Difference between revisions of "Hivites"

<p> <strong> HIVITES </strong> . One of the tribes of [[Palestine]] which the [[Israelites]] displaced ( Exodus 3:8; Exodus 3:17 [J [Note: Jahwist.] ]). Our oldest source (J [Note: Jahwist.] ) says that they were the people who, fearing to meet the Israelites in battle, by a ruse made a covenant with them ( Joshua 9:7 ). A Deuteronomic editor states that their villages were Gibeon, Chephira, Kiriath-jearim, and [[Beeroth]] ( Joshua 9:17 ). [[Gibeon]] was six miles N. W. of Jerusalem, and Beeroth ten miles N. of it. Probably, therefore, they inhabited a region north of Jerusalem. [[Genesis]] 34:2 (P [Note: Priestly Narrative.] ) makes the [[Shechemites]] Hivites, but this is of doubtful authority. The main part of the chapter is silent on this point. In Joshua 11:3 and Judges 3:3 they seem to be located near Hermon in the Lebanon, but ‘Hivite’ is probably here a corruption of ‘Hittite’ (cf. Moore, <em> Judges </em> , p. 79). Deuteronomic editors introduce [[Hivites]] often in their list of [[Canaanitish]] peoples, usually placing them before Jebusites. Perhaps this indicates that they lived near Jerusalem. 2 Samuel 24:7 , though vague, is not inconsistent with this. Some have supposed <em> [[Hivite]] </em> to mean ‘villager,’ but the etymology is most uncertain. Really nothing is known of their racial affinities. </p> <p> [[George]] A. Barton. </p>

<p> [[Hebrew]] always in the singular = "midlanders" (Ewald), "villagers" (Gesenius). Their abode was about Hermon and [[Lebanon]] (Joshua 11:3, "under Hermon in the land of Mizpeh"; Judges 3:3, "from mount [[Baalhermon]] unto the entering in of Hamath"); toward [[Tyre]] (2 Samuel 24:7), and [[Sichem]] or [[Shechem]] (Genesis 34:11), and Gibeon (Joshua 9:1; Joshua 9:7). Descended from [[Ham]] (Genesis 10:17). (See AVIM, with whom [[Septuagint]] identify them). </p> <p> A warm, impulsive, unsuspicious people, as their readiness to accept the cunning proposition of [[Simeon]] and [[Levi]] shows; peaceful and commercial, more keen to gain cattle and wealth than to wage war, as the same story shows; as also that of [[Abimelech]] (Judges 8:33 - 9:53). The [[Shechemite]] idol Baalberith, "Baal of the covenant," was a god of peace not war. Their not revenging themselves on Jacob's family, as he feared, is another proof of their quiet spirit. The [[Gibeonite]] Hivites showed the same unwarlike spirit, with the additional element of craft wherewith they in their turn deceived Israel, as Jacob's sons had deceived their forefathers. </p>

<p> Hivites, Land of the (hî'vîtes), A region in Canaan, along the coast of the Mediterranean, peopled by some of the descendants of Canaan, the son of Ham. Genesis 10:17; 1 Chronicles 1:15. On Jacob's return to Canaan, Shechem was in possession of the Hivites, [[Hamor]] the Hivite being the "prince of the land." Genesis 34:2. They voluntarily surrendered their country to Joshua. Joshua 9:7; Joshua 11:19. The main body of the Hivites were then living on the northern confines of western Palestine—"under Hermon in the land of Mizpeh," Joshua 11:3; "in Mount Lebanon, from Mount Baal-hermon unto the entering in of Hamath." Judges 3:3. They paid tribute to Solomon. 1 Kings 9:20; 2 Chronicles 8:7. Their country appears to have been afterward absorbed by the surrounding nations. </p>

<p> Among the many tribal groups that occupied [[Canaan]] before the Israelites dispossessed them were the people known as Hivites (Genesis 10:15-17; Exodus 3:8; Exodus 23:28; Deuteronomy 7:1; Joshua 3:10). They lived mainly in the mountain country of northern Palestine and Lebanon (Joshua 11:3; Judges 3:3; 2 Samuel 24:6-7), though some lived in Shechem and others as far south as Gibeon (Genesis 34:2; Joshua 9:3; Joshua 9:7; Joshua 11:19). They were among the many [[Canaanite]] tribal peoples used as slaves in Solomon’s building programs (1 Kings 9:20-21). Like other Canaanite groups they were eventually absorbed into Israel. </p>

Joshua 9:7Joshua 11:19Genesis 34:2Joshua 11:3Judges 3:3Deuteronomy 7:1 <p> [[Zibeon]] is identified as a Hivite (Genesis 36:2 ), but is listed among the [[Horites]] in Genesis 36:20 ,Genesis 36:20,36:29 . In addition, the Septuagint or earliest Greek translation reads “Horite” for “Hivite” in some texts (Genesis 34:2; Joshua 9:7 ). This may indicate an early linguistic confusion of “Horite” and “Hivite.” It is unlikely that the two are identical, although the exact relationship is unclear. See [[Horites]] . </p> <p> James C. Moyer </p>

<p> One of the races found early in Palestine: they were descendants of Ham through Canaan. Genesis 10:17 . Jacob, on his return to Palestine, found Shechem occupied by the Hivites. Genesis 34:2 . They also possessed Gibeon, and found means to deceive Joshua into making a league with them. Joshua 9:3,7 . They seemed to be more a commercial than a warlike people. We also find the Hivites in the north in mount Lebanon, and [[Israel]] was beguiled into making marriage contracts with them. Judges 3:3,5,6 . In the days of [[Solomon]] they were still in the land, and were made tributary to Israel. 1 Kings 9:20 . Israel suffered through not carrying out the directions of God to cast out these and other inhabitants of the land. They were by them led into idolatry. </p>

Genesis 10:171 Chronicles 1:15Genesis 24:2-28 <p> They are next mentioned during the Conquest (Joshua 9:7; 11:19 ). They principally inhabited the northern confines of Western Palestine (Joshua 11:3; Judges 3:3 ). A remnant of them still existed in the time of Solomon (1 Kings 9:20 ). </p>

<p> a people descended from Canaan, Genesis 10:17 . They are also mentioned, Deuteronomy 2:23 . The inhabitants of Shechem, and the Gibeonites, were Hivites, Joshua 11:19; Genesis 34:2 . Mr. Bryant supposes the Hivites to be the same as the Ophites, or ancient worshippers of the sun under the figure of a serpent; which was, in all probability, the deity worshipped at Baal-Hermon. </p>