Difference between revisions of "Beryl"

<p> The first in the fourth row of precious stones in the high priest's breast-plate (&nbsp;Exodus 28:20; &nbsp;Exodus 39:13), [[Hebrew]] tarshish , the tartessus stone, found in Spain. Sea green, pale blue, yellow, and almost white, are its various colors. The color of the cherubic wheels (&nbsp;Ezekiel 1:16; &nbsp;Ezekiel 10:9). In &nbsp;Ezekiel 28:13 it is one of the [[Tyrian]] king's treasures, margin: chrysolite. Set in rings of gold (&nbsp;Song of [[Solomon]] 5:14); not as Smith's [[Bible]] Dictionary, "his wrists are circlets of gold full set with topazes,' but the hands bent in are compared to beautiful rings in which beryl is set, as the nails are in the fingers The body of the man seen in vision (&nbsp;Daniel 10:6) resembled it. In &nbsp;Revelation 21:19-20, the city's eighth foundation, the chrysolite being the seventh. The aquamarine, according to Schleusner. </p>

<p> [[Beryl]] (βήρυλλος [&nbsp;Revelation 21:20], a word of unknown etymology) is a mineral which differs little from the emerald except in colour. It never exhibits the deep rich green of that gem, being in general pale green, and sometimes yellowish, bluish, brownish, or colourless. Its finer varieties, which are transparent, are called aquamarine. It usually takes the form of long six-sided prisms, vertically striated. It was much prized as a gem-stone by the ancients, and very fine specimens of Greek and [[Roman]] engraving in beryl are extant. Its great abundance in modern times has depreciated its value. In Revised Version margin of the OT, ‘beryl’ stands for <i> shôham </i> , which Flinders Petrie ( <i> Hasting's Dictionary of the Bible (5 vols) </i> iv. 620b) identifies with green felspar. </p> <p> James Strahan. </p>

<p> There is no certainty as to what stone the word <i> tarshish </i> denotes. The LXX translate it by different words. In &nbsp;Ezekiel 1:16; &nbsp;Ezekiel 10:9 the 'wheels' are compared to its colour, without stating what that was. Some suppose it was the golden topaz; others that it was the chrysolite. It was the first in the fourth row of the high priest's breastplate, and is mentioned in the foundation of the heavenly Jerusalem. &nbsp; Exodus 28:20; &nbsp;Exodus 39:13; &nbsp;Song of Solomon 5:14; &nbsp;Ezekiel 28:13; &nbsp;Daniel 10:6 . In &nbsp;Revelation 21:20 the word is βήρυλλος, beryl. </p>

<p> BER'YL,n. L.beryllus Eng.brilliant. </p> <p> A mineral, considered by Cleaveland as a subspecies of Emerald. Its prevailing color is green of various shades,but always pale. Its crystals are usually longer and larger than those of the precious emerald, and its structure more distinctly foliated. It is harder than the apatite,with which it has been confounded harder and less heavy than the pycnite. The best beryls are found in Brazil, in [[Siberia]] and Ceylon, and in Dauria, on the frontiers of China. They are found in many parts of the United States. </p>

<p> (n.) A mineral of great hardness, and, when transparent, of much beauty. It occurs in hexagonal prisms, commonly of a green or bluish green color, but also yellow, pink, and white. It is a silicate of aluminium and glucinum (beryllium). The aquamarine is a transparent, sea-green variety used as a gem. The emerald is another variety highly prized in jewelry, and distinguished by its deep color, which is probably due to the presence of a little oxide of chromium. </p>

<p> <strong> BERYL </strong> . See Jewels and [[Precious]] Stones. </p>

<p> is the uniform rendering in the Auth. Vers. only of the Heb. תִּרְשִׁישׁ, tarshish' (so called, according to Gesenius, as being brought from Tarshish), and the Gr. βήρυλλος, a precious stone, the first in the fourth row on the breastplate of the high-priest (&nbsp;Exodus 28:20; &nbsp;Exodus 39:13). The color of the wheels in Ezekiel's vision was as the color of a beryl-stone (&nbsp;Ezekiel 1:16; &nbsp;Ezekiel 10:9); it is mentioned among the treasures of the King of [[Tyre]] in &nbsp;Ezekiel 28:13, where the marginal reading is chrysolite; in &nbsp;Song of Solomon 5:14, as being set in rings of gold; and in &nbsp;Daniel 10:6, the body of the man whom Daniel saw in vision is said to be like the beryl. In &nbsp;Revelation 21:19, the beryl is the 8th foundation of the city, the chrysolite being the 7th. In &nbsp;Tobit 13:17, is a prophetic prayer that the streets of [[Jerusalem]] may be paved with beryl. In &nbsp;Exodus 28:20, the Sept. renders tarshish by "chrysolite," χρυσόλιθος, while they render the 11th stone, שֹׁה — ם, shoham, by "beryl," βηρύλλιον. In Ezekiel f, 16, they have- θαρσείς; in 10:9, λίθος ἄνθρακος; and 28:13, ἄνθραξ, in &nbsp;Song of Solomon 5:14, and in &nbsp;Daniel 10:6, θαρσίς . his variety of rendering shows the uncertainty under which the old interpreters labored as to the stone actually meant. (See [[Gem]]). [[Josephus]] takes it to have been the chrysolite, a golden-colored gem, the topaz of more recent authors, found in [[Spain]] (Pliny 37:109), whence its name tarshish (see Braun, De Vest. Sac. Heb. lib. 2, c. 18, § 193). Luther suggests turquoise, while others have thought that amber was meant. Kalisch, in the two passages of Exodus, translates tarshish by chrysolite, which he describes as usually green, but with different degrees of shade, generally transparent, but often only translucent-harder than glass, but not so hard as quartz. The passage in &nbsp;Revelation 21:20, is adverse to this view. Schleusner (1, 446) says the βήρυλλος is aqua-marine. "The beryl is a gem of the genus emerald, but less valuable than the emerald. It differs from the precious emerald in not possessing any of the oxide of chrome. The colors of the beryl are grayish-green, blue, yellow, and sometimes nearly white" (Humble, Dict. Geol. p. 30). — [[Penny]] Cyclopaedia, s.v.; Smith's Dict. of Class. Antiq. s.v. Beryllus. (See [[Onyx]]). </p>