Difference between revisions of "Cruse"
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== | == People's Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_69888" /> == | ||
<p> | <p> Cruse. This word appeals as the translation of three [[Hebrew]] words: one of these occurs in 1 Samuel 26:11-12; 1 Samuel 26:16; 1 Kings 17:12; 1 Kings 17:14; 1 Kings 17:16; 1 Kings 19:6, to denote a vessel used for water or oil. Again, we have a "cruse of honey." 1 Kings 14:3. The same word is also rendered "bottle." Jeremiah 19:1; Jeremiah 19:10. This must have been of earthenware, and had its Hebrew name from the gurgling sound caused when any liquid was poured from it. The only other place in which our version has "cruse" is 2 Kings 2:20. The original word is translated "dish" in 2 Kings 21:13, "pans" in 2 Chronicles 36:13, and "bosom" in Proverbs 19:24; Proverbs 26:15, A. V., but dish in the R. V. It was probably a metal platter or dish. </p> | ||
1 Samuel 26: | |||
== Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_34989" /> == | == Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_34989" /> == | ||
<p> tsappachath . | <p> tsappachath . Probably like the vessels still made at Gaza; a blue, clay, porous globular vessel, about nine inches wide, a neck three long, a handle below the neck, and a straight spout, with an opening the size of a straw (1 Samuel 26:11-12; 1 Samuel 26:16; 1 Kings 19:6; 1 Kings 17:12; 1 Kings 17:14; 1 Kings 17:16). The bakbok , from the gurgling noise in pouring (1 Kings 14:3). Τsellachah , from a root to sprinkle; a flat saucer or dish (2 Kings 2:20). In Proverbs 19:24, "a slothful man hideth his hand in his bosom" (tsallachath , the cruse or dish like cavity in the bosom, or else translated "in the dish".) </p> | ||
== | == Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_77045" /> == | ||
1 | <div> 1: Ἀλάβαστρον (Strong'S #211 Noun Neuter alabastron al-ab'-as-tron ) </div> <p> was a vessel for holding ointment or perfume; it derived its name from the alabaster stone, of which it was usually made. "Cruse," RV, is a more suitable rendering than "box;" Matthew 26:7; Mark 14:3; Luke 7:37 . </p> | ||
<p> | |||
== Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_55527" /> == | == Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_55527" /> == | ||
<p> <b> CRUSE. </b> —The word occurs frequently in the OT (generally as rendering of Heb. צַפִּחַח), where it means a ‘small earthen bottle or jar’ in common use among the Hebrews chiefly for holding liquids, such as water (1 Samuel 26:11) or oil (1 Kings 17:12). ‘Cruse’ (marg. ‘flask’) is substituted by Revised Version NT 1881, OT 1885 for ‘box’ of Authorized Version in Matthew 26:7 (|| Mark 14:3, Luke 7:37) as the designation of the ἀλάβαστρος used by the woman who anointed our Lord. See [[Alabaster]] and Anointing. </p> <p> Dugald Clark. </p> | <p> <b> CRUSE. </b> —The word occurs frequently in the OT (generally as rendering of Heb. צַפִּחַח), where it means a ‘small earthen bottle or jar’ in common use among the Hebrews chiefly for holding liquids, such as water (1 Samuel 26:11) or oil (1 Kings 17:12). ‘Cruse’ (marg. ‘flask’) is substituted by Revised Version NT 1881, OT 1885 for ‘box’ of Authorized Version in Matthew 26:7 (|| Mark 14:3, Luke 7:37) as the designation of the ἀλάβαστρος used by the woman who anointed our Lord. See [[Alabaster]] and Anointing. </p> <p> Dugald Clark. </p> | ||
== | == Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_30984" /> == | ||
1 Samuel 26:11,12,161 Kings 19:61 Kings 17:12,14,161 Kings 14:3 Jeremiah 19:1,102 Kings 2:202 Chronicles 35:13Proverbs 19:2426:15 | |||
== Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_65599" /> == | == Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_65599" /> == | ||
<p> 1. <i> baqbuq, </i> a bottle. 1 Kings 14:3 . </p> <p> 2. <i> tselochith, </i> dish or pan. 2 Kings 2:20 . </p> <p> 3. <i> tsappachath, </i> flask for water, etc. 1 Samuel 26:11,12,16; 1 Kings 17:12,14,16; 1 Kings 19:6 . </p> | <p> 1. <i> baqbuq, </i> a bottle. 1 Kings 14:3 . </p> <p> 2. <i> tselochith, </i> dish or pan. 2 Kings 2:20 . </p> <p> 3. <i> tsappachath, </i> flask for water, etc. 1 Samuel 26:11,12,16; 1 Kings 17:12,14,16; 1 Kings 19:6 . </p> | ||
== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_71985" /> == | == Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_71985" /> == | ||
<p> Cruse. A small vessel for holding water, such as was carried by Saul, when on his night expedition after David, 1 Samuel 26:11-12; 1 Samuel 26:16, and by Elijah. 1 Kings 19:6. </p> | <p> Cruse. A small vessel for holding water, such as was carried by Saul, when on his night expedition after David, 1 Samuel 26:11-12; 1 Samuel 26:16, and by Elijah. 1 Kings 19:6. </p> | ||
== | == King James Dictionary <ref name="term_59208" /> == | ||
< | <p> CRUSE, n. See crucible. A small cup. </p> <p> Take with thee a cruse of honey. 1 Kings 14 . </p> <p> In New England, it is used chiefly or wholly for a small bottle or vial for vinegar, called a vinegar-cruse. </p> | ||
== American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_15723" /> == | |||
<p> A small vessel for holding water and other liquids, 1 Samuel 26:11 . The above cut <i> {see picture 1} </i> represents various antique cups, travelling flasks, and cruses, like those still used in the East. </p> | |||
== Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_39596" /> == | |||
1 Kings 17:161 Kings 19:61 Samuel 26:11-162 Kings 2:20 | |||
== Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_106616" /> == | == Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_106616" /> == | ||
<p> (1): </p> <p> (n.) A cup or | <p> (1): (n.) A cup or dish. </p> <p> (2): (n.) A bottle for holding water, oil, honey, etc. </p> | ||
== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_50444" /> == | |||
<p> <strong> CRUSE </strong> . See House, § <strong> 9 </strong> . </p> | |||
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_35672" /> == | |||
<p> This now obsolete English word denotes a small vessel for holding water or other liquids. Three Hebrew words are thus translated in the A. V. (See [[Cup]]). </p> <p> 1. צִפִּחִת, tsappach'ath (lit. something spread out), is applied to a utensil (usually considered a flask, but more probably a shallow cup) for holding water (1 Samuel 26:11-12; 1 Samuel 26:16 1 Kings 19:6) or oil (1 Kings 17:12; 1 Kings 17:14; 1 Kings 17:16). Some clew to the nature of this vessel is perhaps afforded by its mention as being full of water at the head of [[Saul]] when on his night expedition after David (1 Samuel 26:11-12; 1 Samuel 26:16), and also of [[Elijah]] (1 Kings 19:6). In a similar case in the present day this would be a globular vessel of blue porous clay — the ordinary [[Gaza]] pottery — about nine inches diameter, with a neck of about three inches long, a small handle below the neck, and opposite the handle a straight spout, with an orifice about the size of a straw, through which the water is drunk or sucked. The form is common also in Spain, and will be familiar to many from pictures of Spanish life. A similar globular vessel probably contained the oil of the widow of [[Zarephath]] (1 Kings 17:12; 1 Kings 17:14; 1 Kings 17:16). For the "box" or "horn" in which the consecrated oil was carried on special occasions, (See [[Oil]]). </p> <p> Some writers have supposed that the cruse of water mentioned in the first passage (when Saul's life was spared by David) was a clepsydra, or one of those water-watch measures used by the ancients, by which timewas measured by the falling of water from one vessel into another, the undermost vessel containing a piece of cork, the different altitudes of which, as it gradually rose upon the rising water, marked the progress of time. But we can hardly suppose that such time measures were known at that early period. It is usual for persons in the East in the present day, when they travel, to take with them a flask for holding water, and also, when they sleep in the open air, to have a small vessel of water within their reach (Thomson, Land and Book, 2:21). These flasks are of various forms, and are sometimes covered with a wicker-case, (See [[Dish]]). </p> <p> 2. בִּקְבּוּק, bakbuk' (from the gurgling sound in emptying), perhaps a bottle (as it is translated in Jeremiah 19:1; Jeremiah 19:10) for holding any liquid, as honey (1 Kings 14:3), but more probably a PITCHER (See [[Pitcher]]) (q.v.). </p> <p> 3. צְלֹחַית, tselochith' (lit. that into which fluids are poured out), a platter (2 Kings 2:20). This was probably a flat metal saucer of the form still common in the East. It occurs in 2 Kings 2:20, "cruse;" 2 Kings 21:13, "dish;" 2 Chronicles 35:13, "pan';" also Proverbs 19:24; Proverbs 26:15, where the figure is obscured by the choice of the word "bosom." (See [[Pan]]); (See [[Platter]]), etc. </p> | |||
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_2765" /> == | == International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_2765" /> == | ||
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== Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_15297" /> == | == Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_15297" /> == | ||
<p> [[Cruse]] (;; ). This now obsolete English word denotes a small vessel for holding water or other liquids. Such are noticed under Bottle, Dish. </p> | <p> [[Cruse]] (;; ). This now obsolete English word denotes a small vessel for holding water or other liquids. Such are noticed under Bottle, Dish. </p> | ||
==References == | ==References == | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_69888"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/people-s-dictionary-of-the-bible/cruse Cruse from People's Dictionary of the Bible]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_34989"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/cruse Cruse from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | <ref name="term_34989"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/cruse Cruse from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_77045"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/vine-s-expository-dictionary-of-nt-words/cruse Cruse from Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_55527"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/cruse Cruse from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref> | <ref name="term_55527"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/cruse Cruse from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_30984"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/cruse Cruse from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_65599"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/cruse Cruse from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref> | <ref name="term_65599"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/cruse Cruse from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_71985"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/cruse Cruse from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_59208"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/king-james-dictionary/cruse Cruse from King James Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_15723"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/cruse Cruse from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_39596"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/cruse Cruse from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_106616"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/webster-s-dictionary/cruse Cruse from Webster's Dictionary]</ref> | <ref name="term_106616"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/webster-s-dictionary/cruse Cruse from Webster's Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_50444"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/cruse Cruse from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_35672"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/cruse Cruse from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_2765"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/cruse Cruse from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | <ref name="term_2765"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/cruse Cruse from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_15297"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/kitto-s-popular-cyclopedia-of-biblial-literature/cruse Cruse from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature]</ref> | <ref name="term_15297"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/kitto-s-popular-cyclopedia-of-biblial-literature/cruse Cruse from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature]</ref> | ||
</references> | </references> | ||
Revision as of 14:45, 12 October 2021
People's Dictionary of the Bible [1]
Cruse. This word appeals as the translation of three Hebrew words: one of these occurs in 1 Samuel 26:11-12; 1 Samuel 26:16; 1 Kings 17:12; 1 Kings 17:14; 1 Kings 17:16; 1 Kings 19:6, to denote a vessel used for water or oil. Again, we have a "cruse of honey." 1 Kings 14:3. The same word is also rendered "bottle." Jeremiah 19:1; Jeremiah 19:10. This must have been of earthenware, and had its Hebrew name from the gurgling sound caused when any liquid was poured from it. The only other place in which our version has "cruse" is 2 Kings 2:20. The original word is translated "dish" in 2 Kings 21:13, "pans" in 2 Chronicles 36:13, and "bosom" in Proverbs 19:24; Proverbs 26:15, A. V., but dish in the R. V. It was probably a metal platter or dish.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary [2]
tsappachath . Probably like the vessels still made at Gaza; a blue, clay, porous globular vessel, about nine inches wide, a neck three long, a handle below the neck, and a straight spout, with an opening the size of a straw (1 Samuel 26:11-12; 1 Samuel 26:16; 1 Kings 19:6; 1 Kings 17:12; 1 Kings 17:14; 1 Kings 17:16). The bakbok , from the gurgling noise in pouring (1 Kings 14:3). Τsellachah , from a root to sprinkle; a flat saucer or dish (2 Kings 2:20). In Proverbs 19:24, "a slothful man hideth his hand in his bosom" (tsallachath , the cruse or dish like cavity in the bosom, or else translated "in the dish".)
Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words [3]
was a vessel for holding ointment or perfume; it derived its name from the alabaster stone, of which it was usually made. "Cruse," RV, is a more suitable rendering than "box;" Matthew 26:7; Mark 14:3; Luke 7:37 .
Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament [4]
CRUSE. —The word occurs frequently in the OT (generally as rendering of Heb. צַפִּחַח), where it means a ‘small earthen bottle or jar’ in common use among the Hebrews chiefly for holding liquids, such as water (1 Samuel 26:11) or oil (1 Kings 17:12). ‘Cruse’ (marg. ‘flask’) is substituted by Revised Version NT 1881, OT 1885 for ‘box’ of Authorized Version in Matthew 26:7 (|| Mark 14:3, Luke 7:37) as the designation of the ἀλάβαστρος used by the woman who anointed our Lord. See Alabaster and Anointing.
Dugald Clark.
Easton's Bible Dictionary [5]
1 Samuel 26:11,12,161 Kings 19:61 Kings 17:12,14,161 Kings 14:3 Jeremiah 19:1,102 Kings 2:202 Chronicles 35:13Proverbs 19:2426:15
Morrish Bible Dictionary [6]
1. baqbuq, a bottle. 1 Kings 14:3 .
2. tselochith, dish or pan. 2 Kings 2:20 .
3. tsappachath, flask for water, etc. 1 Samuel 26:11,12,16; 1 Kings 17:12,14,16; 1 Kings 19:6 .
Smith's Bible Dictionary [7]
Cruse. A small vessel for holding water, such as was carried by Saul, when on his night expedition after David, 1 Samuel 26:11-12; 1 Samuel 26:16, and by Elijah. 1 Kings 19:6.
King James Dictionary [8]
CRUSE, n. See crucible. A small cup.
Take with thee a cruse of honey. 1 Kings 14 .
In New England, it is used chiefly or wholly for a small bottle or vial for vinegar, called a vinegar-cruse.
American Tract Society Bible Dictionary [9]
A small vessel for holding water and other liquids, 1 Samuel 26:11 . The above cut {see picture 1} represents various antique cups, travelling flasks, and cruses, like those still used in the East.
Holman Bible Dictionary [10]
1 Kings 17:161 Kings 19:61 Samuel 26:11-162 Kings 2:20
Webster's Dictionary [11]
(1): (n.) A cup or dish.
(2): (n.) A bottle for holding water, oil, honey, etc.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible [12]
CRUSE . See House, § 9 .
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature [13]
This now obsolete English word denotes a small vessel for holding water or other liquids. Three Hebrew words are thus translated in the A. V. (See Cup).
1. צִפִּחִת, tsappach'ath (lit. something spread out), is applied to a utensil (usually considered a flask, but more probably a shallow cup) for holding water (1 Samuel 26:11-12; 1 Samuel 26:16 1 Kings 19:6) or oil (1 Kings 17:12; 1 Kings 17:14; 1 Kings 17:16). Some clew to the nature of this vessel is perhaps afforded by its mention as being full of water at the head of Saul when on his night expedition after David (1 Samuel 26:11-12; 1 Samuel 26:16), and also of Elijah (1 Kings 19:6). In a similar case in the present day this would be a globular vessel of blue porous clay — the ordinary Gaza pottery — about nine inches diameter, with a neck of about three inches long, a small handle below the neck, and opposite the handle a straight spout, with an orifice about the size of a straw, through which the water is drunk or sucked. The form is common also in Spain, and will be familiar to many from pictures of Spanish life. A similar globular vessel probably contained the oil of the widow of Zarephath (1 Kings 17:12; 1 Kings 17:14; 1 Kings 17:16). For the "box" or "horn" in which the consecrated oil was carried on special occasions, (See Oil).
Some writers have supposed that the cruse of water mentioned in the first passage (when Saul's life was spared by David) was a clepsydra, or one of those water-watch measures used by the ancients, by which timewas measured by the falling of water from one vessel into another, the undermost vessel containing a piece of cork, the different altitudes of which, as it gradually rose upon the rising water, marked the progress of time. But we can hardly suppose that such time measures were known at that early period. It is usual for persons in the East in the present day, when they travel, to take with them a flask for holding water, and also, when they sleep in the open air, to have a small vessel of water within their reach (Thomson, Land and Book, 2:21). These flasks are of various forms, and are sometimes covered with a wicker-case, (See Dish).
2. בִּקְבּוּק, bakbuk' (from the gurgling sound in emptying), perhaps a bottle (as it is translated in Jeremiah 19:1; Jeremiah 19:10) for holding any liquid, as honey (1 Kings 14:3), but more probably a PITCHER (See Pitcher) (q.v.).
3. צְלֹחַית, tselochith' (lit. that into which fluids are poured out), a platter (2 Kings 2:20). This was probably a flat metal saucer of the form still common in the East. It occurs in 2 Kings 2:20, "cruse;" 2 Kings 21:13, "dish;" 2 Chronicles 35:13, "pan';" also Proverbs 19:24; Proverbs 26:15, where the figure is obscured by the choice of the word "bosom." (See Pan); (See Platter), etc.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [14]
kroos : A small earthen vessel or flask, usually for holding liquids: צפחת , cappaḥath ; as water, 1 Samuel 26:11 , 1 Samuel 26:12 , 1 Samuel 26:16; 1 Kings 19:6; it being porous, the liquid is kept cool; also for holding oil, as in 1 Kings 17:12 , 1 Kings 17:14 , 1 Kings 17:16 .
In 1 Kings 14:3 ("a cruse of honey") the word בּקבּוּק , baḳbūḳ , would be better rendered "bottle," doubtless deriving its name from the gurgling sound of issuing liquids. In 2 Kings 2:20 צלחית , celōḥı̄th , is not a jar or flask, but a dish, or platter, for salt or other substances.
In the New Testament a small jar or vial, ἀλάβαστρον , alábastron , "alabaster cruse" or flask, for holding ointment; not "box" as in the King James Version (Matthew 26:7; Mark 14:3; Luke 7:37; compare 1 Samuel 10:1; 2 Kings 9:1 , 2 Kings 9:3 , where "box" in the King James Version is used for "vial" the Revised Version (British and American)).
Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature [15]
Cruse (;; ). This now obsolete English word denotes a small vessel for holding water or other liquids. Such are noticed under Bottle, Dish.
References
- ↑ Cruse from People's Dictionary of the Bible
- ↑ Cruse from Fausset's Bible Dictionary
- ↑ Cruse from Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words
- ↑ Cruse from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament
- ↑ Cruse from Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ↑ Cruse from Morrish Bible Dictionary
- ↑ Cruse from Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ↑ Cruse from King James Dictionary
- ↑ Cruse from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary
- ↑ Cruse from Holman Bible Dictionary
- ↑ Cruse from Webster's Dictionary
- ↑ Cruse from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
- ↑ Cruse from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
- ↑ Cruse from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
- ↑ Cruse from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature
