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| == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_57485" /> ==
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| <p> ( '''''אִיל''''' ''',''' ''Dyil; '''''Κριός''''' '' ) ''.'' As this animal, fattened, was a favorite article of food ( Genesis 31:38; Ezekiel 39:18), it was considered, when offered as sacrifice, of higher value than sheep and lambs ( Genesis 15:9, Numbers 15:5-6; Numbers 23:1 sq.; Numbers 28:11 sq., Numbers 28:28 sq.; Micah 6:7), and the legal ritual gave exact directions on the sacrifice of them. The rams were sometimes burnt-offerings ( Leviticus 8:18; Leviticus 8:21; Leviticus 9:2; Leviticus 16:3; Numbers 7:15; Psalm 46:15; Isaiah 1:11; Ezekiel 45:23, etc.), sometimes thank-offerings ( Leviticus 9:4; Leviticus 9:18; Numbers 6:14; Numbers 6:17; Numbers 7:17; Numbers 28:11, etc.), sometimes trespass-offerings ( Leviticus 5:15; Leviticus 18:25; Leviticus 6:6; comp. Leviticus 19:21; Numbers 5:8; Ezra 10:19, etc.). The ram, too, appears not only in public and private offerings in general, but especially in the purifying sacrifices of the [[Nazarite]] ( Numbers 6:14) and the sacrifices of Priestly Consecration. It was not used as a sin-offering. In 2 Chronicles 29:21 only ''The Seven He-Goats'' belong to ''The Sin-Offering,'' as 2 Chronicles 29:23 shows; the rams, with the other animals, forming the burnt- offering. The use of the ram as thank- and trespass-offering is pointed out in Exodus 29:22 (comp. Leviticus 8:16; Leviticus 9:19; Isaiah 34:6). The [[Greeks]] and Romans used rams for sacrifice only exceptionally; yet comp. Pliny, [[''H. N]] 34:'' 19, 19. In Egypt this was more frequent (Wilkinson, v, 191 sq.); only in the Thebais it was prohibited, save at the great annual festival of [[Amman]] (Herod. ii, 42). On the symbolic use of the ram in Daniel to signify the [[Persian]] empire, (See [[Cattle]]), No. II; and on the (See [[Battering-Ram]]), see s.v. The use of ram's skins for covering is alluded to in Exodus 25:5; Exodus 26:14; Exodus 36:19; Exodus 39:34, and is still common in Palestine, where they are also "dyed red" ( Exodus 25:5) for the use of the shoemakers (Thomson, ''Land And Book,'' i, 139). (See [[Sheep]]) '''.''' </p> | | Ram <ref name="term_7638" /> |
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| | <p> ''''' ram ''''' ( רם , <i> ''''' rām ''''' </i> , "high," "exalted"): </p> <p> (1) An ancestor of David (Rth 4:19 (Ἀρράν , <i> ''''' Arrán ''''' </i> ); Matthew 1:3 , Matthew 1:4 ( Ἀράμ , <i> ''''' Arám ''''' </i> ); in 1 Chronicles 2:9 he is called the "brother," but in 1 Chronicles 2:25 , the "son of Jerahmeel" (compare 1 Chronicles 2:27 ). [[Ram]] as the son of [[Hezron]] appears more likely than Ram the son of Jerahmeel, since, according to the narratives of 1 and 2 Samuel, David cannot have been a Jerahmeelite. </p> <p> (2) Name of Elihu's family ( Job 32:2 ). It is an open question as to whether Ram should be taken as a purely fictitious name, invented by the author of the [[Elihu]] speeches, or whether it is that of some obscure [[Arab]] tribe. In Genesis 22:21 [[Aram]] is a nephew of [[Buz]] (compare Elihu the Buzite), and the conjecture was at one time advanced that Ram was a contraction of Aram; but this theory is no longer held to be tenable. The suggestion that the initial <i> ''''' a ''''' </i> (the [[Hebrew]] letter, )א has been changed by a scribal error into <i> ''''' h ''''' </i> (the Hebrew letter, )ה is more acceptable. Rashi, the rabbinical commentator, takes the quaint position that Ram is identical with Abraham. </p> |
| == International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_7637" /> ==
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| <p> ''''' ram ''''' : (1) The ordinary word is איל , <i> ''''' 'ayil ''''' </i> , which is remarkably near to איּל , <i> ''''' 'ayyāl ''''' </i> , "deer" (compare Latin <i> caper </i> , <i> capra </i> , "goat," and <i> capreolus </i> , "wild goat" or "roe-buck"; also Greek δορκάς , <i> ''''' dorkás ''''' </i> , "roe-buck" or "gazelle"). (2) דּכר , <i> ''''' dekhār ''''' </i> , literally, "male" ( Ezra 6:9 , Ezra 6:17; Ezra 7:17 ). (3) כּר , <i> ''''' kar ''''' </i> , "battering ram" ( Ezekiel 4:2; Ezekiel 21:22 ); elsewhere "lamb" ( Deuteronomy 32:14 , etc.). (4) עתּוּד , <i> ''''' ‛attūdh ''''' </i> , properly "he-goat" ("ram," Genesis 31:10 , Genesis 31:12 the King James Version). See Sheep . </p>
| | == References == |
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| ==References == | |
| <references> | | <references> |
| | | <ref name="term_7638"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/ram+(1) Ram from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> |
| <ref name="term_57485"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/ram+(2) Ram from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> | |
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| <ref name="term_7637"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/ram+(2) Ram from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref>
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| </references> | | </references> |
Ram [1]
ram ( רם , rām , "high," "exalted"):
(1) An ancestor of David (Rth 4:19 (Ἀρράν , Arrán ); Matthew 1:3 , Matthew 1:4 ( Ἀράμ , Arám ); in 1 Chronicles 2:9 he is called the "brother," but in 1 Chronicles 2:25 , the "son of Jerahmeel" (compare 1 Chronicles 2:27 ). Ram as the son of Hezron appears more likely than Ram the son of Jerahmeel, since, according to the narratives of 1 and 2 Samuel, David cannot have been a Jerahmeelite.
(2) Name of Elihu's family ( Job 32:2 ). It is an open question as to whether Ram should be taken as a purely fictitious name, invented by the author of the Elihu speeches, or whether it is that of some obscure Arab tribe. In Genesis 22:21 Aram is a nephew of Buz (compare Elihu the Buzite), and the conjecture was at one time advanced that Ram was a contraction of Aram; but this theory is no longer held to be tenable. The suggestion that the initial a (the Hebrew letter, )א has been changed by a scribal error into h (the Hebrew letter, )ה is more acceptable. Rashi, the rabbinical commentator, takes the quaint position that Ram is identical with Abraham.
References
