Difference between revisions of "Hiram"

<p> (Huram in Chronicles usually, except &nbsp;1 Chronicles 14:1, in the '''''Ketibh''''' , the original [[Hebrew]] text). </p> <p> '''1.''' King of Tyre. Sent carpenters, masons, and cedars to David to build his palace (&nbsp;2 Samuel 5:11). Eupolemon (see Polyhistor, Fragm. Hist. Greek, 3 fr. 18), apparently on the authority of [[Dius]] and Menunder of [[Ephesus]] in file time of [[Alexander]] the Great, states, "David reduced the [[Syrians]] near the Euphrates, and Commagene, the Assy. finns, and Phoenicians in Gilead, Edom, Ammon, Moab, Ituraeans, and Nabathaeans; and made an expedition against Suron (Huram?) king of [[Tyre]] and Phoenicia, and compelled them all to pay tribute to the Jews." This confirms 2 Samuel 8; 9, and adds particulars drawn probably from Phoenician or other non-Israelite sources. [[Hiram]] was "ever a lover of David" (&nbsp;1 Kings 5:1; &nbsp;1 Kings 5:10-12). So he made a "league" with his son [[Solomon]] ( '''''Beriyt''''' , "a covenant," recognizing Jehovah, and guaranteeing to [[Jewish]] sojourners at Tyre religious liberty). </p> <p> The mention that "there was peace between Hiram and Solomon" may hint at there having been once war between Hiram and David, before Hiram became "a lover of David." Hiram gave Solomon for the temple cedars and firs, and gold, six score talents, according to all his desire, and Solomon in return gave Hiram 20,000 measures of wheat and 26 measures of pure oil yearly; the mercantile coast cities being dependent on the grain and olive abounding region of [[Palestine]] (&nbsp;Acts 12:20 end). Solomon also gave Hiram 20 cities in Galilee, which did not satisfy him, and which therefore he called Cabul. (See [[Cabul]] .) (&nbsp;1 Kings 9:11-14; &nbsp;1 Kings 9:27-32). </p> <p> Tyre is threatened with punishment for delivering the Jewish captives to Edom, and not remembering "the brotherly covenant," namely, between Hiram and David and Solomon. Hiram sent also in the navy expert shipmen to Ophir from Ezion-Geber, with Solomon's servants; and a navy. (See [[Ophir]] .) With Solomon's navy of [[Tharshish]] (&nbsp;1 Kings 10:22) to share in the [[Mediterranean]] trade. Dius assigns to Hiram a 34 years' reign, and names Abibal as his father, Baleazar as his son and successor. [[Josephus]] (Ant. 8:2, section 8) States that the correspondence between Hiram and Solomon was kept in his day among the [[Tyrian]] archives. </p> <p> '''2.''' King Hiram sent to Solomon an overseer of workmen skilled in working gold, silver, brass, iron, stone, wood, purple, linen, etc. Bezaleel, similarly (&nbsp;Exodus 31:25), but by supernatural endowment, combined weaving with metallurgy. He cast the two great brass pillars of the temple, and made the lavers, shovels and basins (&nbsp;1 Kings 7:13-14-40). He is called "my father," i.e. a title of honour, counselor, master workman (&nbsp;Genesis 45:8). "Son of a widow of Naphtali," but in &nbsp;2 Chronicles 2:13-14, of one "of the daughters of Dan," i.e. she was by birth a Danite, and married into Naphtali. When her husband died she married again, as widow of a Naphtalite, a Tyrian to whom she bore Hiram [[Blunt]] (Undesigned Coincidences) makes her of the colony Dan or [[Laish]] in Naphtali, bordering on Sidoninn or Tyrian territory. </p>

<p> [[Hiram]] ( ''Hî'Ram'' ), ''Noble.'' 1. A distinguished king of Tyre. He was contemporary with, David and Solomon, and on terms of political and personal friendship with them, under his reign the city of Tyre became celebrated for its wealth and magnificence, and the vast supplies he furnished to the kings of Israel show the greatness of his resources. He aided David with materials for a palace, &nbsp;2 Samuel 5:11; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 14:1, and Solomon in the construction of the temple, &nbsp;1 Kings 5:1-12; &nbsp;1 Kings 9:11-14, furnishing workmen as well as materials. He also allowed Solomon to send ships with the Tyrian ships Under Tyrian management. &nbsp;1 Kings 9:26-28; &nbsp;1 Kings 10:11-28. 2. An eminent artificer of Tyre who was employed by Solomon on some of the most difficult of the fixtures and furniture of the temple. &nbsp;1 Kings 7:13. </p>

<li> The "master workman" whom Hiram sent to Solomon. He was the son of a widow of Dan, and of a Tyrian father. In &nbsp;2 Chronicles 2:13 "Huram my father" should be Huram Abi, the word "Abi" (rendered here "my father") being regarded as a proper name, or it may perhaps be a title of distinction given to Huram, and equivalent to "master." (Compare &nbsp; 1 Kings 7:14; &nbsp;2 Chronicles 4:16 .) He cast the magnificent brazen works for Solomon's temple in clay-beds in the valley of Jordan, between [[Succoth]] and Zarthan. <div> <p> '''Copyright Statement''' These dictionary topics are from M.G. Easton [[M.A., DD]]  Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Third Edition, published by [[Thomas]] Nelson, 1897. Public Domain. </p> <p> '''Bibliography Information''' Easton, Matthew George. Entry for 'Hiram'. Easton's Bible Dictionary. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/ebd/h/hiram.html. 1897. </p> </div> </li>

<p> ''''' hı̄´ram ''''' ( חירם , <i> ''''' ḥı̄rām ''''' </i> ; [[Septuagint]] Χιράμ , <i> ''''' Chirám ''''' </i> , but Χειράμ , <i> ''''' Cheirám ''''' </i> , in &nbsp;2 Samuel 5:11; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 14:1 ): There is some confusion regarding the form of this name. In the books of Samuel and Kings the prevailing form is "Hiram" (חירם , <i> ''''' ḥı̄rām ''''' </i> ); but in &nbsp;1 Kings 5:10 , &nbsp;1 Kings 5:18 margin (Hebrew 24, 32); &nbsp; 1 Kings 7:40 margin "Hirom" ( חירום , <i> ''''' ḥı̄rōm ''''' </i> ) is found. In Chronicles the form of the word is uniformly "Huram" (חוּרם , <i> ''''' ḥūrām ''''' </i> ). </p> <p> (1) A king of Tyre who lived on most friendly terms with both David and Solomon. After David had taken the stronghold of Zion, Hiram sent messengers and workmen and materials to build a palace for him at Jerusalem (&nbsp;2 Samuel 5:11; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 14:1 ). Solomon, on his accession to the throne, made a league with Hiram, in consequence of which Hiram furnished the new king of Israel with skilled workmen and with cedar trees and fir trees and algum trees from [[Lebanon]] for the building of the Temple. In return Solomon gave annually to Hiram large quantities of wheat and oil (&nbsp;1 Kings 5:1 (Hebrew 15) ff; &nbsp; 2 Chronicles 2:3 (Hebrew 2) ff). "At the end of twenty years, wherein Solomon had built the two houses, the house of [[Yahweh]] and the king's house," Solomon made a present to Hiram of twenty cities in the land of Galilee. Hiram was not at all pleased with these cities and contemptuously called them "Cabul." His displeasure, however, with this gift does not seem to have disturbed the amicable relations that had hitherto existed between the two kings, for subsequently Hiram sent to the king of Israel 120 talents of gold (&nbsp; 1 Kings 9:10-14 ). Hiram and Solomon maintained merchant vessels on the Mediterranean and shared mutually in a profitable trade with foreign ports (&nbsp;1 Kings 10:22 ). Hiram's servants, "shipmen that had knowledge of the sea," taught the sailors of Solomon the route from Ezion-geber and [[Eloth]] to Ophir, whence large stores of gold were brought to King Solomon (&nbsp;1 Kings 9:26; &nbsp;2 Chronicles 8:17 f). </p> <p> Josephus ( <i> [[Apion]] </i> , I, 17,18) informs us, on the authority of the historians Dius and Menander, that Hiram was the son of Abibal, that he had a prosperous reign of 34 years, and died at the age of 53. He tells us on the same authority that Hiram and Solomon sent problems to each other to solve; that Hiram could not solve those sent him by Solomon, whereupon he paid to Solomon a large sum of money, as had at first been agreed upon. Finally, Abdemon, a man of Tyre, did solve the problems, and proposed others which Solomon was unable to explain; consequently Solomon was obliged to pay back to Hiram a vast sum of money. Josephus further states ( <i> Ant. </i> , VIII, ii, 8) that the correspondence carried on between Solomon and Hiram in regard to the building of the Temple was preserved, not only in the records of the Jews, but also in the public records of Tyre. It is also related by Phoenician historians that Hiram gave his daughter to Solomon in marriage. </p> <p> (2) The name of a skillful worker in brass and other substances, whom Solomon secured from Hiram king of Tyre to do work on the Temple. His father was a brass-worker of Tyre, and his mother was a woman of the tribe of [[Naphtali]] (&nbsp;1 Kings 7:14 ), "a woman of the daughters of Dan" (&nbsp;2 Chronicles 2:14 (Hebrew 13); &nbsp; 1 Kings 7:13; &nbsp;2 Chronicles 2:13 f (Hebrew 12, 13)). </p>

<p> Hiram, 1 </p> <p> Hi´ram, King of Tyre, at the commencement of David's reign. He sent an embassy to felicitate David on his accession, which led to an alliance, or strengthened a previous friendship between them. It seems that the dominion of this prince extended over the western slopes of Lebanon; and when David built himself a palace, Hiram materially assisted the work by sending cedar-wood from Lebanon, and able workmen to Jerusalem B.C. 1055. </p> <p> Hiram, 2 </p> <p> Hiram, King of Tyre, son of Abibaal, and grandson of the Hiram who was contemporary with David, in the last years of whose reign he ascended the throne of Tyre. Following his grandfather's example, he sent to Jerusalem an embassy of condolence and congratulation when David died and Solomon succeeded, and contracted with the new king a more intimate alliance than ever before or after existed between a Hebrew king and a foreign prince. The alliance seems to have been very substantially beneficial to both parties, and without it Solomon would scarcely have been able to realize all the great designs he had in view. In consideration of large quantities of corn, wine, and oil, furnished by Solomon, the king of Tyre agreed to supply from Lebanon the timber required for the temple, to float it along the coast, and deliver it at Joppa, which was the port of Jerusalem (, sq.; 9:10, sq.; , sq.). The vast commerce of Tyre made gold very plentiful there; and Hiram supplied no less than 500 talents to Solomon for the ornamental works of the temple, and received in return twenty towns in Galilee; which, when he came to inspect them, pleased him so little, that he applied to them a name of contempt, and restored them to the Jewish king [CABUL]. It does not, however, appear that the good understanding between the two kings was broken by this unpleasant circumstance; for it was after this that Hiram suggested, or at least took part in, Solomon's traffic to the Eastern seas—which certainly could not have been undertaken by the Hebrew king without his assistance in providing ships and experienced mariners (; , etc.;; , etc.), B.C. 1007 [[[Ophir; Solomon; Phoenicia]]]  </p> <p> Hiram, 3 </p> <p> Hiram, or Huram, son of a widow of the tribe of Dan and of a Tyrian father. He was sent by the king of the same name to execute the principal works of the interior of the temple, and the various utensils required for the sacred services. It is probable that he was selected for this purpose by the king from among others equally gifted, in the notion that his half Hebrew blood would render him the more acceptable at Jerusalem. </p>