
       
== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_54051" /> ==
<p> <strong> [[Seventy]] </strong> . See Number, § <strong> 7 </strong> . </p>
       
== Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_57461" /> ==
<p> See Numbers. </p>
       
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_60079" /> ==
<p> ( '''''שַׁבְעַי''''' '''''ם''''' , ''Shibim'' ) '','' as being the multiple of the full number seven and the perfect number ten, shares in the sacredness or conventionality of the former in Scripture. (See [[Seven]]). They are sometimes put in contrast in the complete phrase "seventy times seven" (&nbsp;Genesis 4:24; &nbsp;Matthew 18:21). Some of the most remarkable combinations of this number are specified below. </p>
       
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_8021" /> ==
<p> ''''' sev ''''' ´' ''''' n ''''' - ''''' ti ''''' ( שׁבעים , <i> ''''' shibh‛ı̄m ''''' </i> ; ἑβδομή κοντα , <i> ''''' hebdomḗkonta ''''' </i> ). See [[Number]] . </p>
       
==References ==
<references>


Seventy <ref name="term_57470" />
<ref name="term_48812"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hawker-s-poor-man-s-concordance-and-dictionary/seventy Seventy from Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary]</ref>
<p> <b> [[Seventy.]] </b> —The mission of the Seventy,* [Note: Some very ancient [[Mss]] [[(Bdmr)]] read Seventy-two (ἑβδομήκοντα δύο); but [[אAclξ,]] etc., omit δύο.] recorded in Luke 10, belongs to the third year of our Lord’s public ministry. They were sent forth some time after the [[Transfiguration]] (&nbsp;Luke 10:1), when the [[Galilaean]] ministry of Jesus had closed, and when He had ‘set his face to go to Jerusalem’ (&nbsp;Luke 9:51). The mission of the Twelve had taken place in the previous year (&nbsp;Luke 9:1; &nbsp;Luke 9:10).† [Note: Although only Luke mentions the Seventy, indications of Jesus having a wider circle of ‘disciples’ than the Twelve are found elsewhere, as in &nbsp;John 6:66, &nbsp;Acts 1:15, &nbsp;1 Corinthians 15:6.] Seventy was regarded by the [[Jews]] as a complete number of persons for any important work.‡ [Note: The descendants of Jacob who entered [[Goshen]] were seventy (&nbsp;Genesis 46:27). Seventy elders assisted Moses in the work of judgment and instruction (&nbsp;Exodus 18:25; &nbsp;Exodus 24:9, &nbsp;Numbers 11:16; &nbsp;Numbers 11:25). The [[Sanhedrin]] consisted of seventy besides the president (Hastings, [[Db]] iv. 399). The [[Lxx]] is so called from the tradition (first told in a literary fiction usually ascribed to about b.c. 200) that seventy or, more exactly, seventy-two elders executed the version (Hastings’ [[Db]] iv. 438). [[Josephus]] appointed seventy rulers of [[Galilee]] [[(Bj]] ii. xx. 5).] Our Lord may have had specially in view (1) the seventy elders under Moses, who was a type of Himself; (2) the [[Hebrew]] tradition that the nations scattered at [[Babel]] were seventy in number (pseud.-Jon. Targ. [Note: Targum.] on &nbsp;Genesis 11:8),§ [Note: Seventy-two, according to Clem. Recogn. ii. 42. See Driver, Dt. p. 355 f.] just as the appointment of the Twelve may have been suggested by the number of the tribes of Israel. </p> <p> <b> 1. </b> <i> The office and mission of the Seventy resemble those of the Twelve </i> .—(1) [[A]] twofold commission is given in each case to preach and to heal, &nbsp;Matthew 10:7-8, &nbsp;Luke 10:9. (2) Instruction is given to both ( <i> a </i> ) to go in pairs, two and two, &nbsp;Mark 6:7, &nbsp;Luke 10:1, in order to strengthen their testimony and to give mutual help and sympathy; ( <i> b </i> ) to take with them neither purse (for the labourer is worthy of his entertainment), nor wallet (for needless encumbrance was to be avoided), nor shoes, <i> i.e. </i> in addition to the sandals which they wore (for sandals befitted the poor, shoes the well-to-do), &nbsp;Matthew 10:9-10, &nbsp;Mark 6:9, &nbsp;Luke 10:4.|| [Note: | [[A]] somewhat similar prohibition existed (no staff, shoes, scrip, or purse) for those about to enter the Temple: so that this particular instruction to the Seventy may suggest that those sent forth were to perform their service in the spirit of worshippers (Edersheim, The Temple, etc. p. 42).] (3) In each case the burden of the message was ‘Peace’ and the ‘Kingdom of God.’ Peace was and still is the favourite Eastern salutation; the [[Kingdom]] of God was the Jews’ highest aspiration. The Seventy, however, like the Twelve, would use these words, doubtless, with a fresh significance. Peace would include peace with God as well as with men, peace of conscience, the peace of discipleship to a perfect [[Master]] (&nbsp;Matthew 11:28-30): the Kingdom of God would be, not a mere external, but an internal theocracy, the reign of God within as well as over men (&nbsp;Matthew 12:28, &nbsp;Mark 4:26-27); and this [[Empire]] of God was Peace. (4) In both instructions the warning is added that they would be as sheep or lambs amid wolves, &nbsp;Matthew 10:16, &nbsp;Luke 10:3. The Seventy, like the Twelve, were to be prepared for persecution and tribulation. Even in Christ’s lifetime there are indications of His followers being persecuted (&nbsp;John 9:34; &nbsp;John 12:10); and some of the Seventy at least were destined to suffer for Christ’s sake. </p> <p> <b> 2. </b> On the other hand, there are <i> important differences in the two commissions </i> . (1) The mission of the Twelve was permanent; they were pre-eminently Christ’s Apostles: that of the Seventy was temporary; they disappear, as a body, from view, like the Seven of Acts 6, although the office of evangelist, without [[Apostolic]] status, continues (&nbsp;Acts 21:8, &nbsp;Ephesians 4:11). (2) The Twelve were not only to minister, but to administer—to exercise discipline and government (&nbsp;John 20:23, &nbsp;Acts 1:20-26). To the Seventy no such functions were committed: they were simply preachers and healers. (3) The commission to the Twelve was expressly limited to ‘the lost sheep of the house of Israel.’ ‘Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the [[Samaritans]] enter ye not’ (&nbsp;Matthew 10:5-6). It was expedient at first to postpone the obtrusive extension of the privileges of the Kingdom beyond the Jews, lest these should be prejudiced against the gospel. By the time, however, that the Seventy were sent forth, Christ Himself had gone into ‘the borders of [[Tyre]] and Sidon’ (in addition to His earlier visit to Samaria), and had healed the Syrophœnician’s daughter (&nbsp;Mark 7:24). His disciples had thus been educated so far into realization that the Kingdom was intended to embrace others than Jews. The restriction, accordingly, is omitted in the commission to the Seventy, although there is no positive evidence that any of them preached, at this time, to Gentiles. (4) The commission to the Twelve included not only healing, but raising from death: that to the Seventy omits the latter. It is notable that only [[Apostles]] in the special sense are ever represented in the [[Nt]] as raising the dead (&nbsp;Acts 9:40; &nbsp;Acts 20:9-10). (5) [[A]] definite itinerary was arranged for the Seventy: they were to go ‘into every city and place where Jesus himself intended to come’ (&nbsp;Luke 10:1), so as to prepare the way for Him. Their mission field thus included the country east of the Jordan, which was visited by our Lord during this closing year of His ministry. (6) [[A]] special feature of the directions to the Seventy was the injunction to ‘salute no man by the way.’ The ‘time when he should be received up ‘was at hand: there were many places still to be visited; delay in preparing the way must be avoided; the profuse and elaborate salutations, customary on a journey, must be forgone.* [Note: Geikie (The [[Holy]] Land and the Bible, i. pp. 328–329) describes graphically the salutation of two Orientals in [[Palestine]] even at the present day. On meeting, each lays his right hand on his heart, then raises it to his brow or mouth. Thereafter they take hold each of the other’s hand, and a series of particular inquiries follows, taking up considerable time.] </p> <p> <b> 3. </b> <i> [[Return]] of the Seventy </i> (&nbsp;Luke 10:17-20). (1) Their return collectively is related; but we need not infer, what the nature of the case must have prevented, that they all returned simultaneously. As Christ approached some town or district in the itinerary, some pair out of the Seventy would report the outcome of their particular mission. (2) The Seventy return with exultation. Their satisfaction culminated in this: ‘Even demons are subject to us in thy name.’ There was something commendable, and something defective in their joy. It was right to rejoice in the power of exorcism, but there was a higher joy of which, apparently, they thought little, the joy of enrolment among the servants of God. Accordingly (3) the Lord ( <i> a </i> ) manifests His sympathy, [[‘I]] was beholding Satan fall like lightning from heaven’; as if He had been following the Seventy in spirit during the progress of their mission. ( <i> b </i> ) He assures them of security against real harm from the powers of evil. Although they were among ‘serpents and scorpions,’ ‘nothing shall in any wise hurt you’; a special providence would be their privilege, ( <i> c </i> ) He raises their aspirations to a higher level. Even to die in such a service would be ‘gain’; their ‘names are written in heaven’ (cf. Is 4:3, &nbsp;Daniel 12:1). They were fellow-workers with the King, whose cause, even should they suffer tribulation, must prevail. </p> <p> <b> 4. </b> <i> The credibility of the mission of the Seventy </i> has been doubted by Strauss, Baur, de Wette,* [Note: Strauss, Life of Jesus, ii. 94–96; Baur, Evangelien, pp. 435, 498; de Wette, Erklürung Luc. p. 79: Köstlin, Com. p. 267.] and others, owing to (1) the silence of the other [[Gospels]] regarding it; (2) the lack of later authentic trace of the Seventy; the close resemblance between the mission of the Seventy and that of the Twelve, being suggestive, it is argued, of confusion. </p> <p> (1) The argument from silence is not strong; because, owing to the temporary character, so far as appears, of the commission, there was nothing in the organization of the Church, as it existed when the three Gospels were written, such as would constrain an [[Evangelist]] to relate the history of the Seventy; whereas the position and work of the Twelve made it natural, if not necessary, to give some account of the origin of the Apostolate. (2) The fact that Luke relates also the mission of the Twelve, and the notable differences (chronological and circumstantial) between the accounts of the two missions, render it highly improbable that the two narratives refer to a single event. (3) It is inaccurate to say that there is no authentic trace of the Seventy in later times. [[Philip]] ‘the evangelist’ was probably, from this designation (&nbsp;Acts 21:8), one of them. [[Clement]] of Alexandria, writing in the latter part of the 2nd cent., names Barnabas, Matthias, and Cephas, who ‘had the same name with the Apostle,’ as others of the Seventy.† [Note: Strom, ii. 20, Hypotyposeis, v., as quoted by Eus. i. 12.] The historian Eusebius, without giving his authority, states that the [[Barsabbas]] of Acts and the [[Sosthenes]] mentioned in &nbsp;1 Corinthians 1:1 are said to have been of the same company.‡ [Note: i. 12.] The early disappearance of the Seventy as an organization is readily accounted for. They had no authority as rulers such as would make the appointment of successors requisite. One, as we have seen, became an Apostle; Philip became one of the ‘Seven ‘of Acts 6; a considerable number were probably included in one or other of the orders of evangelists, prophets, pastors, and teachers (&nbsp;Ephesians 4:11). The individuals thus, for the most part, doubtless survived, and occupied more or less influential positions; although the office itself, like that of the ‘Seven,’ disappeared.§ [Note: [[A]] professedly complete catalogue of the Seventy is given by pseudo-Dorotheos (6th cent.) as follows:—James (brother of the Lord), Timothy, Titus, Barnabas, Ananias, Stephen, Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Simon, Nicolas, Parmenas, Cleopas, Silas, Silvanus, Crescens, Epenetus, Andronicus, Amplias, Urbanus, Stachys, Apelles, Aristobulus, Narcissus, Herodion, Rufus, Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Hermas, Patrobas, Rhodion, Jason, Agabus, Linus, Gaius, Philologus, Olympas, Sosipater, Lucius, Tertius, Erastus, Phygellus, Hermogenes, Dermas, Quartus, Apollos, Cephas, Sosthenes, Epaphroditus, Caesar, Marcus, [[Joseph]] Barsabbas, Artemas, Clemens, Onesiphorus, Tychicus, Carpus, Euodius, Philemon, Zenas, Aquila, Priscas, Junias, [[Marcus]] (2), Aristarchus, Pudens, Trophimus, [[Lucas]] the Eunuch, Lazarus. The list is manifestly untrustworthy. With some probability, indeed, are included all the seven ‘deacons’ (so called), along with some others (as Barnabas, Barsabbas, Marcus, Cleopas, Silas, Agabus, and Ananias), who were primitive disciples resident in or near Palestine. But many others, including such [[Gentile]] [[Christians]] as Titus, Tychicus, Trophimus, and brethren like Timothy and Apollos, who became converts long after our Lord’s Ascension, are obviously the outcome of indiscriminating conjecture.] </p> <p> <b> 5. </b> <i> The appointment of the Seventy </i> for a definite ministry, yet without ecclesiastical authority such as was conferred on the Twelve, is significant and instructive. Our Lord does not appear to have instituted any definite and detailed form of Church government, but to have left such outward arrangements to the Apostles as His chosen disciples, and through them eventually to the Church itself, under the guidance of the Holy Spirit. Yet the appointment of the Seventy clearly indicates the principle that [[Christian]] ministry, including preaching, is neither to be confined to those who bear rule, nor regarded as entitling those who exercise such ministry to receive office as rulers. On the one hand, some who are able to give valuable service to the Church as evangelists or teachers may not be suitable, or even if suitable may not be required at the time, for rulership. On the other hand, those who bear rule in the Church are not, in the spirit of hierarchical exclusiveness, to discourage brethren who (without having the faculty or opportunity of government) possess some useful gift, from exercising it under due supervision, for the good of the Church and of the community at large. </p> <p> Literature.—Trench, <i> Studies in the Gospels </i> , 231–242; Plummer, ‘St. Luke’ in <i> [[Icc]] </i> [Note: [[Cc]] International Critical Commentary.] ; [[A.]] [[B.]] Bruce, ‘Synoptic Gospels’ in <i> [[Egt]] </i> [Note: [[Gt]] Expositor’s Greek Testanent.] i. pp. 538–542; Meyer, <i> Com. in loc </i> .; Edersheim, <i> Life and Times </i> , ii. pp. 37–43; <i> ExpT </i> [Note: xpT Expository Times.] xv. [1903] 14. </p> <p> Henry Cowan. </p>
       
 
<ref name="term_79204"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/vine-s-expository-dictionary-of-nt-words/seventy Seventy from Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words]</ref>
== References ==
       
<references>
<ref name="term_173756"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/webster-s-dictionary/seventy Seventy from Webster's Dictionary]</ref>
<ref name="term_57470"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/seventy+(2) Seventy from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_62952"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/king-james-dictionary/seventy Seventy from King James Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_20567"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/charles-buck-theological-dictionary/seventy Seventy from Charles Buck Theological Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_54051"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/seventy Seventy from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_57461"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/seventy Seventy from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_60079"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/seventy Seventy from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_8021"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/seventy Seventy from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref>
       
</references>
</references>

Latest revision as of 12:59, 14 October 2021

Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary [1]

We read of our Lord's appointing seventy persons of a rank inferior, it should seem, to the apostles, and sending them out by two and two, before his face, with authority to teach and to preach in the cities. ( Luke 10:1, etc,) Some have thought that this was in honour of the seventy called the Septuagint, who were the first that translated the original Hebrew into Greek, in the time of Eleazin the High Priest, about 240 years before the manifestation of Christ in the flesh. But this is wholly conjectural. It is true that the church of God, by the Lord's appointment, is highly indebted to their ministry on this occasion, It is said to have been undertaken at the request of Ptolomeus Philodelphus, then King of Egypt. How truly blessed is it to minister in the Lord's service, in any and in every employment; yea, how truly honourable! A great and powerful King declared that he would rather be a doorkeeper in the house, of God, than to dwell in the richest tents of wickedness. ( Psalms 84:10) And to be a hewer of wood, and a drawer of water, for the Lord's sanctuary, when appointed thereto by the great Master of the household is more honourable than the seats of the earth.

Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words [2]

1: Ἑβδομήκοντα (Strong'S #1440 — Noun — hebdomekonta — heb-dom-ay'-kon-tah )

occurs in  Luke 10:1,17; in  Acts 7:14 it precedes pente, "five," lit., "seventy-five," rendered "threescore and fifteen;" for the details see Fifteen , Note (1); in  Acts 23:23 it is translated "threescore and ten;" in   Acts 27:37 it precedes hex, "six," lit., "seventy-six," rendered "threescore and sixteen."

Webster's Dictionary [3]

(1): ( n.) A symbol representing seventy units, as 70, or lxx.

(2): ( n.) The sum of seven times ten; seventy units or objects.

(3): ( a.) Seven times ten; one more than sixty-nine.

King James Dictionary [4]

SEV'ENTY, a. Gr. ten. Seven times ten.

That he would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem.

 Daniel 9 .

SEV'ENTY, n. The Septuagint or seventy translators of the Old Testament into the Greek language.

Charles Buck Theological Dictionary [5]

About the year B. C. 277, the Old Testament was translated into Greek, by the united labours of about seventy learned Jews, and that translation has been since known by the version of the LXX.

See SEPTUAGINT.

Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible [6]

Seventy . See Number, § 7 .

Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament [7]

See Numbers.

Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature [8]

( שַׁבְעַי ם , Shibim ) , as being the multiple of the full number seven and the perfect number ten, shares in the sacredness or conventionality of the former in Scripture. (See Seven). They are sometimes put in contrast in the complete phrase "seventy times seven" ( Genesis 4:24;  Matthew 18:21). Some of the most remarkable combinations of this number are specified below.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [9]

sev ´' n - ti ( שׁבעים , shibh‛ı̄m  ; ἑβδομή κοντα , hebdomḗkonta ). See Number .

References

  1. ↑ Seventy from Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary
  2. ↑ Seventy from Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words
  3. ↑ Seventy from Webster's Dictionary
  4. ↑ Seventy from King James Dictionary
  5. ↑ Seventy from Charles Buck Theological Dictionary
  6. ↑ Seventy from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
  7. ↑ Seventy from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament
  8. ↑ Seventy from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
  9. ↑ Seventy from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
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