386,926
edits
Difference between revisions of "Bone"
From BiblePortal Wikipedia
no edit summary
(Created page with "Bone <ref name="term_26440" /> <p> (prop. עֶצֶם , ettsem; ὄστεον), the hard parts of animal bodies ( Exodus 12:46). The expression " bone of my bone, and flesh of...") |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
== King James Dictionary <ref name="term_58573" /> == | |||
<p> (prop. עֶצֶם , ettsem; ὄστεον), the hard parts of animal bodies ( Exodus 12:46). The expression " bone of my bone, and flesh of my flesh" ( | <p> BONE, n. </p> 1. A firm hard substance of a dull white color, composing some part of the frame of an animal body. The bones of an animal support all the softer parts, as the flesh and vessels. They vary in texture in different bones, and in different parts of the same bone. The long bones are compact in their middle portion, with a central cavity occupied by a network of plates and fibers, and cellular or spongy at the extremities. The flat bones are compact externally, and cellular internally. The bones in a fetus are soft and cartilaginous, but they gradually harden with age. The ends of the long bones are larger than the middle, which renders the articulations more firm, and in the fetus are distinct portions, called epiphyses. [[Bones]] are supplied with blood vessels, and in the fetus, or in a diseased state, are very vascular. They are probably also furnished with nerves and absorbents, though less easily detected in a sound state. They are covered with a thin, strong membrane, called the periosteum, which, together with the bones, has very little sensibility in a sound state, but when inflamed, is extremely sensible. Their cells and cavities are occupied by a fatty substance, called the medulla or marrow. They consist of earthy matter, rather more than half, gelatin, one sixteenth, and cartilage, about one third of the whole. The earthy matter gives them their solidity, and consists of phosphate of lime, with a small portion of carbonate of lime and phosphate of magnesia. 2. A piece of bone, with fragments of meat adhering to it. <p> To be upon the bones, is to attack. Little used, and vulgar. </p> <p> To make no bones, is to make no scruple a metaphor taken from a dog who greedily swallows meat that has no bones. </p> <p> Bones, a sort of bobbins, made of trotter bones, for weaving lace also dice. </p> <p> BONE, To take out bones from the flesh, as in cookery. </p> 1. To put whale bone into stays. | ||
== Vine's Expository Dictionary of OT Words <ref name="term_76211" /> == | |||
<p> <em> ‛Etsem </em> (עֶצֶם, Strong'S #6106), “bone; body; substance; full; selfsame.” Cognates of this word appear in Akkadian, Punic, Arabic, and Ethiopic. The word appears about 125 times in biblical [[Hebrew]] and in all periods.This word commonly represents a human “bone.” In Job 10:11, <em> ‛etsem </em> is used to denote the bone as one of the constituent parts of the human body: “Thou hast clothed me with skin and flesh, and hast fenced me with bones and sinews.” When [[Adam]] remarked of [[Eve]] that she was “bone of his bone,” and flesh of his flesh, he was referring to her creation from one of his rib bones (Gen. 2:23—the first biblical appearance). <em> ‛Etsem </em> used with “flesh” can indicate a blood relationship: “And [[Laban]] said to [Jacob], [[Surely]] thou art my bone and my flesh” (Gen. 29:14). </p> <p> [[Another]] nuance of this meaning appears in Job 2:5 where, used with “flesh,” <em> ‛etsem </em> represents one’s “body”: “But put forth thine hand now, and touch his bone and his flesh [his “body”].” A similar use appears in Jer. 20:9, where the word used by itself (and in the plural form) probably represents the prophet’s entire “bodily frame”: “Then I said, I will not make mention of him, nor speak any more in his name. But his word was in mine heart as a burning fire shut up in my bones.…” Judg. 19:29 reports that a [[Levite]] cut his defiled and murdered concubine into twelve pieces “limb by limb” (according to her “bones” or bodily frame) and sent a part to each of the twelve tribes of Israel. In several passages, the plural form represents the “seat of vigor or sensation”: “His bones are full of the sin of his youth …” (Job 20:11; cf. 4:14). </p> <p> In another nuance, <em> ‛etsem </em> is used for the “seat of pain and disease”: “My bones are pierced in me in the night season: and my sinews take no rest” (Job 30:17). </p> <p> The plural of <em> ‛etsem </em> sometimes signifies one’s “whole being”: “Have mercy upon me, O Lord; for I am weak: O Lord, heal me; for my bones are vexed” (Ps. 6:2). Here the word is synonymously parallel to “I.” </p> <p> This word is frequently used of the “bones of the dead”: “And whosoever toucheth one that is slain with a sword in the open fields, or a dead body, or a bone of a man, or a grave, shall be unclean seven days” (Num. 19:16). [[Closely]] related to this nuance is the use of <em> ‛etsem </em> for “human remains,” probably including a mummified corpse: “And [[Joseph]] took an oath of the children of Israel, saying, [[God]] will surely visit you, and ye shall carry up my bones from hence” (Gen. 50:25). </p> <p> <em> ‛Etsem </em> sometimes represents “animal bones.” For example, the [[Passover]] lamb is to be eaten in a single house and “thou shalt not carry forth aught of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall ye break a bone thereof” (Exod. 12:46). </p> <p> The word sometimes stands for the “substance of a thing”: “And they saw the God of Israel: and there was under his feet as it were a paved work of a sapphire stone, and as it were the body of heaven in his clearness [as the bone of the sky]” (Exod. 24:10). In Job 21:23, the word means “full”: “One dieth in his full strength.…” At other points, <em> ‛etsem </em> means “same” or “selfsame”: “In the selfsame day entered Noah, and Shem, and [[Ham]] and Japheth, the sons of [[Noah]] …” (Gen. 7:13). </p> | |||
== Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_76966" /> == | |||
<div> 1: Ὀστοῡν (Strong'S #3747 [[Noun]] [[Neuter]] osteon os-teh'-on, <i> os-toon' </i> ) </div> <p> probably from a word signifying strength, or firmness, sometimes denotes "hard substances other than bones," e.g., the stone or kernel of fruit. In the NT it always denotes "bones," Matthew 23:27; Luke 24:39; John 19:36; Hebrews 11:22 . </p> Ephesians 5:30 | |||
== Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_94722" /> == | |||
<p> (1): </p> <p> (n.) Two or four pieces of bone held between the fingers and struck together to make a kind of music. </p> <p> (2): </p> <p> (n.) Dice. </p> <p> (3): </p> <p> (v. t.) To sight along an object or set of objects, to see if it or they be level or in line, as in carpentry, masonry, and surveying. </p> <p> (4): </p> <p> (n.) The hard, calcified tissue of the skeleton of vertebrate animals, consisting very largely of calcic carbonate, calcic phosphate, and gelatine; as, blood and bone. </p> <p> (5): </p> <p> (n.) One of the pieces or parts of an animal skeleton; as, a rib or a thigh bone; a bone of the arm or leg; also, any fragment of bony substance. (pl.) The frame or skeleton of the body. </p> <p> (6): </p> <p> (n.) [[Anything]] made of bone, as a bobbin for weaving bone lace. </p> <p> (7): </p> <p> (v. t.) To put whalebone into; as, to bone stays. </p> <p> (8): </p> <p> (n.) Whalebone; hence, a piece of whalebone or of steel for a corset. </p> <p> (9): </p> <p> (n.) Fig.: The framework of anything. </p> <p> (10): </p> <p> (v. t.) To steal; to take possession of. </p> <p> (11): </p> <p> (v. t.) To fertilize with bone. </p> <p> (12): </p> <p> (v. t.) To withdraw bones from the flesh of, as in cookery. </p> | |||
== Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types <ref name="term_197581" /> == | |||
<p> [[Genesis]] 2:23 (c) This indicates the very intimate relationship which exists between CHRIST and the church. The church in a figure was made possible by His wounded side. As [[Adam]] may be taken as a type of CHRIST, so [[Eve]] being taken out of him as a very part of him, is a type of the church which owes her very existence to the pains, the suffering and the glory of the Lord JESUS CHRIST. This refers only to the true [[Church]] of true born-again believers, and not to the great false church which has been made by men. </p> <p> Numbers 19:16 (c) Here is a type of anything that is dead. GOD does not want His people to be occupied with the dead things of this world, but with the living things of Heaven. The pleasures and the processes of this world are dead in the sight of GOD and have no spiritual value whatever in the [[Christian]] life. We are no longer dead in sins, but alive unto GOD. </p> <p> Judges 9:2 (b) [[Abimelech]] is telling the people that he is related to them by blood, being born of and in the nation of Israel. It is a type of intimate relationship. (See also2Sa 5:1,2Sa 19:13,1Ch 11:1). </p> <p> [[Psalm]] 38:3 (a) The innermost being of the [[Psalmist]] would rejoice in GOD's delivering power but, instead, he was filled with sorrow. </p> <p> Psalm 42:10 (a) [[David]] felt it deeply and keenly that GOD's enemies should be able to question GOD's care for him. </p> <p> Psalm 51:8 (a) By this figure David describes the misery of his heart because of his sin. He is hurt by his conscience as the pain of a broken bone hurts the body. (See Psalm 6:2; Psalm 31:10; Psalm 32:3; Psalm 102:3). </p> <p> Psalm 141:7 (b) This is a picture of the utter desolation and hopelessness of [[Israel]] when they turned their backs on GOD. </p> <p> Proverbs 3:8 (a) By this symbol [[Solomon]] assures that if they will walk with GOD they will be a strong, vigorous, active people, a nation of conquerors. </p> <p> Proverbs 12:4. (a) The sorrow caused by the unfaithfulness of the wife is compared to a disease that eats away the very vitals of the blood stream, and weakens the whole person. </p> <p> Proverbs 14:30 (a) [[Envy]] is compared to a disease which destroys the very foundations of faith and leaves the person spiritually sick and weak. Since the red blood cells come from the marrow of the bones, so rottenness in that substance destroys the vitality of the body. Envy has the same effect on the soul. It is a hidden malady in the life. </p> <p> Proverbs 15:30 (a) [[Good]] news is compared here to the life-giving effect and power of healthy bones. The good news brings new life and strength into the heart and soul. (See also Proverbs 16:24; Isaiah 58:11; Isaiah 66:14). </p> <p> Proverbs 17:22 (a) [[Diseased]] bones are a type of the bad news that causes the heart to faint, the strength to fail, and joy to cease. This is also a picture of the unhappy effect upon a person who is wholly occupied with his deep sorrows and his broken spirit. </p> <p> Proverbs 25:15 (b) Here is indicated that a kind answer will soften the hard heart of an enemy and will break down his resistance. </p> <p> Isaiah 38:13 (a) The pain which the king suffered, both physical and spiritual, hurt him so deeply he felt as if his bones were broken. </p> <p> Jeremiah 20:9 (a) The prophet was so obsessed with a desire to serve GOD and to testify of and for Him that it stirred his whole being and he felt it as though the bones of his body were affected. </p> <p> Jeremiah 23:9 (a) The prophet's whole body, as well as his mind. was deeply moved by the words of GOD given in power. He felt it especially because of the great failure of the prophets of Israel. </p> <p> Jeremiah 50:17 (a) These bones represent the elders and rulers of Israel who were conquered by Nebuchadnezzar. </p> <p> Ezekiel 24:4 (b) This figure is a prophecy that GOD will gather the choice men, the leading men of Israel, together for judgment because they forsook Him. </p> <p> Ezekiel 37:11 (a) These dry bones are used as a type of the condition of Israel when she had departed from GOD. The bones were dead, dry, useless, ugly and disjointed. GOD saw them as though they were all in one valley, though actually Israel was scattered over the world. All the bones were there, even the tiny ear bones. No bone was missing. This is a type of the fact that throughout the world GOD has His people in training so that when the nation is revived under GOD's hand and restored to His favor there will be every kind of person there necessary for the operation of the fully equipped empire. He will have electricians, printers, teachers, scientists, physicians, dentists, navigators, farmers, machinists and every other form of human activity. When these bones come to life through the operation of the [[Spirit]] of GOD they become mature men, fully equipped for the purposes of GOD. [[Every]] bone must be there in order to produce this result. These bones represent the fact that there was a former life which had disappeared. We do not read of the bones of any other nation. GOD still reckons that the [[Jewish]] people are one nation, one people, and are to be again His own chosen people. </p> <p> Zephaniah 3:3 (a) The prophet uses this figure to tell us that the rulers of [[Jerusalem]] were deliberate in their wickedness and went about their sinful practices leisurely. </p> <p> Matthew 23:27 (a) These bones represent the old dead traditions of Israel which were worthless and useless as a means of godliness, but which were handed down from generation to generation for strict observance. </p> <p> Ephesians 5:30 (a) This indicates the very intimate and sweet relationship which exists between CHRIST and His church. </p> | |||
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_26440" /> == | |||
<p> (prop. עֶצֶם , ettsem; ὄστεον), the hard parts of animal bodies (Exodus 12:46). The expression " bone of my bone, and flesh of my flesh" (Genesis 2:23), "of his flesh, and of his bones" (Ephesians 5:30), may be understood as implying the same nature, and being united in the nearest relation and affection. [[Iniquities]] are said to be metaphorically in men's bones when their body is polluted by them (Job 20:11). The " valley of dry bones" in Ezekiel's vision represents a state of utter helplessness, apart from [[Divine]] interposition and aid (Ezekiel 37:1-14). The [[Psalmist]] says, "Our bones are scattered at the grave's mouth" (Psalms 141:7). This appears to be a strongly figurative expression; but that it may be strictly true, the following extract from [[Bruce]] demonstrates: " At five o'clock we left Garigana, our journey being still to the eastward, and at a quarter past six in the evening arrived at the site of a village whose inhabitants had all perished with hunger the year before; their wretched bones being all unburied, and scattered upon the surface of the ground where the village formerly stood. We encamped among the bones of the dead; no space could be found free from them." The judgment of the Lord is denounced against the King of Moab, " because he burnt the bones of the King of [[Edom]] into lime" (Amos 2:1), or, as the [[Chaldee]] paraphrase explains it, "to plaster the walls of his house with it," which was a cruel insult. A piece of barbarity resembling this is mentioned by [[Sir]] [[Paul]] Rycaut, that the wall of the city of [[Philadelphia]] was made by the bones of the besieged by the prince who took it by storm. The passage in Amos 6:9-10, Roberts says, "alludes to the custom of burning human bodies, and to that of gathering up the half calcified bones, and to the putting them into an earthen vessel, and then to the carrying back these fragments to the house, or into some outbuilding, where they are kept till conveyed to a sacred place. In [[India]] this is done by a son or a near relation; but in case there is not one near akin, then any person who is going to the place (as to the Ganges) can take the fragments of bones, and thus perform the last rites." </p> | |||
==References == | ==References == | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
<ref name="term_58573"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/king-james-dictionary/bone Bone from King James Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_76211"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/vine-s-expository-dictionary-of-ot-words/bone Bone from Vine's Expository Dictionary of OT Words]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_76966"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/vine-s-expository-dictionary-of-nt-words/bone Bone from Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_94722"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/webster-s-dictionary/bone Bone from Webster's Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_197581"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/wilson-s-dictionary-of-bible-types/bone Bone from Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_26440"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/bone Bone from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> | <ref name="term_26440"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/bone Bone from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> | ||
</references> | </references> | ||
