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== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_51261" /> == | |||
<p> ''''' ga ''''' - ''''' zā´ra ''''' ( Γαζάρα , <i> ''''' Gazára ''''' </i> , Γαζηρά , <i> ''''' Gazērá ''''' </i> ): A fortress of great strength in Judea, which figures often in the Maccabean wars. To this place [[Judas]] pursued [[Gorgias]] ( 1 [[Maccabees]] 4:15 ). It was fortified by the [[Greek]] general [[Bacchides]] ( 1 Maccabees 9:52; <i> Ant </i> , Xiii , i, 3). It was captured by [[Simon]] Maccabeus, who turned out the inhabitants and purified the city. He built here a palace for himself, and appointed his son John commander of his army ( 1 Maccabees 13:43 ff). A different account of this occurrence is given in 2 Maccabees 10:32 ff, where the capture is attributed to Judas. The narrative here, however, is inspired by antagonism to Simon because he had assumed the high-priesthood. </p> <p> The fortress is identical with <i> ''''' Tell [[Jezer]] ''''' </i> , the ancient [[Gezer]] (which see). It is interesting to note that recent excavations have uncovered the ruins of Simon's palace ( <i> Pefs </i> , 1905,26). </p> | <p> <strong> GAZARA </strong> . An important stronghold often mentioned during the Maccabæan struggle ( 1Ma 4:16; 1Ma 7:45; 1Ma 9:52; 1Ma 13:53; 1Ma 14:7; 1Ma 14:34; 1Ma 15:28; 1Ma 16:1 , 2Ma 10:32 . In <em> Ant. </em> XII. vii. 4, XIV. v. 4, <em> BJ </em> , I. viii. 5, it is called <em> [[Gadara]] </em> ). There seems to be no doubt that it is the OT <strong> [[Gezer]] </strong> (wh. see). </p> | ||
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_3952" /> == | |||
<p> ''''' ga ''''' - ''''' zā´ra ''''' ( Γαζάρα , <i> ''''' Gazára ''''' </i> , Γαζηρά , <i> ''''' Gazērá ''''' </i> ): A fortress of great strength in Judea, which figures often in the Maccabean wars. To this place [[Judas]] pursued [[Gorgias]] ( 1 [[Maccabees]] 4:15 ). It was fortified by the [[Greek]] general [[Bacchides]] (1 Maccabees 9:52; <i> [[Ant]] </i> , Xiii , i, 3). It was captured by [[Simon]] Maccabeus, who turned out the inhabitants and purified the city. He built here a palace for himself, and appointed his son John commander of his army (1 Maccabees 13:43 ff). A different account of this occurrence is given in 2 Maccabees 10:32 ff, where the capture is attributed to Judas. The narrative here, however, is inspired by antagonism to Simon because he had assumed the high-priesthood. </p> <p> The fortress is identical with <i> ''''' [[Tell]] [[Jezer]] ''''' </i> , the ancient [[Gezer]] (which see). It is interesting to note that recent excavations have uncovered the ruins of Simon's palace ( <i> Pefs </i> , 1905,26). </p> | |||
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_40992" /> == | |||
<p> [usually Gaza'rsa] (ἡ or τὰ Γάζαρα ), a town of Palestine, often mentioned in the Apocrypiea and by [[Josephus]] as the scene of many battles in the Maccabean period, and as alternately possessed by each of the opposing parties. When Gorgias, general of [[Antiochus]] Epiphanes, was defeated by [[Judas]] Maccabaeus, his forces were pursued "unto Gazara, and unto the plains of Idumaea, and Azotus, and Jamnia" (ἔως Γαζηρῶν, etc., 1 [[Maccabees]] 4 :l; μέχρι Γαδάρων , etc., Josephus, Ant. 12:7,4); [[Nicanor]] was also defeated by Judas, and pursued from "Adasa to Gazara" (εἰς Γάζηρα, 1 Maccabees 7:45). After the defeat of the Idumaeans, Judas went against Timotheus, who fled to [[Gazara]] for refuge. Judas, after several days' siege, took the city (2 Maccabees 10:32-37; comp. Josephus, Ant. 12:8, 1-4); many of its towers were burnt, and [[Timotheus]] himself killed (2 Maccabees 1.c.). When [[Bacchides]] returned to Jerusalem, after the defeat of Jonathan, he fortified several cities, and among them Baethsura and Gazara, and the tower (ἄκρα ) of [[Jerusalem]] (1 Maccabees 9:52; Josephus, Ant. 13:1, 3), and it was again fortified by [[Simon]] when it had been recovered by the [[Jews]] (1 Maccabees 14:7; 1 Maccabees 14:33-34; Josephus, Ant. 13:6, 6; War, 1:2, 2). Simon built himself a house ait Gazara, and also made it the abode of his son John, the captain of all his hosts (1 Maccabees 13:53; 1 Maccabees 16:1; 1 Maccabees 16:19; 1 Maccabees 16:21). It is described as being "a very strong hold" (ὀχύρωμα, 2 Maccabees 10:32; Γάζαρα ... οῦσαν ὀχυρὰν φυσει, comp. Josephus, Ant. 8:6, 1). Gazara is mentioned with [[Joppa]] in the treaty of friendship between [[Hyrcanus]] and the Romans after the death of Antiocbus VII, Sidetes, B.C. cir. 129-8 (Josephus, Ant. 13:9, 2; comp. Clinton, F.H. 3:332). The [[Gaza]] in 1 Macc. (13:43) and the [[Gadara]] in Josephus (Ant. 5:1, 22; 12:7, 4) should doubtless be read Gazara (comp. Prideaux, Connection, lib. 4, page 267, note; Reland, Palaest. page 679). It may perhaps be identified with the Gadaris of [[Strabo]] (16:2, Didot. ed., page 646), also described by him as a town not far from [[Azotus]] (Reland, Palest. 1.c.; Cellarius, Geog. 2:530). (See [[Gazera]]). </p> <p> It is mentioned by [[Eusebius]] (Onomasticon, s.v. Γαζέρ ) as being four miles from [[Nicopolis]] or Emmaus, but it was more probably nearer the sea-coast, as in the Maccabees and Josephus it is nearly always coupled with Joppa, Azotus, and [[Jamnia]] (1 Maccabees 14:34; 1 Maccabees 15:28; 1 Maccabees 15:35; 1 Maccabees 4:15; Josephus, Ant. 12:7, 4; 13:6, 6; 9, 2; War, 1:2, 2), and again in distinct language as bordering upon Azotus (1 Maccabees 14:34). It appears to have been the same place with GAZER (See [[Gazer]]) or GEZER (See [[Gezer]]) (q.v.), a town frequently mentioned in the O.T. under similar connections. As [[David]] chased the [[Philistines]] from [[Geba]] to [[Gazer]] (2 Samuel 5:25; 1 Chronicles 14:16; ἄχρι πόλεως Γαζάρων, Josephus, Ant. 7:4, 1), so Judas defeated [[Gorgias]] at [[Emmaus]] and pursued him to Gazara (1 Maccabees 4:15). Pharaoh, the father-in-law of Solomon, took Gazer (1 Kings 9:16-17), then a [[Canaanitish]] city, burnt it, slew the [[Canaanites]] that were in it, and gave it in dowry to his daughter, Solomon's wife (compare Josephus, Ant. 8:6, 1). This must have occurred during the reign of David, or early in that of Solomon,' and it seems out of the question to suppose that Pharaoh, when the [[Israelitish]] kingdom was so powerful, could have advanced far into the interior of the country. The site near the sea-coast is therefore confirmed by this circumstance. </p> <p> Gazara may be identified with the modern village Yazur, 3 1/2 miles E. of Joppa; though as a coast town and a place of strength in the time of the Maccabees it is unlikely that it should have so entirely lost its importance (comp. Kitto, Palestine, 1:695 n.). It must be remembered, however, that names sometimes linger in the neighborhood of sites. </p> | |||
==References == | ==References == | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
<ref name="term_51261"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/gazara Gazara from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_3952"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/gazara Gazara from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | <ref name="term_3952"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/gazara Gazara from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_40992"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/gazara Gazara from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> | |||
</references> | </references> | ||
