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== Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_38163" /> == | == Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_38163" /> == | ||
<span> 1 Corinthians 2:7 </span> <span> [[Joshua]] 7:1 </span> <span> Joshua 7:11 </span> <span> Joshua 7:25 </span | <span> 1 Corinthians 2:7 </span> <span> [[Joshua]] 7:1 </span> <span> Joshua 7:11 </span> <span> Joshua 7:25 </span> [[Ai]][[Joshua]] | ||
== Hitchcock's Bible Names <ref name="term_45074" /> == | == Hitchcock's Bible Names <ref name="term_45074" /> == | ||
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== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_70990" /> == | == Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_70990" /> == | ||
<p> <span> A'chan. </span> <span> (troubler). </span> An [[Israelite]] of the tribe of Judah, who, when [[Jericho]] and all that it contained were accursed and devoted to destruction, secreted a portion of the spoil in his tent. </p> <p> [[For]] this sin he was stoned to death with his whole family by the people, in a valley situated between [[Ai]] and Jericho, and their remains, together with his property, were burnt. <span> [[Joshua]] 7:19-26 </span> . From this event the valley received the name of [[Achor]] (that is, trouble). <span> [[See]] </span> | <p> <span> A'chan. </span> <span> (troubler). </span> An [[Israelite]] of the tribe of Judah, who, when [[Jericho]] and all that it contained were accursed and devoted to destruction, secreted a portion of the spoil in his tent. </p> <p> [[For]] this sin he was stoned to death with his whole family by the people, in a valley situated between [[Ai]] and Jericho, and their remains, together with his property, were burnt. <span> [[Joshua]] 7:19-26 </span> . From this event the valley received the name of [[Achor]] (that is, trouble). <span> [[See]] </span> [[Valley [[Of]] Achor]] <span> . </span> (B.C. 1450). </p> | ||
== Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_80132" /> == | == Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_80132" /> == | ||
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== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_616" /> == | == International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_616" /> == | ||
<p> | <p> '''''ā´kan''''' ( <span> עכן </span> , <i> '''''‛ākhān''''' </i> (in <span> 1 [[Chronicles]] 2:7 </span> Achar, <span> עכר </span> , <i> '''''‛ākhār''''' </i> , "troubler"): The descendant of [[Zerah]] the son of [[Judah]] who was put to death, in Joshua's time, for stealing some of the "devoted" spoil of the city of [[Jericho]] (Josh 7). The stem <i> '''''‛ākhan''''' </i> is not used in [[Hebrew]] except in this name. The stem <i> '''''‛ākhar''''' </i> has sufficient use to define it. It denotes trouble of the most serious kind - [[J]] acob's trouble when his sons had brought him into blood feud with his [[Canaanite]] neighbors, or Jephthah's trouble when his vow required him to sacrifice his daughter ( <span> [[Genesis]] 34:30 </span> ; <span> [[Judges]] 11:35 </span> ). [[In]] Prov ( <span> [[Joshua]] 11:17 </span> , 29; <span> Joshua 15:6 </span> , <span> Joshua 15:27 </span> ) the word is used with intensity to describe the results of cruelty, disloyalty, greed, wickedness. The record especially speaks of Achan's conduct as the troubling of [[Israel]] ( <span> 1 Chronicles 2:7 </span> ; <span> Joshua 6:18 </span> ; <span> Joshua 7:24 </span> ). In an outburst of temper [[Jonathan]] speaks of [[Saul]] as having troubled the land ( <span> 1 [[Samuel]] 14:29 </span> ). [[Elijah]] and [[Ahab]] accuse each the other of being the troubler of Israel ( <span> 1 Kings 18:17 </span> , <span> 1 Kings 18:18 </span> ). The stem also appears in the two proper names [[Achor]] and [[Ochran]] (which see). </p> <p> The crime of [[Achan]] was a serious one. [[Quite]] apart from all questions of supposable superstition, or even religion, the <i> '''''ḥērem''''' </i> concerning Jericho had been proclaimed, and to disobey the proclamation was disobedience to military orders in an army that was facing the enemy. It is commonly held that Achan's family were put to death with him, though they were innocent; but the record is not explicit on these points. [[One]] whose habits of thought lead him to expect features of primitive savagery in such a case as this will be sure to find what he expects; a person of different habits will not be sure that the record says that any greater cruelty was practiced on the family of Achan than that of compelling them to be present at the execution. Those who hold that the Deuteronomic legislation comes in any sense from [[Moses]] should not be in haste to think that its precepts were violated by Joshua in the case of Achan (see <span> [[Deuteronomy]] 24:16 </span> ). </p> <p> The record says that the execution took place in the arable valley of Achor, up from the [[Jordan]] valley. [[See]] [[Achor]] . </p> | ||
== Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_15020" /> == | == Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_15020" /> == | ||
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== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_17478" /> == | == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_17478" /> == | ||
<p> (Heb. Akan', <span> עָכָן </span> <span> , </span> prob. <span> troubler; </span> Sept. <span> Ἀχάν </span> in <span> [[Joshua]] 22:20 </span> , elsewhere <span> ῎Αχαρ </span> ), a son of Carmi, called also ACHAR ( <span> 1 [[Chronicles]] 2:7 </span> ), in commemoration of his crime and awful doom, as related in <span> Joshua 7:1-26 </span> (see Kitto's [[Daily]] [[Bible]] Illust. in loc.). The city of Jericho, before it was taken, was put under that awful ban, of which there are other instances in the early [[Scripture]] history, whereby all the inhabitants (excepting [[Rahab]] and her family) were devoted to destruction, all the combustible goods to be consumed by fire, and all the metals to be consecrated to [[God]] (see <span> [[Deuteronomy]] 7:16 </span> ; <span> Deuteronomy 7:23-26 </span> ). This vow of devotement was rigidly observed by all the troops when [[Jericho]] was taken, save by one man, Achan, a Judahite, who could not resist the temptation of secreting an ingot of gold, a quantity of silver, and a costly [[Babylonish]] garment, which he buried in his tent, deeming that his sin was hid. The [[Israelites]] were defeated, with serious loss, in their first attack upon Ai; and as Joshua was well assured that this humiliation was designed as the punishment of a crime which had inculpated the whole people, he took immediate measures to discover the criminal by means of the lot (q.v.). The conscience-stricken offender then confessed his crime to Joshua; and his confession being verified by the production of his ill-gotten treasure, the people hurried away not only Achan, but his tent, his goods, his spoil, his cattle, his children, to the valley (hence afterward called) of [[Achor]] (q.v.), near Jericho, where they stoned him, and all that belonged to him; after which the whole was consumed with fire, and a cairn of stones raised over the ashes, B.C. 1618. (See Pyle, Sermons, 3, 185; Saurin, Disc. Hist. 3, 78; Simeon, Works, 2, 574; Buddicom, Christ. [[Exodus]] 2, 350; Origen, Opp. 2, 415). The severity of this act, as regards the family of Achan, has provoked some remark (see A. Clarke and Keil, in loc.). [[Instead]] of vindicating it, as is generally done, by the allegation that the members of Achan's family were probably accessories to his crime after the fact, we prefer the supposition that they were included in the doom by one of those stern, vehement impulses of semi-martial vengeance to which the [[Jewish]] (like all Oriental) people were exceedingly prone, and which, though extreme (comp. <span> Deuteronomy 24:16 </span> ), was <span> permitted </span> (for the terms "all that he hath" did not necessarily prescribe it) as a check to a cupidity that tended so strongly both to mutiny and impiety. (See | <p> (Heb. Akan', <span> עָכָן </span> <span> , </span> prob. <span> troubler; </span> Sept. <span> Ἀχάν </span> in <span> [[Joshua]] 22:20 </span> , elsewhere <span> ῎Αχαρ </span> ), a son of Carmi, called also ACHAR ( <span> 1 [[Chronicles]] 2:7 </span> ), in commemoration of his crime and awful doom, as related in <span> Joshua 7:1-26 </span> (see Kitto's [[Daily]] [[Bible]] Illust. in loc.). The city of Jericho, before it was taken, was put under that awful ban, of which there are other instances in the early [[Scripture]] history, whereby all the inhabitants (excepting [[Rahab]] and her family) were devoted to destruction, all the combustible goods to be consumed by fire, and all the metals to be consecrated to [[God]] (see <span> [[Deuteronomy]] 7:16 </span> ; <span> Deuteronomy 7:23-26 </span> ). This vow of devotement was rigidly observed by all the troops when [[Jericho]] was taken, save by one man, Achan, a Judahite, who could not resist the temptation of secreting an ingot of gold, a quantity of silver, and a costly [[Babylonish]] garment, which he buried in his tent, deeming that his sin was hid. The [[Israelites]] were defeated, with serious loss, in their first attack upon Ai; and as Joshua was well assured that this humiliation was designed as the punishment of a crime which had inculpated the whole people, he took immediate measures to discover the criminal by means of the lot (q.v.). The conscience-stricken offender then confessed his crime to Joshua; and his confession being verified by the production of his ill-gotten treasure, the people hurried away not only Achan, but his tent, his goods, his spoil, his cattle, his children, to the valley (hence afterward called) of [[Achor]] (q.v.), near Jericho, where they stoned him, and all that belonged to him; after which the whole was consumed with fire, and a cairn of stones raised over the ashes, B.C. 1618. (See Pyle, Sermons, 3, 185; Saurin, Disc. Hist. 3, 78; Simeon, Works, 2, 574; Buddicom, Christ. [[Exodus]] 2, 350; Origen, Opp. 2, 415). The severity of this act, as regards the family of Achan, has provoked some remark (see A. Clarke and Keil, in loc.). [[Instead]] of vindicating it, as is generally done, by the allegation that the members of Achan's family were probably accessories to his crime after the fact, we prefer the supposition that they were included in the doom by one of those stern, vehement impulses of semi-martial vengeance to which the [[Jewish]] (like all Oriental) people were exceedingly prone, and which, though extreme (comp. <span> Deuteronomy 24:16 </span> ), was <span> permitted </span> (for the terms "all that he hath" did not necessarily prescribe it) as a check to a cupidity that tended so strongly both to mutiny and impiety. (See [[Accursed]]), </p> | ||
==References == | ==References == | ||
