Difference between revisions of "Tubal-Cain"

<p> (Heb. Tu'bal Ka'yin, תּוּבִל קִיַן '','' apparently of foreign etymology; Sept. ὁ θοβέλ; Vulg. ''Tubal Cain'' )'','' the son of Lamech the Cainite by his wife [[Zillah]] (&nbsp;Genesis 4:22). B.C. cir. 3700. He is called "a furbisher of every cutting instrument of copper and iron." The [[Jewish]] legend of later times associates him with his father's song. "Lamech was blind," says the story as told by Rashi, "and Tubal-cain was leading him; and he saw Cain, and he appeared to him like a wild beast, so he told his father to draw his bow, and he slew him. And when he knew that it was Cain his ancestor, he smote his hands together and struck his son between them. So he slew him, and his wives withdraw from him and he conciliates them." In this story Tubal-cain is the "young man" of the song. [[Rashi]] apparently considers the name of Tubal- cain as an appellative, for he makes him director of the works of Cain for making weapons of war, and connects "Tubal" with תִּבֵּל, tabbel, to season, and so ''To [[Prepare]] Skillfully.'' He appears, moreover, to have pointed it תּוֹבֵל tobel, which seems to have been the reading of the Sept. and Josephus. According to the writer last mentioned (''Ant.'' 1, 2, 2), Tubal- cain was distinguished for his prodigious strength and his success in war. </p> <p> The derivation of the name is extremely obscure. Hasse (Entdeckungen, 2, 37, quoted by Knobel on &nbsp;Genesis 4:22) identifies Tubal-cain with [[Vulcan]] ; and Buttmann (''Mythol.'' 1, 164) not only compares these names, but adds to the comparison the Τελχῖνες of Rhodes, the first workers in copper and iron (Strabo, 14:654), and Dwalinn, the daemon smith of the Scandinavian mythology. [[Gesenius]] proposed to consider it a hybrid word, compounded of the Pers. ''Tupal,'' iron slag, or ''Scoria,'' and the Arab. ''Kain,'' a [[Smith]] ; but this etymology is more than doubtful. The [[Scythian]] race ''Tubal,'' who were coppersmiths (&nbsp;Ezekiel 27:13), naturally suggest themselves in connection with Tubal-cain. </p>

<p> ''''' tū´bal ''''' - ''''' kān ''''' ( קין תּוּבל , <i> ''''' tūbhal ''''' </i> <i> ''''' ḳayin ''''' </i> ): One of the sons of Lamech (&nbsp; Genesis 4:22 ). He is a brother of [[Jabal]] and Jubal, who appear to have been the founders of several industries and articles The text (וברזל נחשת כל־חרש לטש , <i> '''''lōṭēsh''''' </i> <i> '''''kol''''' </i> <i> '''''ḥōrēsh''''' </i> <i> '''''neḥōsheth''''' </i> <i> '''''ū''''' </i> - <i> '''''bharzel''''' </i> ) has been the cause of endless dispute. Holzinger and Gunkel hold that לטש , <i> '''''lōṭēsh''''' </i> was a marginal gloss to חרש , <i> '''''ḥōrēsh''''' </i> , and that, as in &nbsp;Genesis 4:20 and &nbsp; Genesis 4:21 , there stood before כל־ , <i> '''''kol''''' </i> originally אבי היה הוא , <i> '''''hū''''' </i> <i> '''''hāyāh''''' </i> <i> ''''''ăbhı̄''''' </i> . This would make Tubal-cain the founder of the metal industry, and place him in a class similar to that of his brothers. The Septuagint, however, has no equivalent of קיז , <i> '''''ḳayin''''' </i> . This omission leads Dillmann, Wellhausen, and others to the position that "Tubal" originally stood alone, and קיז , <i> '''''ḳayin''''' </i> , being a later addition, was translated "smith." Many commentators identify Tubal with the [[Assyrian]] Tubal, a people living Southwest of the Black Sea; in later times they were called "Tibareni" (&nbsp;Ezekiel 27:13 ). Tubal may be the eponymous ancestor of these people, whose principal industry seems to have been the manufacture of vessels of bronze and iron. </p>