Difference between revisions of "Harrow"

<p> <strong> [[Harrow]] </strong> . In &nbsp; 2 Samuel 12:31 a passage which had become corrupt before the date of &nbsp; 1 Chronicles 20:3 as rendered in EV [Note: English Version.] , David is represented as torturing the [[Ammonites]] ‘under harrows of iron.’ The true text and rendering, however, have reference to various forms of forced labour (see RVm [Note: Revised Version margin.] ), and the ‘harrows’ become ‘picks of iron’ or some similar instrument. </p> <p> The Heb. verb tr. [Note: translate or translation.] ‘harrow’ in &nbsp;Job 39:10 is elsewhere correctly rendered ‘break the clods’ (&nbsp; Hosea 10:11; also &nbsp; Isaiah 28:24 , but Amer. RV [Note: Revised Version.] has here ‘harrow’). In Hastings’ <em> DB </em> <em> [Note: Dictionary of the Bible.] </em> ii. 306 several reasons were given for rejecting the universal modern rendering of the original by ‘harrow.’ This conclusion has since been confirmed by the discovery of the original [[Hebrew]] of Sir 38:26 where ‘who setteth his mind to “harrow” in the furrows’ would be an absurd rendering. There is no evidence that the Hebrews at any time made use of an implement corresponding to our harrow. [[Stiff]] soil was broken up by the plough or the mattock. Cf. Agriculture, § <strong> 1 </strong> . </p> <p> A. R. S. Kennedy. </p>

<p> HAR'ROW, n. An instrument of agriculture, formed of pieces of timber sometimes crossing each other, and set with iron teeth. It is drawn over plowed land to level it and break the clods, and to cover seed when sown. </p> <p> HAR'ROW, To draw a harrow over, for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface, or for covering seed sown as, to harrow land or ground. </p> 1. To break or tear with a harrow. <p> Will he harrow the valleys after thee? &nbsp;Job 39 </p> 2. To tear to lacerate to torment. <p> I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word </p> <p> Would harrow up thy soul-- </p> 3. To pillage to strip to lay waste by violence. Not used. 4. To disturb to agitate.

&nbsp;Job 39:10&nbsp;Isaiah 28:24&nbsp;Hosea 10:11&nbsp;Job 39:10&nbsp;Hosea 10:11 <p> Modern translations replace the harrow of the KJV with iron picks (NIV, NRSV); iron hoes (TEV), or sharp iron instruments (NAS) at &nbsp;2 Samuel 12:31; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 20:3 . See [[Agriculture]]; [[Tools]] . </p>

<p> ''''' har´ō ''''' ( שׂדד , <i> ''''' sādhadh ''''' </i> ): <i> ''''' Sādhadh ''''' </i> occurs in 3 passages (&nbsp; Job 39:10; &nbsp;Isaiah 28:24; &nbsp;Hosea 10:11 ). In the first 2 it is translated "harrow," in the last "break the clods." That this was a separate operation from plowing, and that it was performed with an instrument drawn by animals, seems certain. As to whether it corresponded to our modern harrowing is a question. The reasons for this uncertainty are: (1) The ancient [[Egyptians]] have left no records of its use; (2) at the present time, in those parts of Palestine and Syria where foreign methods have not been introduced, harrowing is not commonly known, although the writer has been told that in some districts the ground is leveled after plowing with the threshing-sledge or a log drawn by oxen. Cross-plowing is resorted to for breaking up the lumpy soil, especially where the ground has been baked during the long rainless summer. Lumps not reduced in this way are further broken up with a hoe or pick. Seed is always sown before plowing, so that harrowing to cover the seed is unnecessary. See Agriculture . Figuratively used of affliction, discipline, etc. (&nbsp; Isaiah 28:24 ). </p>

<p> A town of Middlesex, built on an eminence 200 ft. high, 12 m. from St. Paul's, London; its church, St. Mary's, founded by Lanfranc, is a Gothic structure of great architectural interest. Harrow School, a celebrated public school, was founded in 1571 for the free education of 30 poor boys of the parish, but subsequently opened its doors to "foreigners," and now numbers upwards of 500 pupils. </p>