Difference between revisions of "Pitch"

<p> PITCH, n. L. pix Gr. most probably named from its thickness or inspissation L. figo. </p> 1. A thick tenacious substance,the juice of a species of pine or fir called abies picea, obtained by incision from the bark of the tree. When melted and pressed in bags of cloth, it is received into barrels. This is white or [[Burgundy]] pitch by mixture with lampblack it is converted into black pitch. When kept long in fusion with vinegar, it becomes dry and brown, and forms colophony. The smoke of pitch condensed forms lampblack. 2. The resin of pine, or turpentine, inspissated used in caulking ships and paying the sides and bottom. <p> PITCH, n. from the root of pike, peak. </p> 1. Literally, a point hence, any point or degree of elevation as a high pitch lowest pitch. <p> How high a pitch his resolution soars. </p> <p> [[Alcibiades]] was one of the best orators of his age, notwithstanding he lived when learning was at its highest pitch. </p> 2. [[Highest]] rise. 3. [[Size]] stature. <p> So like in person, garb and pitch. </p> 4. [[Degree]] rate. <p> No pitch of glory from the grave is free. </p> 5. The point where a declivity begins, or the declivity itself descent slope as the pitch of a hill. 6. The degree of descent or declivity. 7. A descent a fall a thrusting down. 8. Degree of elevation of the key-note of a tune or of any note. <p> PITCH, L. figo, to fix, and uniting pike, pique with fix. </p> 1. To throw or thrust, and primarily, to thrust a long or pointed object hence, to fix to plant to set as, to pitch a tent or pavilion, that is, to set the stakes. 2. To throw at a point as, to pitch quoits. 3. To throw headlong as, to pitch one in the mire or down a precipice. 4. To throw with a fork as, to pitch hay or sheaves of corn. 5. To regulate or set the key-note of a tune in music. 6. To set in array to marshal or arrange in order used chiefly in the participle as a pitched battle. 7. from pitch. To smear or pay over with pitch as, to pitch the seams of a ship. <p> PITCH, To light to settle to come to rest from flight. </p> <p> Take a branch of the tree on which the bees pitch, and wipe the hive. </p> 1. To fall headlong as, to pitch from a precipice to pitch on the head. 2. To plunge as, to pitch into a river. 3. To fall to fix choice with on or upon. <p> [[Pitch]] upon the best course of life, and custom will render it the most easy. </p> 4. To fix a tent or temporary habitation to encamp. <p> [[Laban]] with his brethren pitched in the mount of Gilead. &nbsp;Genesis 31 </p> 5. In navigation, to rise and fall, as the head and stern of a ship passing over waves. 6. To flow or fall precipitously, as a river. <p> Over this rock, the river pitches in one entire sheet. </p>

<p> zepheth (from a root "to flow" ) in its liquid state; chemar (from a root "to bubble up") solid; kopher , as used in covering (from a root "to cover") woodwork, to make it watertight (&nbsp;Genesis 6:14); asphalt, bitumen. The town Ιs ([[Hit]] ), eight days' journey from Babylon, supplied from springs the bitumen which was used as mortar in building that city (&nbsp;Genesis 11:3; [[Herodotus]] i. 179). Athenaeus (2:5) mentions a lake near [[Babylon]] abounding in bitumen which floated on the water. [[Bitumen]] pits are still found at Hit on the western bank of Euphrates; so tenacious is it "that it is almost impossible to detach one brick from another" (Layard, Nin. and Bab.). [[Asphalt]] is opaque, and inflammable, bubbling up liquid from subterranean fountains and hardening by exposure. Pitch or bitumen made the papyrus ark of Moses watertight (&nbsp;Exodus 2:3). </p> <p> The [[Dead]] Sea was called Lacus Αsphaltites from the asphalt springs at its southern end, the vale of [[Siddim]] (&nbsp;Genesis 14:3; &nbsp;Genesis 14:10). The Salt Sea after Sodom's destruction spread over this vale. At the shallow southern end of the sea are the chief deposits of salt and bitumen. The asphalt crust on the bed of the lake is cast out by earthquakes and other causes (Josephus B. J. 4:8, section 4; Tac. Hist. 5:6). The inflammable pitch (&nbsp;Isaiah 34:9) on all the plain, ignited by the lightning, caused "the smoke of the country to go up as the smoke of a furnace" (&nbsp;Genesis 19:28). Κopher means also a "ransom" or "atonement" (&nbsp;Job 33:21 margin). As the pitch covered the ark from the overwhelming waters, so the atonement covers the believer in Jesus from the blood of God's wrath. Κippurim , "atonement" (&nbsp;Exodus 29:36; &nbsp;Leviticus 23:27), and kapporeth , "mercy-seat," the covering of the ark and the law inside it (&nbsp;Romans 3:25; &nbsp;Romans 10:4), are related. </p>

<div> '''1: πήγνυμι ''' (Strong'S #4078 — Verb — pegnumi — payg'-noo-mee ) </div> <p> "to make fast, to fix" (cp. prospegnumi, &nbsp;Acts 2:23 , of crucifixion), is used of "pitching" a tent; in &nbsp;Hebrews 8:2 , of the "true tabernacle," the heavenly and spiritual, which "the Lord pitched." </p>

<p> is the rendering in the A. V. of two Hebrew words, ze'pheth, זְפֶת, and ''Ko'Pher, כֹּפֶר.'' The former is from the root ''Zuph,'' זוּפ, to flow, or ''Be Liquid'' (like the German ''Schmalz,'' from the verb ''Schmelzen)'' (&nbsp;Exodus 2:3; &nbsp;Isaiah 34:9; comp. Mishna, ''Schab.'' 2). The latter is from the root כָּפִר, ''To Cover'' or ''Smear,'' and is used in &nbsp;Genesis 6:14, where the Sept. has ἄσφαλτον, the Vulg. ''Bitumen.'' The word חֵמָר, ''Chemar,'' rendered "slime" (&nbsp;Genesis 11:3; &nbsp;Genesis 14:10; Exodus 2, 3), likewise belongs here. The three Hebrew terms all represent the same object, viz. mineral pitch or asphalt, in its different aspects: ''Zepheth'' (the ''Zift'' of the modern Arabs, Wilkinson, ''Anc. Egypt.'' 2, 120) in its liquid state, ''Chemâ R'' in its solid state, from its red color, though also explained in reference to the manner in which it boils up (the former, however, being more consistent with the appearance of the two terms in juxtaposition in &nbsp;Exodus 2:3; A.V. "pitch and slime"); and kopher, in reference to its use in overlaying wood-work (&nbsp;Genesis 6:14). Asphalt is an opaque, inflammable substance, which bubbles up from subterranean fountains in a liquid state, and hardens by exposure to the air, but readily melts under the influence of heat. In the latter state it is very tenacious, and was used as a cement in lieu of mortar in [[Babylonia]] (&nbsp;Genesis 11:3; Strabo, 16:743; Herod. 1, 179), as well as for coating the outsides of vessels (&nbsp;Genesis 6:14; Josephus, ''War, 4,'' 8, 4), and particularly for making the papyrus boats of the Egyptians water-tight (&nbsp;Exodus 2:3; Wilkinson, 2, 120). The [[Babylonians]] obtained their chief supply from springs at Is (the modern Hit), which are still in existence (Herod. 1, 179). The Jews and Arabians got theirs in large quantities from the Dead Sea, which hence received its classical name of Lacus Asphaltites. The latter was particularly prized for its purple hue (Pliny, 28:23). In the early ages of the Bible the slime-pits (&nbsp;Genesis 14:10), or springs of asphalt, were apparent in the vale of Siddim, at the southern end of the sea. They are now concealed through the submergence of the plain, and the asphalt probably forms itself into a crust on the bed of the lake, whence it is dislodged by earthquakes or other causes. Early writers describe the masses thus thrown up on the surface of the lake as of very considerable size (Josephus, ''War, 4,'' 8,4; Tacit. ''Hist.'' 5, 6; Diod. Sic. 2, 48). This is now a rare occurrence (Rooinson, 1, 517), though small pieces may constantly be picked up on the shore. The inflammable nature of pitch is noticed in &nbsp;Isaiah 34:9. (See Aphaltum); (See Bitumen). </p>

<p> ''''' pich ''''' : The translation of the noun לּפר , <i> ''''' kōpher ''''' </i> , and the verb כּפר , <i> ''''' kāphar ''''' </i> , in &nbsp; Genesis 6:14 and of the noun זפת , <i> '''''zepheth''''' </i> , in &nbsp;Exodus 2:3; &nbsp;Isaiah 34:9 . In &nbsp;Genesis 6:14 the words are the ordinary forms for "covering," "cover," so that the translation "pitch" is largely guesswork, aided by the Septuagint, which reads ἄσφαλτος , <i> '''''ásphaltos''''' </i> , "bitumen," here, and by the fact that pitch is a usual "covering" for vessels. The meaning of <i> '''''zepheth''''' </i> , however, is fixed by the obvious Dead Sea imagery of &nbsp;Isaiah 34:9-15 - the streams and land of [[Edom]] are to become burning bitumen, like the sites of [[Sodom]] and Gomorrah. In &nbsp; Exodus 2:3 <i> '''''zepheth''''' </i> is combined with <i> '''''ḥēmār''''' </i> , which also means bitumen (&nbsp;Genesis 14:10; see [[Slime]] ), and the distinction between the words (different consistencies of the same substance?) is not clear. </p>