Difference between revisions of "Napkin"

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== Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_78502" /> ==
<div> '''1: '''''Σουδάριον''''' ''' (Strong'S #4676 — Noun Neuter — soudarion — soo-dar'-ee-on ) </div> <p> for which see [[Handkerchief]] , is translated "napkin" in &nbsp;Luke 19:20; &nbsp;John 11:44; &nbsp;20:7 . In &nbsp;Luke 19:20 the reference may be to a towel or any kind of linen cloth or even a sort of head-dress, any of which might be used for concealing money. </p>
       
== Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types <ref name="term_198090" /> ==
<p> &nbsp;Luke 19:20 (b) This is a type of the preparations made by gifted [[Christians]] for keeping and preserving their gifts, instead of using them for the blessing of others. There are those who are well taught in the Scriptures. They listen well to sermons, but none of their talents and gifts are used for the blessing of others. </p> <p> &nbsp;John 20:7 (b) Probably this is a picture of the separation that was to take place between [[Christ]] the head of the Church, and His followers who constituted His Body. By this means the [[Saviour]] is telling that He was to leave this earth, leave the Christians behind, and ascend to His Father. The head was to be in Heaven, while the Church, which is His Body, was to remain on earth. Mary did not want Him to leave, and so she tried to hold Him here. For that reason the Lord forbade her to hold Him. </p>
       
== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_53015" /> ==
<p> <strong> [[Napkin]] </strong> ( <em> soudarion </em> ). The cloth in which the unprofitable servant wrapped the money of his lord (&nbsp; Luke 19:20 ); used to bind the face of the dead (&nbsp; John 11:44; &nbsp; John 20:7 ); carried, possibly as indicated by the name (Lat. <em> sudarium </em> ), to wipe off perspiration (&nbsp; Acts 19:12 ). The Arabic renders <em> mandîl </em> , which may be either ‘towel,’ ‘napkin,’ ‘veil,’ or ‘head-band.’ See also Dress, §§ 5 ( <em> a </em> ), 8. </p> <p> W. Ewing. </p>
       
== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_74124" /> ==
<p> '''Napkin.''' &nbsp;Luke 19:20; &nbsp;John 11:44; &nbsp;John 20:7; &nbsp;Acts 19:12. This term was used in much the same manner, and having much the same significance as at the present. </p>
       
== Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_147164" /> ==
<p> '''(1):''' ''' (''' n.) A handkerchief. </p> <p> '''(2):''' ''' (''' n.) A little towel, or small cloth, esp. one for wiping the fingers and mouth at table. </p>
       
== Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_32864" /> ==
&nbsp;John 11:44&nbsp;20:7&nbsp;Luke 19:20&nbsp;Acts 19:12
       
== Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_67834" /> ==
<p> Any light cloth or handkerchief. &nbsp;Luke 19:20; &nbsp;John 11:44; &nbsp;John 20:7 . </p>
       
== King James Dictionary <ref name="term_61633" /> ==
<p> NAPKIN, n. nape, cloth of which napkin is a diminutive. </p> 1. A cloth used for wiping the hands a towel. 2. A handkerchief.
       
== Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_42738" /> ==
Handkerchief
       
== Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_56679" /> ==
<p> See Handkerchief, Napkin. </p>
       
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_52462" /> ==
<p> the rendering in the A.V. of '''''Σουδάριον''''' '','' Vulg. [[Sudarium]] in &nbsp;Luke 19:20; John ii, 44; 20:7; which, however, is rendered "handkerchief' in &nbsp;Acts 19:12, where it is associated with aprons, '''''Σιμικίνθια''''' : they are classed together, inasmuch as they refer to objects of a very similar character. Both words are of Latin origin: '''''Σουδάριον''''' ''= Sudarium,'' from ''Sudo,'' "to sweat" (the Lutheran translation preserves the reference to its etymology in its rendering, ''Schweisstuch); '''''Σιμικίνθιον''''' =Semicinctiun,'' i.e., "a half girdle." Neither is much used by classical writers; the sudar-ium is referred to as used for wiping the face ("candido frontem sudario tergeret," Quintil. 6:3) or hands ("sudario manus tergens, quod in collo habebat," Petron. infragm. Trugur. cap. 67); and also as worn over the face for the purpose of concealment (Sueton. in Neron. cap. 48) the word was introduced by the Romans into Palestine, where it was adopted by the Jews, in the form '''''סידרא''''' as '''''מַטְפֵּחֵת''''' in &nbsp;Ruth 3:15. The [[Sudarium]] is noticed in the N.T. as a wrapper to fold up money (&nbsp;Luke 19:20) '''''—''''' as a cloth bound about the head of a corpse (&nbsp;John 11:44; &nbsp;John 20:7), being probably brought from the crown of the head under the chin '''''—''''' and, lastly, as an article of dress that could easily be removed (&nbsp;Acts 19:12), probably a handkerchief worn on the head like the ''Kefieh'' of the Bedouin. The ''Semicinctiunm'' is noticed by Martial, 14, ''Epigr.'' 153, and by Petron. ''In Satyr.'' cap. 94. </p> <p> The distinction between the ''Cinctus'' and the ''Semicinctium'' cdonsisted in its width (Isidor. ''Orig.'' 19:33): with regard to the character of the '''''Σιμικίνθιον''''' , the only inference from the passage in which it occurs (&nbsp;Acts 19:12) is that it was easily removed from the person, and probably was worn next to the skin. According to Suidas, the distinction between the [[Sudarium]] and the ''Semicinctiuni'' was very small, for he explains the latter by the former, '''''Σιμικίνθιον''''' '''''Φακιόλιον''''' '''''Ἤ''''' '''''Σουδάριον''''' '''''Φακιόλιον''''' being a species of head-dress: [[Hesychius]] likewise explains '''''Σιμικίνθιον''''' by '''''Φακιόλιον''''' . According to the scholiast ''(In Cod. Steph.),'' as quoted by Schleusner ''(Lex.'' s.v. '''''Σουδάριον''''' ), the distinction between the two terms is that the su4arlium was worn on the head, and the senicinctium used as a handkerchief. The difference was probably not in the shape, but in the use of the article; we may conceive them to have been bands of linen of greater or less size, which might be adapted to many purposes, like the article now called lungi among the Arabs, which is applied sometimes as a girdle, at other times as a turban (Wellsted) Travels, 1:321). (See [[Apron]]); (See Handkerchief). </p>
       
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_6684" /> ==
<p> ''''' nap´kin ''''' ( σουδάριον , <i> ''''' soudárion ''''' </i> ; Latin sudarium): In &nbsp; Luke 19:20 , the cloth in which the "unprofitable servant" wrapped the money of his lord; compare &nbsp;John 11:44; &nbsp;John 20:7; see [[Dress]] 7; Handkerchief . </p>
       
==References ==
<references>


Napkin <ref name="term_56682" />
<ref name="term_78502"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/vine-s-expository-dictionary-of-nt-words/napkin Napkin from Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words]</ref>
<p> <b> [[Napkin.]] </b> —The Gr. σουδάριον translation ‘napkin’ in the [[Gospels]] (cf. &nbsp;Acts 19:12 ‘handkerchief’), is Lat. <i> sudarium </i> , and became current in the East through the extension of the Roman Empire. The piece of cloth, a yard or so square, of which the σουδάριον consisted, was turned to various purposes. It usually served as a head-dress to protect the head of the living from the sun, and to give a finish to their costume, but it served other purposes as well. Two of these are mentioned in the Gospels. In &nbsp;Luke 19:20 the unfaithful servant confesses that he had wrapped up his master’s pound in a napkin. In &nbsp;John 11:44; &nbsp;John 20:7 we are told that the head of the dead had been bound about with a napkin. </p> <p> With regard to &nbsp;Luke 19:20 the words put into the lips of the unfaithful servant are an example of Christ’s irony, and help to show us the true character of the servant. The fact that he admits having put the pound in a <i> sweat-cloth </i> is significant. It stamps him not only as a man who was discontented with his pound, but also as a man of indolent character, unwilling to use the opportunities of service which were given him. The misuse of the napkin, revealing as it does the lazy habit of the man, is of importance for the right understanding of the parable. </p> <p> The reference to the napkin in &nbsp;John 20:7 is worthy of special attention in connexion with the [[Resurrection]] of Christ. Unfortunately neither the Authorized Version nor the Revised Version [[Nt]] 1881, [[Ot]] 1885 gives the exact translation of the Greek text. The literal rendering of the passage makes it clear that the napkin which had been placed about Christ’s head before burial was discovered by the two disciples lying where His head had been, in the undisturbed form of a coiled or twisted head-wrapper. The verb ἐντετυλιγμένον should be rendered ‘coiled’ or ‘twisted up,’ and not ‘wrapped together’ as in Authorized Version, or ‘rolled up’ as in Revised Version [[Nt]] 1881, [[Ot]] 1885, and implies that the napkin was found coiled or twisted together in turban-like fashion, just as if His head had somehow slipped out of it, while the words χωρὶς … εἰς ἕνα τόπον, translated in both Authorized Version and Revised Version [[Nt]] 1881, [[Ot]] 1885 ‘in a place by itself,’ would be better translated ‘separately (not touching the linen clothes which had been swathing the body) into one place,’ εἰς ἕνα τόπον being the equivalent of εἱς ταὐτό in classical Greek. This rendering of the passage is confirmed by the impression made upon the two disciples by what they witnessed on entering the tomb. It is said that they ‘saw and believed’—saw something, that is, which persuaded them so completely that their [[Master]] was risen from the dead that their doubts were immediately resolved, and they proceeded at once to their own home (&nbsp;John 20:10) to await the development of events. For a full discussion of the passage and its bearing on the Resurrection, see [[H.]] Latham, <i> The [[Risen]] Master </i> , p. 40 ff. </p> <p> Literature.—Geikie, <i> [[Holy]] Land and the Bible </i> ; [[G.]] [[M.]] Mackie, Bible <i> [[Manners]] and Customs </i> ; Trench, <i> Notes on the [[Parables]] </i> (Parable of the Pounds). </p> <p> Morison Bryce. </p>
       
 
<ref name="term_198090"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/wilson-s-dictionary-of-bible-types/napkin Napkin from Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types]</ref>
== References ==
       
<references>
<ref name="term_53015"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/napkin Napkin from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
<ref name="term_56682"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/napkin+(2) Napkin from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_74124"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/napkin Napkin from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_147164"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/webster-s-dictionary/napkin Napkin from Webster's Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_32864"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/napkin Napkin from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_67834"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/napkin Napkin from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_61633"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/king-james-dictionary/napkin Napkin from King James Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_42738"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/napkin Napkin from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_56679"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/napkin Napkin from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_52462"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/napkin Napkin from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_6684"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/napkin Napkin from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref>
       
</references>
</references>

Latest revision as of 13:54, 14 October 2021

Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words [1]

1: Σουδάριον (Strong'S #4676 — Noun Neuter — soudarion — soo-dar'-ee-on )

for which see Handkerchief , is translated "napkin" in  Luke 19:20;  John 11:44;  20:7 . In  Luke 19:20 the reference may be to a towel or any kind of linen cloth or even a sort of head-dress, any of which might be used for concealing money.

Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types [2]

 Luke 19:20 (b) This is a type of the preparations made by gifted Christians for keeping and preserving their gifts, instead of using them for the blessing of others. There are those who are well taught in the Scriptures. They listen well to sermons, but none of their talents and gifts are used for the blessing of others.

 John 20:7 (b) Probably this is a picture of the separation that was to take place between Christ the head of the Church, and His followers who constituted His Body. By this means the Saviour is telling that He was to leave this earth, leave the Christians behind, and ascend to His Father. The head was to be in Heaven, while the Church, which is His Body, was to remain on earth. Mary did not want Him to leave, and so she tried to hold Him here. For that reason the Lord forbade her to hold Him.

Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible [3]

Napkin ( soudarion ). The cloth in which the unprofitable servant wrapped the money of his lord (  Luke 19:20 ); used to bind the face of the dead (  John 11:44;   John 20:7 ); carried, possibly as indicated by the name (Lat. sudarium ), to wipe off perspiration (  Acts 19:12 ). The Arabic renders mandîl , which may be either ‘towel,’ ‘napkin,’ ‘veil,’ or ‘head-band.’ See also Dress, §§ 5 ( a ), 8.

W. Ewing.

Smith's Bible Dictionary [4]

Napkin.  Luke 19:20;  John 11:44;  John 20:7;  Acts 19:12. This term was used in much the same manner, and having much the same significance as at the present.

Webster's Dictionary [5]

(1): ( n.) A handkerchief.

(2): ( n.) A little towel, or small cloth, esp. one for wiping the fingers and mouth at table.

Easton's Bible Dictionary [6]

 John 11:44 20:7 Luke 19:20 Acts 19:12

Morrish Bible Dictionary [7]

Any light cloth or handkerchief.  Luke 19:20;  John 11:44;  John 20:7 .

King James Dictionary [8]

NAPKIN, n. nape, cloth of which napkin is a diminutive.

1. A cloth used for wiping the hands a towel. 2. A handkerchief.

Holman Bible Dictionary [9]

Handkerchief

Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament [10]

See Handkerchief, Napkin.

Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature [11]

the rendering in the A.V. of Σουδάριον , Vulg. Sudarium in  Luke 19:20; John ii, 44; 20:7; which, however, is rendered "handkerchief' in  Acts 19:12, where it is associated with aprons, Σιμικίνθια : they are classed together, inasmuch as they refer to objects of a very similar character. Both words are of Latin origin: Σουδάριον = Sudarium, from Sudo, "to sweat" (the Lutheran translation preserves the reference to its etymology in its rendering, Schweisstuch); Σιμικίνθιον =Semicinctiun, i.e., "a half girdle." Neither is much used by classical writers; the sudar-ium is referred to as used for wiping the face ("candido frontem sudario tergeret," Quintil. 6:3) or hands ("sudario manus tergens, quod in collo habebat," Petron. infragm. Trugur. cap. 67); and also as worn over the face for the purpose of concealment (Sueton. in Neron. cap. 48) the word was introduced by the Romans into Palestine, where it was adopted by the Jews, in the form סידרא as מַטְפֵּחֵת in  Ruth 3:15. The Sudarium is noticed in the N.T. as a wrapper to fold up money ( Luke 19:20) — as a cloth bound about the head of a corpse ( John 11:44;  John 20:7), being probably brought from the crown of the head under the chin — and, lastly, as an article of dress that could easily be removed ( Acts 19:12), probably a handkerchief worn on the head like the Kefieh of the Bedouin. The Semicinctiunm is noticed by Martial, 14, Epigr. 153, and by Petron. In Satyr. cap. 94.

The distinction between the Cinctus and the Semicinctium cdonsisted in its width (Isidor. Orig. 19:33): with regard to the character of the Σιμικίνθιον , the only inference from the passage in which it occurs ( Acts 19:12) is that it was easily removed from the person, and probably was worn next to the skin. According to Suidas, the distinction between the Sudarium and the Semicinctiuni was very small, for he explains the latter by the former, Σιμικίνθιον Φακιόλιον Ἤ Σουδάριον Φακιόλιον being a species of head-dress: Hesychius likewise explains Σιμικίνθιον by Φακιόλιον . According to the scholiast (In Cod. Steph.), as quoted by Schleusner (Lex. s.v. Σουδάριον ), the distinction between the two terms is that the su4arlium was worn on the head, and the senicinctium used as a handkerchief. The difference was probably not in the shape, but in the use of the article; we may conceive them to have been bands of linen of greater or less size, which might be adapted to many purposes, like the article now called lungi among the Arabs, which is applied sometimes as a girdle, at other times as a turban (Wellsted) Travels, 1:321). (See Apron); (See Handkerchief).

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [12]

nap´kin ( σουδάριον , soudárion  ; Latin sudarium): In   Luke 19:20 , the cloth in which the "unprofitable servant" wrapped the money of his lord; compare  John 11:44;  John 20:7; see Dress 7; Handkerchief .

References

  1. ↑ Napkin from Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words
  2. ↑ Napkin from Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
  3. ↑ Napkin from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
  4. ↑ Napkin from Smith's Bible Dictionary
  5. ↑ Napkin from Webster's Dictionary
  6. ↑ Napkin from Easton's Bible Dictionary
  7. ↑ Napkin from Morrish Bible Dictionary
  8. ↑ Napkin from King James Dictionary
  9. ↑ Napkin from Holman Bible Dictionary
  10. ↑ Napkin from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament
  11. ↑ Napkin from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
  12. ↑ Napkin from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
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