Difference between revisions of "Chilmad"

<p> <strong> CHILMAD </strong> occurs in &nbsp; Ezekiel 27:23 at the close of the list of nations that traded with Tyre. The name has been thought to be the Aram. [Note: Aramaic.] form of <em> Charmande </em> , a town on the [[Euphrates]] mentioned by Xenophon ( <em> [[Anab]] </em> . i. 5. 10). [[George]] Smith identified [[Chilmad]] with the modern <em> Kalwâdha </em> near Baghdad but neither of these conjectures has much probability. </p>

<p> (Hebrews [[Kilmad]] '''''´''''' '''''כַּלְמִר''''' '','' etymology unknown; Sept. '''''Χαρμάν''''' v. r. '''''Χαλμάν''''' and '''''Χαλμάβ''''' ; Vulg. ''Chelmad),'' an Asiatic place or country mentioned, in conjunction with Sheba and Asshur, as a trading emporium with the Tyrians (&nbsp;Ezekiel 27:23). The only name bearing any similarity to it is ''Charmande'' ( '''''Χαρμάνδη''''' ) '','' a "large and flourishing" town near the Euphrates, between the Mascas and the [[Babylonian]] frontier (Xen. ''Anab.'' 1:5, 10; comp. Steph. Byz. p. 754), an identification generally adopted since Bochart (Canaan, 1:18, p. 480). Hitzig (Comment. on Ezekiel 1. c.) proposes to alter the punctuation to '''''כְּלַמֻּר''''' ''',''' ''Ke-Limmud '''''´''''' ,'' giving the sense "Asshur was [[As]] thy ''Pupil'' in commerce," as first suggested by Kimchi (in loc.). The Chaldee [[Targum]] has '''''מָרִי''''' , ''Media.'' For other conjectures, see Rosenm '''''Ü''''' ller in loc. (See Chaldaea) p. 198. </p>

<p> ''''' kil´mad ''''' ( כּלמד , <i> ''''' kilmadh ''''' </i> ; Χαρμάν , <i> ''''' Charmán ''''' </i> ): A city or district mentioned after Sheba and Asshur as supplying merchandise to [[Tyre]] (&nbsp;Ezekiel 27:23 ). By changing "m" into "w" (common in Assyrian-Babylonian) this has been compared with <i> ''''' Kalwādha ''''' </i> near [[Bagdad]] (G. Smith, Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, I, 61; Delitzsch, <i> Paradies </i> , 206), but the identification seems improbable. Though regarded as the name of a country in the [[Septuagint]] and the [[Vulgate]] (Jerome's <i> Latin Bible </i> , 390-405 ad) ( <i> ''''' Charman ''''' </i> ; <i> ''''' Chelmad ''''' </i> ), there is some doubt whether this view of the word is correct. The Targum substitutes <i> ''''' Madhai ''''' </i> , "Media," and on this account Mez (Stadt <i> Harran </i> , 24) amends to <i> ''''' Kōl Madhai ''''' </i> , "all Media." The absence of the copula "and" has caused others to further modify the vocalization, and by reading <i> ''''' kelimmūdh ''''' </i> instead of Chilmad, the sense "Asshur was as the apprentice of thy trading" ( ''''' Ḳimḥi ''''' , Hitzig, Cornill) is obtained, but is not satisfactory. Probably both text and translation are susceptible of improvement. </p>