Difference between revisions of "Ink"

<div> &nbsp;1: Μέλαν &nbsp;(Strong'S #3188 — Noun Neuter — melan — mel'-an ) </div> <p> the neuter of the adjective melas, "black" (see &nbsp;Matthew 5:36; &nbsp;Revelation 6:5,12 ), denotes "ink," &nbsp;2 Corinthians 3:3; &nbsp;2 John 1:12; &nbsp;3 John 1:13 . </p>

<p> &nbsp;Ink, &nbsp;Inkhorn. &nbsp;Jeremiah 36:18; &nbsp;Ezekiel 9:2. It is supposed that the common ink of early ages was made of water and pulverized, charcoal, or the black of burnt ivory, with the addition of some kind of gum. Other substances were doubtless used both for writing and coloring matter. The Romans used a dark purple liquid, which was obtained from a species of fish, for this purpose. The ink in common use at this day has been known for several centuries in Europe, and is usually made of nutgalls, vitriol, and gum. [[Ancient]] ink was more caustic, and less liable to fade or decay. Chinese ink is of the same quality. The professed writers or scribes carried with them, as they do at the present day in eastern countries, writing instruments, and among them was an inkhorn, thrust into the girdle at the side. </p>

<p> &nbsp;(1):&nbsp; (n.) A pigment. See India ink, under India. </p> <p> &nbsp;(2):&nbsp; (n.) A fluid, or a viscous material or preparation of various kinds (commonly black or colored), used in writing or printing. </p> <p> &nbsp;(3):&nbsp; (n.) The step, or socket, in which the lower end of a millstone spindle runs. </p> <p> &nbsp;(4):&nbsp; (v. t.) To put ink upon; to supply with ink; to blacken, color, or daub with ink. </p>

<p> &nbsp;2 Corinthians 3:3 (b) As in physical life, ink is used to make impressions upon paper, so in spiritual life, the [[Holy]] Spirit is the medium by and through whom impressions are made on human hearts. The ink is in contrast to the Holy Spirit. </p>

<p> &nbsp;Ink. &nbsp;See [[Writing]]&nbsp;. </p>

<p> ''''' ink ''''' (&nbsp; דּיו , <i> ''''' deyō ''''' </i> , from root meaning "slowly flowing," <i> Bdb </i> , 188; &nbsp; μέλαν , <i> ''''' mélan ''''' </i> , "black"): Any fluid substance used with pen or brush to form written characters. In this sense ink is mentioned once in the Hebrew [[Bible]] (&nbsp; Jeremiah 36:2 ) and 3 times in the Greek New [[Testament]] (&nbsp;2 Corinthians 3:3; &nbsp;2 John 1:12; &nbsp;3 John 1:13 ), and it is implied in all references to writing on papyrus or on leather. The inference from the "blotting out" of &nbsp;Exodus 32:33 and &nbsp; Numbers 5:23 that the Hebrew ink was a lamp-black and gum, or some other dry ink, is confirmed by the general usage of antiquity, by the later [[Jewish]] prejudice against other inks ( <i> OTJC </i> , 71 note) and by a Jewish receipt referring to ink-tablets (Drach, "Notice sur l'encre des Hébreux," <i> Ann. philos. chrét </i> ., 42, 45, 353). The question is, however, now being put on a wholly new basis by the study of the [[Elephantine]] Jewish documents (Meyer, Papyrusfund2, 1912, 15, 21), and above all of the Harvard [[Ostraca]] from [[Samaria]] which give actual specimens of the ink in [[Palestine]] in the time of [[Ahab]] ( <i> Harvard Theological Review </i> , Jan. 1911, 136-43). It is likely, however, that during the long period of Bible history various inks were used. The official copy of the law in the time of [[Ptolemy]] Philadelphus was, according to [[Josephus]] ( <i> Ant. </i> , Xii , ii, 11), written in gold, and the vermilion and red paints and dyes mentioned in &nbsp;Jeremiah 22:14; &nbsp;Ezekiel 23:14 , and The Wisdom of [[Solomon]] 13:14 ( <i> '''''mı́ltō kaı́ phúkei''''' </i> ) were probably used also for writing books or coloring incised inscriptions. See literature under [[Writing]]; especially Krauss, Talmud, <i> [[Arch]] </i> . 3 ,148-153; Gardthausen, <i> Greek Palestine </i> , 1911, I, 202-17, and his bibliographical references <i> passim </i> . </p>

<p> (&nbsp;דְּיוֹ, &nbsp;deyo', so called from its &nbsp;blackness, &nbsp;Jeremiah 36:18; Gr. &nbsp;μέλαν, black, &nbsp;2 Corinthians 3:3; &nbsp;2 John 1:12; &nbsp;3 John 1:13). The most simple, and hence probably the most ancient mode of preparing ink was a mixture of water with charcoal powdered, or with soot, to which gum was added. The Hebrews made use of different colors for writing, as did also the ancient Egyptians, and some of the books of the former are stated by Josephus to have been written in gold. The mode of writing mentioned in Numbers 5, 23, where it is said that "the priest shall write the curses in a book and blot them out with the bitter water," was with a kind of ink prepared for the purpose, without any calx of iron or other material that could make a permanent dye; these maledictions were then washed off the parchment into the water, which the woman was obliged to drink: so that she drank the very words of the execration. The ink still used in the East is almost all of this kind; a wet sponge will completely obliterate the finest of their writings. The ancients used several kinds of tinctures as ink; among them that extracted from the cuttle-fish, called in Hebrew &nbsp;תְּכֵֵֶלת, &nbsp;tekeleth. </p> <p> Their ink was not so fluid as ours. Demosthenes reproaches AEschines with laboring in the grinding of ink, as painters do in the grinding of their colors. The substance found in an inkstand at [[Herculaneum]] looks like a thick oil or paint, with which the manuscripts had been written in a sort of relievo, visible in the letters when a leaf is held to the light in a horizontal direction. Such vitriolic ink as has been used on the old parchment manuscripts would have corroded the delicate leaves of the papyrus, as it has done the skins of the most ancient manuscripts of Virgil and [[Terence]] in the library of the Vatican;' the letters are sunk into the parchment, and some have eaten quite through it, in consequence of the corrosive acid of the vitriolic ink with which they were written. (See [[Writing]]). </p>