Difference between revisions of "Reed"

<p> ''''''Agmon''''' . Used to form a rope: &nbsp;Job 41:2, "canst thou put a rush rope ( ''''''Agmon''''' ) into his nose?" in &nbsp;Job 41:20 ''''''Agmon''''' is a "caldron" from '''''Agam''''' , "to flow." "Branch ("the high") and rush ("the low")" (&nbsp;Isaiah 9:14; &nbsp;Isaiah 58:5), "bow down ... head as a bulrush," imply that the head of the '''Agmown'' was pendulous. Some aquatic, reed like, plant, the '''''Αrundodonax''''' , or '''''Phragmitis''''' , used as a walking stick, but apt to break and pierce the hand leaning on it (&nbsp;2 Kings 18:21; &nbsp;Ezekiel 29:6-7). The '''''Gomee''''' , of the sedge kind ( '''''Cyperaceae''''' ), the papyrus or paper reeds of which Moses' ark was formed (&nbsp;Exodus 2:3). Used to form boats on the Nile, also garments, shoes, baskets, and paper (&nbsp;Isaiah 18:2); &nbsp;Job 8:11 "can the papyrus plant grow without mire?" so the godless thrive only in outward prosperity, which soon ends, for they are without God "the fountain of life" (&nbsp;Psalms 36:9). Rapid growth at first, like the papyrus; then sudden destruction. </p> <p> The papyrus is not now found in Egypt; but it has for ages been on the margin of Lake [[Huleh]] or [[Merom]] and Lake [[Tiberius]] and in Syria. [[Paper]] was formed by cutting the interior of the stalks into thin slices lengthwise, after removing the rind, and laying them side by side in succession on a flat board; similar ones were laid over them at right angles, and the whole was cemented together by a glue, and pressed and dried. The [[Egyptians]] stewed and ate the lower part of the papyrus (Herodotus ii. 92). It grows from three to six feet high; Tristram (Land of Israel, 436) says 16 feet, and the triangular stems three inches in diameter, N. of Lake Tiberias. There are no leaves; the flowers are small spikelets at the tip of the threadlike branchlets which together form a bushy crown on each stem. </p> <p> '''''Αroth''''' (&nbsp;Isaiah 19:7) not "paper reeds," but grassy pastures on the banks of the Nile; literally, places bare of wood, from ''''''Aarah''''' "to make bore" (Gesenius). KJV is from ''''''Or''''' the delicate "membrane"; the antithesis to "everything sown by the brooks" is, the aroth were not sown but growing of themselves. In mentioning "the reeds and flags" it is likely the papyrus would not be omitted; however, a different word in the chap. before (&nbsp;Isaiah 18:2, '''''Gomee''''' ) expresses the "papyrus". '''''Κaneh''''' "a reed" in general; a measuring reed, six cubits long (&nbsp;Ezekiel 40:5; &nbsp;Ezekiel 41:8; compare &nbsp;Revelation 11:1; &nbsp;Revelation 21:15). The "sweet reed from a far country" is possibly the '''''Αndropogon [[Calamus]] Aromaticus''''' of central India; '''''Keneh Bosem''''' (&nbsp;Exodus 30:23 "sweet calamus") or '''''Hatob''''' (&nbsp;Jeremiah 6:20); or it may be rather the lemon grass ( '''''Αndropogon Schoenanthus''''' ) of India (&nbsp;Isaiah 43:24; &nbsp;Song of [[Solomon]] 4:14; &nbsp;Ezekiel 27:19). </p>

<li> Heb. kaneh (&nbsp;1 Kings 14:15; &nbsp;Job 40:21; &nbsp;Isaiah 19:6 ), whence the Gr. kanna, a "cane," a generic name for a reed of any kind. <p> The reed of Egypt and Palestine is the Arundo donax, which grows to the height of 12 feet, its stalk jointed like the bamboo, "with a magnificent panicle of blossom at the top, and so slender and yielding that it will lie perfectly flat under a gust of wind, and immediately resume its upright position." It is used to illustrate weakness (&nbsp;2 Kings 18:21; &nbsp;Ezekiel 29:6 ), also fickleness or instability (&nbsp;Matthew 11:7; Compare &nbsp;Ephesians 4:14 ). </p> <p> A "bruised reed" (&nbsp;Isaiah 42:3; &nbsp;Matthew 12:20 ) is an emblem of a believer weak in grace. A reed was put into our Lord's hands in derision (&nbsp;Matthew 27:29 ); and "they took the reed and smote him on the head" (30). The "reed" on which they put the sponge filled with vinegar (&nbsp;Matthew 27:48 ) was, according to (&nbsp;John 19:29 ), a hyssop stalk, which must have been of some length, or perhaps a bunch of hyssop twigs fastened to a rod with the sponge. (See [[Cane]] .) </p> <div> <p> '''Copyright Statement''' These dictionary topics are from M.G. Easton [[M.A., DD]]  Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Third Edition, published by [[Thomas]] Nelson, 1897. Public Domain. </p> <p> '''Bibliography Information''' Easton, Matthew George. Entry for 'Reed'. Easton's Bible Dictionary. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/ebd/r/reed.html. 1897. </p> </div> </li>

<div> '''1: '''''Κάλαμος''''' ''' (Strong'S #2563 — Noun Masculine — kalamos — kal'-am-os ) </div> <p> denotes (a) "the reed" mentioned in &nbsp;Matthew 11:7; &nbsp;12:20; &nbsp;Luke 7:24 , the same as the Heb., qaneh (among the various reeds in the OT), e.g., &nbsp;Isaiah 42:3 , from which &nbsp;Matthew 12:20 is quoted (cp. &nbsp; Job 40:21; &nbsp;Ezekiel 29:6 , "a reed with jointed, hollow stalk"); (b) "a reed staff, staff," &nbsp;Matthew 27:29,30,48; &nbsp;Mark 15:19,36 (cp. rhabdos, "a rod;" in &nbsp; 2 Kings 18:21 , rhabdos kalamine); (c) "a measuring reed or rod," &nbsp;Revelation 11:1; &nbsp;21:15,16; (d) "a writing reed, a pen," &nbsp;3 John 1:13; see Pen. </p>

<p> See [[Weights]] and [[Measures]] </p>

<p> ''''' rēd ''''' : (1) אחוּ , <i> ''''' 'āḥū ''''' </i> , translated "reed-grass" (&nbsp; Genesis 41:2 , &nbsp;Genesis 41:18; &nbsp;Job 8:11 margin). See [[Flag]] . (2) אבה , <i> ''''' 'ēbheh ''''' </i> , translated "swift," margin "reed" (&nbsp;Job 9:26 ). The "ships of reed" are the light skiffs made of plaited reeds used on the Nile; compare "vessels of papyrus" (&nbsp;Isaiah 18:2 ). (3) אגמּים , <i> ''''' 'ăghammı̄m ''''' </i> , translated "reeds," margin "marshes," Hebrew "pools" (&nbsp;Jeremiah 51:32 ); elsewhere "pools" (&nbsp;Exodus 7:19; &nbsp;Exodus 8:5; &nbsp;Isaiah 14:23 , etc.). See [[Pools]] . (4) ערות , <i> ''''' ‛ārōth ''''' </i> ; ἄχι , <i> ''''' áchi ''''' </i> , translated "meadows," the King James Version "paper reeds" (&nbsp;Isaiah 19:7 ). See Meadows . (5) קנה , <i> ''''' ḳāneh ''''' </i> ; κάλαμος , <i> ''''' kálamos ''''' </i> (the English "cane" comes from Hebrew via Latin and Greek <i> ''''' canna ''''' </i> ), "stalk" (&nbsp;Genesis 41:5 , &nbsp;Genesis 41:22 ); "shaft" (&nbsp;Exodus 37:17 , etc.); "reed," or "reeds" (&nbsp;1 Kings 14:15; &nbsp;2 Kings 18:21; &nbsp;Isaiah 36:6; &nbsp;Isaiah 42:3; &nbsp;Psalm 68:30 , the King James Version "spearman"); "calamus" (&nbsp;Exodus 30:23; &nbsp;Song of Solomon 4:14; &nbsp;Ezekiel 27:19 ); "sweet cane," margin "calamus" (&nbsp;Isaiah 43:24; &nbsp;Jeremiah 6:20 ); "bone" (&nbsp;Job 31:22 ); used of the cross-beam of a "balance" (&nbsp;Isaiah 46:6 ); "a measuring reed" (&nbsp;Ezekiel 40:3 ); "a staff of reed," i.e. a walking-stick (&nbsp;Isaiah 36:6; &nbsp;Ezekiel 29:6 ); the "branches" of a candlestick (&nbsp;Exodus 37:18 ). (6) κάλαμος , <i> ''''' kálamos ''''' </i> , "a reed shaken with the wind" (&nbsp;Matthew 11:7; &nbsp;Luke 7:24 ); "a bruised reed" (&nbsp;Matthew 12:20 ); they put "a reed in his right hand" (&nbsp;Matthew 27:29 , &nbsp;Matthew 27:30 ); "They smote his head with a reed" (&nbsp;Mark 15:19 ); "put it on a reed" (&nbsp;Matthew 27:48; &nbsp;Mark 15:36 ); "a measuring reed" (&nbsp;Revelation 11:1; &nbsp;Revelation 21:15 , &nbsp;Revelation 21:16 ); "a pen" (&nbsp;3 John 1:13 ). </p> <p> It is clear that <i> ''''' ḳāneh ''''' </i> and its Greek equivalent <i> ''''' kalamos ''''' </i> mean many things. Some refer to different uses to which a reed is put, e.g. a cross-beam of a balance, a walking-stick, a measuring rod, and a pen (see above), but apart from this <i> ''''' ḳāneh ''''' </i> is a word used for at least two essentially different things: (1) an ordinary reed, and (2) some sweet-smelling substance. </p> <p> (1) The most common reed in Palestine is the <i> Arundo donax </i> (Natural Order <i> Gramineae </i> ), known in Arabic as <i> ''''' ḳaṣabfarasi ''''' </i> , "Persian reed." It grows in immense quantities in the Jordan valley along the river and its tributaries and at the oases near the Dead Sea, notably around <i> ''''' ‛Ain ''''' </i> <i> ''''' Feshkhah ''''' </i> at the northwest corner. It is a lofty reed, often 20 ft. high, of a beautiful fresh green in summer when all else is dead and dry, and of a fine appearance from a distance in the spring months when it is in full bloom and the beautiful silky panicles crown the top of every reed. The "covert of the reed" (&nbsp; Job 40:21 ) shelters a large amount of animal and bird life. This reed will answer to almost all the requirements of the above references. </p> <p> (2) <i> ''''' Ḳāneh ''''' </i> is in &nbsp; Jeremiah 6:20 qualified הטּוב קנה , <i> ''''' ḳāneh ''''' </i> <i> ''''' ha ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' ṭōbh ''''' </i> , "sweet" or "pleasant cane," and in &nbsp;Exodus 30:23 , בשׂם קנה , <i> ''''' ḳenēh ''''' </i> <i> ''''' bhōsem ''''' </i> , "sweet calamus," or, better, a "cane of fragrance." &nbsp;Song of Solomon 4:14; &nbsp;Isaiah 43:24; &nbsp;Ezekiel 27:19 all apparently refer to the same thing, though in these passages the <i> ''''' ḳāneh ''''' </i> is unqualified. It was an ingredient of the holy oil (&nbsp;Exodus 30:23 ); it was imported from a distance (&nbsp;Jeremiah 6:20; &nbsp;Ezekiel 27:19 ), and it was rare and costly (&nbsp;Isaiah 43:24 ). It may have been the "scented calamus" ( <i> Axorus calamus </i> ) of Pliny ( <i> NH </i> , xii. 48), or some other aromatic scented reed or flag, or, as some think, some kind of aromatic bark. The sweetness refers to the scent, not the taste. See also Bulrush; [[Papyrus]] . </p>

<p> The word thus translated in the Old [[Testament]] is Kaneh, which occurs in;;;;;;; . It is the probable source of our word cane, a term which seems to have been used at the time our translation was made in a more general sense than at present, when the term cane has been applied more particularly to the stems of the Calamus rotang, and other species of rattan canes, which we have good grounds for believing were unknown to the ancients. In most of the passages of the Old Testament the word Kaneh seems to be applied strictly to reeds of different kinds growing in water, that is, to the hollow stems or culms of grasses, which are usually weak, easily shaken about by wind or by water, fragile, and breaking into sharp-pointed splinters. </p>