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== | == Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_56168" /> == | ||
<p> | <p> (Ἑρμᾶς, Romans 16:14) </p> <p> [[Hermas]] is a [[Greek]] name, a contracted form of several names such as Hermagoras, Hermeros, Hermodorus, Hermogenes, etc., common among members of the Imperial household (J. B. Lightfoot, <i> Philippians </i> 4, 1878, p. 176), It is the last of a group of five names (all Greek) of persons, and ‘the brethren with them,’ saluted by St. Paul. Nothing is known of any member of the group. It is conjectured that together they formed a separate ἐκκλησία or ‘church,’ the locality of which we shall suppose to have been [[Rome]] or Ephesus, according to our view of the destination of these salutations. Cf. Romans 16:5; Romans 16:15 and perhaps Romans 16:11, and 1 Corinthians 16:19 and perhaps Acts 20:20. Possibly these five men were heads of five separate household churches, or leaders or office-bearers in the Church. </p> <p> T. B. Allworthy. </p> | ||
== | == Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_51478" /> == | ||
Romans | <p> <strong> HERMAS </strong> . A [[Christian]] at Rome, saluted in Romans 16:14 . The name is a common one, especially among slaves. [[Origen]] identifies this [[Hermas]] with the celebrated author of <em> The [[Shepherd]] </em> , a book considered by many in the 2nd cent. to be on a level with Scripture. For the disputed date of the book, which professes to record visions seen in the episcopate of [[Clement]] ( <em> c </em> <em> [Note: circa, about.] </em> . a.d. 90 100), but which is said in the <em> Muratorian [[Fragment]] </em> ( <em> c </em> <em> [Note: circa, about.] </em> . 180 200?) to have been written in the episcopate of [[Pius]] (not before a.d. 139), see Salmon’s <em> Introd. to the NT </em> , Lect. xxvi. But Origen’s identification is very improbable, the dates being scarcely compatible, and the name so common. </p> <p> A. J. Maclean. </p> | ||
== Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_35768" /> == | == Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_35768" /> == | ||
<p> One at [[Rome]] to whom [[Paul]] sends greeting (Romans 16:14). A [[Greek]] name. Irenaeus, Tertullian, and [[Origen]] attribute to him "The Shepherd," supposed by some to have been written in the episcopacy of [[Clement]] I; others deny [[Hermas]] of Romans 16 to be the author. Its author appears from internal evidence to have been married and to have had children, and to have been a lay mystic. Originally in Greek, but now only in a [[Latin]] version entire. An inferior kind of Pilgrim's [[Progress]] in three parts: the first has four visions, the second 12 spiritual precepts, the third ten similitudes shadowing forth each some truth. Each man, according to it, has a bad and a good angel, who endeavour to influence him for evil and good respectively. </p> | <p> One at [[Rome]] to whom [[Paul]] sends greeting (Romans 16:14). A [[Greek]] name. Irenaeus, Tertullian, and [[Origen]] attribute to him "The Shepherd," supposed by some to have been written in the episcopacy of [[Clement]] I; others deny [[Hermas]] of Romans 16 to be the author. Its author appears from internal evidence to have been married and to have had children, and to have been a lay mystic. Originally in Greek, but now only in a [[Latin]] version entire. An inferior kind of Pilgrim's [[Progress]] in three parts: the first has four visions, the second 12 spiritual precepts, the third ten similitudes shadowing forth each some truth. Each man, according to it, has a bad and a good angel, who endeavour to influence him for evil and good respectively. </p> | ||
== | == Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_72967" /> == | ||
<p> Her'mas. (Mercury). The name of a [[Christian]] resident at Rome. To whom St. [[Paul]] sends greetings. In his [[Epistle]] to the Romans. Romans 16:14. According to tradition, he was one of the seventy disciples, and afterward, bishop of Dalmatia. (A.D. 55). Irenaeus, Tertullian and [[Origen]] agree in attributing to him the work called The Shepherd. It was never received into the canon, but yet. Was generally cited with respect. Only second to that which was paid. to the authoritative books of the New Testament. </p> | |||
<p> | |||
== Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_66445" /> == | == Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_66445" /> == | ||
<p> A [[Christian]] to whom [[Paul]] sent salutations in his epistle to the Romans. Romans 16:14 . Some have judged him to be one of the [[Apostolic]] Fathers, and the writer of a treatise called "THE SHEPHERD OF HERMAS,"which was highly esteemed in the early church. It is a sort of allegory, and has been compared to Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress. Parts of it are very trivial, and some scarcely decent. It is found attached to the [[Greek]] manuscript of the N.T., known as the [[Codex]] Sinaiticus, and exists in several ancient [[Latin]] copies. </p> | <p> A [[Christian]] to whom [[Paul]] sent salutations in his epistle to the Romans. Romans 16:14 . Some have judged him to be one of the [[Apostolic]] Fathers, and the writer of a treatise called "THE SHEPHERD OF HERMAS,"which was highly esteemed in the early church. It is a sort of allegory, and has been compared to Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress. Parts of it are very trivial, and some scarcely decent. It is found attached to the [[Greek]] manuscript of the N.T., known as the [[Codex]] Sinaiticus, and exists in several ancient [[Latin]] copies. </p> | ||
== | == American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_16318" /> == | ||
<p> | <p> A [[Christian]] at Rome, Romans 16:14; supposed by some to have been the writer of the ancient work called "The [[Shepherd]] of Hermas"a singular mixture of truth and piety with folly and superstition. </p> | ||
== Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_40675" /> == | |||
Romans 16:14[[Apostolic Fathers]] | |||
== | == Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_31860" /> == | ||
Romans 1614 | |||
== Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_15875" /> == | == Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_15875" /> == | ||
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== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_43421" /> == | == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_43421" /> == | ||
<p> ( ῾Ερμᾶς, from ῾Ερμῆς, the [[Greek]] god of gain, or Mercury), the name of a person to whom [[Paul]] sends greeting in his [[Epistle]] to the Romans (16:14), and consequently then resident in [[Rome]] and a [[Christian]] (A.D. 55); and yet the origin of the name, like that of the other four mentioned in the same verse, is Greek. However, in those days. even a Jew, like Paul himself, might acquire [[Roman]] citizenship. Ireneeus, Tertullian, and [[Origen]] agree in making him identical with the author of "the Shepherd" of the following article, but this is greatly disputed. He is celebrated as a saint in the Roman calendar on May 9. — Smith, s.v. </p> | <p> ( ῾Ερμᾶς, from ῾Ερμῆς, the [[Greek]] god of gain, or Mercury), the name of a person to whom [[Paul]] sends greeting in his [[Epistle]] to the Romans (16:14), and consequently then resident in [[Rome]] and a [[Christian]] (A.D. 55); and yet the origin of the name, like that of the other four mentioned in the same verse, is Greek. However, in those days. even a Jew, like Paul himself, might acquire [[Roman]] citizenship. Ireneeus, Tertullian, and [[Origen]] agree in making him identical with the author of "the Shepherd" of the following article, but this is greatly disputed. He is celebrated as a saint in the Roman calendar on May 9. — Smith, s.v. </p> | ||
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_4420" /> == | |||
<p> ''''' hûr´mas ''''' ( Ἑρμᾶς , <i> ''''' Hermás ''''' </i> ): An abbreviated form of several names, e.g. Hermagoras, Hermeros, Hermodorus, Hermogenes, etc.; the name of a [[Roman]] [[Christian]] to whom [[Paul]] sent greetings ( Romans 16:14 ). [[Origen]] and some later writers have identified him with the author of The [[Pastor]] of Hermas, but without sufficient reason. According to the [[Canon]] of Muratori, the author of The Pastor wrote when his brother [[Pius]] was bishop of [[Rome]] (140-55 ad). He speaks of himself, however, as a contemporary of [[Clement]] of Rome (chapter 4) (circa 100 ad). The name [[Hermas]] is very common, and Origen's identification is purely conjectural. </p> | |||
== The Nuttall Encyclopedia <ref name="term_74690" /> == | == The Nuttall Encyclopedia <ref name="term_74690" /> == | ||
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<references> | <references> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_56168"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/hermas Hermas from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_51478"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/hermas Hermas from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_35768"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/hermas Hermas from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | <ref name="term_35768"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/hermas Hermas from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_72967"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/hermas Hermas from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_66445"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/hermas Hermas from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_16318"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/hermas Hermas from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_40675"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/hermas Hermas from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_31860"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/hermas Hermas from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_15875"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/kitto-s-popular-cyclopedia-of-biblial-literature/hermas Hermas from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature]</ref> | <ref name="term_15875"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/kitto-s-popular-cyclopedia-of-biblial-literature/hermas Hermas from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_43421"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/hermas Hermas from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> | <ref name="term_43421"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/hermas Hermas from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_4420"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/hermas Hermas from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_74690"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/the-nuttall-encyclopedia/hermas Hermas from The Nuttall Encyclopedia]</ref> | <ref name="term_74690"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/the-nuttall-encyclopedia/hermas Hermas from The Nuttall Encyclopedia]</ref> | ||
</references> | </references> | ||
