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== Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_37230" /> == | == Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_37230" /> == | ||
<p> ' | <p> ''''''Oreb''''' , from a root "black," including the crow. Not allowed as food ( Leviticus 11:15). Of the order '''''Ιnsessores''''' , family '''''Corvidae''''' . Genesis 8:7, Noah's first messenger from the ark, which kept going forth and returning, resting on the ark but never entering, feeding on the floating carcasses; type of the carnal soul that having left God finds no rest ( Isaiah 57:20-21); like Satan ( Job 1:7; Job 2:2). Ravens fed [[Elijah]] at the brook [[Cherith]] ( 1 Kings 17:4; 1 Kings 17:6) when cut off from intercourse with men, who might have betrayed him to Ahab. When even the voracious ravens were against their nature made to care for him more than for themselves, his confidence was strengthened in Jehovah's illimitable resources to help him in his coming conflict with the idolatrous priests, dislikes the raven as of ill omen God cares for it ( Job 38:41; Psalms 147:9; Luke 12:24). </p> <p> The raven is singled out as exemplifying God's care for His creatures because of their restless flying in search for food to satisfy their voracious appetites. With their hoarse cry they unconsciously appeal to their Maker and [[Preserver]] for their necessary food, and never in vain, though they neither sow nor reap neither have storehouse nor barn. A lesson of faith to us. The ravens build their nests in solitary "valleys," hence a sign of desolation ( Isaiah 34:11). [[Birds]] of prey attack the eye especially. The mocker of his father shall die a death of shame, and be a prey to the "raven of the valley" ( Proverbs 30:17). The shrewd and ill visage of the raven, its mourning hue, its solitary haunts, harsh croak, instant scenting of premonitory decomposition even before death, made it be regarded as of ill omen. The glossy steel-blue black of the raven is the image of the bridegroom's locks ( Song of [[Solomon]] 5:11). </p> | ||
== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_74617" /> == | == Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_74617" /> == | ||
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== Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_78923" /> == | == Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_78923" /> == | ||
<div> '''1: | <div> '''1: '''''Κόραξ''''' ''' (Strong'S #2876 Noun Masculine korax kor'-ax ) </div> <p> "a raven" (perhaps onomatopoeic, representing the sound), occurs in the plural in Luke 12:24 . The Heb. oreb and the Arabic ghurab are from roots meaning "to be black;" the Arabic root also has the idea of leaving home. Hence the evil omen attached to the bird. It is the first bird mentioned in the Bible, Genesis 8:7 . Christ used the "ravens" to illustrate and enforce the lesson of God's provision and care. </p> | ||
== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_53667" /> == | == Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_53667" /> == | ||
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== Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types <ref name="term_198217" /> == | == Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types <ref name="term_198217" /> == | ||
<p> Isaiah 49:16 (a) The indelible and ineffaceable marks of [[Calvary]] are forever to be seen in the hands of the Lord [[Jesus]] | <p> Isaiah 49:16 (a) The indelible and ineffaceable marks of [[Calvary]] are forever to be seen in the hands of the Lord [[Jesus Christ]] They are a constant reminder of our tremendous need and CHRIST's sufficient supply for that need. </p> <p> Jeremiah 17:1 (a) The sins of [[Israel]] are indelibly written upon the pages of history and can never be erased or effaced from their persons. </p> | ||
== Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_165014" /> == | == Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_165014" /> == | ||
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== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_7758" /> == | == International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_7758" /> == | ||
<p> ''''' rā´v ''''' ' ''''' n ''''' ( ערב , <i> ''''' ‛ōrēbh ''''' </i> ; κόραξ , <i> ''''' kórax ''''' </i> ; Latin <i> Corvus corax </i> ): A large family of the smaller birds of prey belonging to the genus <i> Corvus corax </i> . A bird of such universal distribution that it is known from [[Iceland]] to Japan, all over Asia, Europe and Africa, but almost extinct and not of general distribution in our own country. In no land is it more numerous than in [[Palestine]] In general appearance it resembles the crow, but is much larger, being almost two feet long, of a glossy black, with whiskers around the beak, and rather stiff-pointed neck feathers. A bird exhibiting as much intelligence as any, and of a saucy, impudent disposition, it has been an object of interest from the beginning. It has been able to speak sentences of a few words when carefully taught, and by its uncanny acts has made itself a bird surrounded by superstition, myth, fable, and is connected with the religious rites of many nations. It is partially a carrion feeder, if offal or bodies are fresh; it also eats the young of other birds and very small animals and seeds, berries and fruit, having as varied a diet as any bird. It is noisy, with a loud, rough, emphatic cry, and its young are clamorous feeding time. </p> <p> [[Aristotle]] wrote that ravens drove their young from their location and forced them to care for themselves from the time they left the nest. This is doubtful. [[Bird]] habits and characteristics change only with slow ages of evolution. Our ravens of today are, to all intents, the same birds as those of Palestine in the time of Moses, and ours follow the young afield for several days and feed them until the cawing, flapping youngsters appear larger than the parents. In Pliny's day, ravens had been taught to speak, and as an instance of their cunning he records that in time of drought a raven found a bucket containing a little water beside a grave and raised it to drinking level by dropping in stones. </p> <p> Palestine has at least 8 different species of ravens. This bird was the first sent out by Noah in an effort to discover if the flood were abating ( Genesis 8:6-8 ). Because it partially fed on carrion it was included among the abominations (see Leviticus 11:15; Deuteronomy 14:14 ). On 1 Kings 17:4-6 , see Elijah and the present writer's <i> Birds of the Bible </i> , 401-3. Among the marvels of creation and providence in Job 38:41 , we have this mention of the raven, </p> <p> "Who provideth for the raven his prey, </p> <p> When his young ones cry unto God, </p> <p> And wander for lack of food?" </p> <p> The answer to this question is in Psalm 147:9 : </p> <p> "He giveth to the beast his food, </p> <p> And to the young ravens which cry." </p> <p> Both these quotations point out the fact that the young are peculiarly noisy. In Proverbs 30:17 it is indicated that the ravens, as well as eagles, vultures and hawks, found the eye of prey the vulnerable point, and so attacked it first. The [[Hebrew]] <i> '''''‛ōrēbh''''' </i> means "black," and for this reason was applied to the raven, so the reference to the locks of the bridegroom in the Song of Solomon becomes clear ( Song of Solomon 5:11 ). The raven is one of the birds indicated to prey upon the ruins of [[Edom]] ( Isaiah 34:11 ). The last reference is found in Luke 12:24 : "Consider the ravens, that they sow not, neither reap; which have no store-chamber nor barn; and God feedeth them." This could have been said of any wild bird with equal truth. </p> | <p> ''''' rā´v ''''' ' ''''' n ''''' ( ערב , <i> ''''' ‛ōrēbh ''''' </i> ; κόραξ , <i> ''''' kórax ''''' </i> ; Latin <i> Corvus corax </i> ): A large family of the smaller birds of prey belonging to the genus <i> Corvus corax </i> . A bird of such universal distribution that it is known from [[Iceland]] to Japan, all over Asia, Europe and Africa, but almost extinct and not of general distribution in our own country. In no land is it more numerous than in [[Palestine]] In general appearance it resembles the crow, but is much larger, being almost two feet long, of a glossy black, with whiskers around the beak, and rather stiff-pointed neck feathers. A bird exhibiting as much intelligence as any, and of a saucy, impudent disposition, it has been an object of interest from the beginning. It has been able to speak sentences of a few words when carefully taught, and by its uncanny acts has made itself a bird surrounded by superstition, myth, fable, and is connected with the religious rites of many nations. It is partially a carrion feeder, if offal or bodies are fresh; it also eats the young of other birds and very small animals and seeds, berries and fruit, having as varied a diet as any bird. It is noisy, with a loud, rough, emphatic cry, and its young are clamorous feeding time. </p> <p> [[Aristotle]] wrote that ravens drove their young from their location and forced them to care for themselves from the time they left the nest. This is doubtful. [[Bird]] habits and characteristics change only with slow ages of evolution. Our ravens of today are, to all intents, the same birds as those of Palestine in the time of Moses, and ours follow the young afield for several days and feed them until the cawing, flapping youngsters appear larger than the parents. In Pliny's day, ravens had been taught to speak, and as an instance of their cunning he records that in time of drought a raven found a bucket containing a little water beside a grave and raised it to drinking level by dropping in stones. </p> <p> Palestine has at least 8 different species of ravens. This bird was the first sent out by Noah in an effort to discover if the flood were abating ( Genesis 8:6-8 ). Because it partially fed on carrion it was included among the abominations (see Leviticus 11:15; Deuteronomy 14:14 ). On 1 Kings 17:4-6 , see Elijah and the present writer's <i> Birds of the Bible </i> , 401-3. Among the marvels of creation and providence in Job 38:41 , we have this mention of the raven, </p> <p> "Who provideth for the raven his prey, </p> <p> When his young ones cry unto God, </p> <p> And wander for lack of food?" </p> <p> The answer to this question is in Psalm 147:9 : </p> <p> "He giveth to the beast his food, </p> <p> And to the young ravens which cry." </p> <p> Both these quotations point out the fact that the young are peculiarly noisy. In Proverbs 30:17 it is indicated that the ravens, as well as eagles, vultures and hawks, found the eye of prey the vulnerable point, and so attacked it first. The [[Hebrew]] <i> ''''' ‛ōrēbh ''''' </i> means "black," and for this reason was applied to the raven, so the reference to the locks of the bridegroom in the Song of Solomon becomes clear ( Song of Solomon 5:11 ). The raven is one of the birds indicated to prey upon the ruins of [[Edom]] ( Isaiah 34:11 ). The last reference is found in Luke 12:24 : "Consider the ravens, that they sow not, neither reap; which have no store-chamber nor barn; and God feedeth them." This could have been said of any wild bird with equal truth. </p> | ||
== Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_16528" /> == | == Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_16528" /> == |