Difference between revisions of "Clement"

<p> [[Mentioned]] in Philippians 4:3 . It is conjectured, though without evidence, that this is the same [[Clement]] who was afterwards a bishop at Rome, commonly called [[Clemens]] Romanus. The church at [[Corinth]] having been disturbed by divisions, Clement wrote a letter to the Corinthians, which was so much esteemed by the ancients, that they read it publicly in many churches. </p>

<p> Paul's fellow helper at Philippi, whom [[Origen]] (Commentary, [[John]] 1:29) identifies with the Clement, the apostolical father afterward bishop of Rome, whose epistle to the [[Corinthian]] church (part of the Alexandrius manuscript of [[Greek]] [[Old]] and New Testament) is extant. [[Philippi]] being closely connected with Rome, as a [[Roman]] colony, might easily have furnished a, bishop to the Roman church. </p>

<p> <strong> CLEMENT </strong> . The name of a fellow-worker with St. [[Paul]] ( Philippians 4:3 ). There are no sufficient grounds for identifying him with Clement, bishop of Rome, the writer of the <em> [[Epistle]] to the [[Church]] of [[Corinth]] </em> . </p> <p> J. G. Tasker. </p>

<p> [[Mention]] is made of [[Clement]] in Philippians 4:3 as one of St. Paul’s fellow-workers. [[If]] μετὰ καὶ Κλήμεντος is connected with συλλαμβάνου, Clement was urged to help in the work of reconciling [[Euodia]] and Syntyche. But it is better to connect the phrase with συνήθλησαν, so including Clement among those with whom these women and St. [[Paul]] ‘laboured in the gospel’; <i> i.e. </i> he had been conspicuous in [[Christian]] work in Philippi. But the reference does not suggest that he was in [[Philippi]] when St. Paul wrote; it is too oblique for that. [[Would]] he not have been asked to use his good offices to effect a reconciliation? [[Two]] things are possible: ( <i> a </i> ) he may be dead, though his memory is fragrant (the reference to other ‘fellow-workers whose names are in the book of life’ is not inconsistent with this suggestion); ( <i> b </i> ) he may be with St. Paul, one of the band who gathered about him in his imprisonment and through whom the [[Apostle]] carried on his work. [[In]] that case Clement was in Rome, and one of the arguments against identifying him with Clement, bishop of Rome, who wrote the [[Letter]] to the [[Church]] of Corinth, would disappear. The difficulty of date is, however, serious, though not insuperable. If Clement were a promising convert from Philippi, who after serving there with marked success became a pupil and companion of St. Paul, he could not very well have been less than 35 or 40 years of age when Phil was written from [[Rome]] about a.d. 60. If this Clement is to be identified with [[Clemens]] Romanus, he must have lived to extreme old age. The identification, first made by Origen, cannot be proved; it is even precarious; but Kennedy goes too far when he calls it ‘absurd’ ( <i> Expositor’s [[Greek]] [[Testament]] </i> , ‘Philippians,’ <i> ad loc </i> .). </p> <p> The name is a common one. </p> <p> Literature.-J. B. Lightfoot, <i> Philippians </i> 4, 1878 (esp. note on p. 168ff.); H. A. A. Kennedy, <i> Expositor’s Greek Testament </i> , ‘Philippians,’ 1903; articleon ‘Clement’ in <i> Hasting's [[Dictionary]] of the [[Bible]] (5 vols) </i> ; E. B. Redlich, <i> St. Paul and his Companions </i> , 1913, p. 223. </p> <p> J. E. Roberts. </p>

<p> CLEMENT, a. [[Mild]] in temper and disposition gentle lenient merciful kind tender compassionate. </p>

<p> [[Fellow]] labourer with [[Paul]] at Philippi. Philippians 4:3 . [[He]] is accounted to be one of the [[Apostolic]] Fathers, a name given to those who lived in the times of the apostles and who have left writings bearing their names. </p> <p> CLEMENT, EPISTLES OF. There are two epistles ascribed to Clement, and which in the [[Codex]] Alexandrinus follow the Revelation. The first is considered genuine, but the second is very doubtful. [[Eusebius]] says of the first that it was read in the churches in early times and also in his own day.He calls it 'an [[Epistle]] in the name of the church of [[Rome]] (over which churchClement is recorded as bishop) to the church at Corinth.' [[Apparently]] there was dissension in the church at Corinth: he thus addresses them: "It is disgraceful, beloved, yea, highly disgraceful and unworthy of your [[Christian]] profession, that such a thing should be heard of as that the most steadfast and ancient church of the Corinthians should, on account of one or two persons, engage in sedition against its presbyters." A great deal is said about repentance, love, and good works; but sacrifices to be offered at [[Jerusalem]] are strangely interwoven with the exhortations, though he was writing to Gentiles. </p> <p> [[His]] fanciful use of the O.T. scriptures is remarkable. [[Thus]] in speaking of the appointment of bishops and deacons he says, "Nor was this any new thing, since indeed many ages before it was written concerning bishops and deacons. [[For]] thus saith the scripture, in a certain place, 'I will appoint their bishops in righteousness, and their deacons in faith.'" Chap. xlii. This is doubtless intended as a quotation from [[Isaiah]] 60:17 in the LXX, but altered to suit his purpose; for the LXX reads "I will make thy princes peaceable, and thine overseers righteous." [[As]] an emblem of the resurrection [[Clement]] relates the heathen fable of the phoenix living five hundred years, and then rising again as a fresh bird from its own ashes. He then adds that [[God]] "even by a bird shows us the mightiness of His power to fulfil His promise." Chaps. xxv., xxvi. [[Though]] there are many pious remarks scattered through the epistle, there is on the whole a great difference between it and holy scripture; a deep dark line separates it widely from everything that bears the stamp of divine inspiration. </p>

<p> Clem'ent. (mild, merciful). [[Philemon]] 4:3. A fellow laborer of St. Paul, when he was at Philippi, (A.D. 57). It was generally believed, in the ancient Church, that this [[Clement]] was identical with the bishop of [[Rome]] who, afterwards, became so celebrated. </p>

<p> '''''klem´ent''''' ( Κλήμης , <i> '''''Klḗmēs''''' </i> , "mild"): A fellow-worker with [[Paul]] at Philippi, mentioned with especial commendation in Philippians 4:3 . The name being common, no inference can be drawn from this statement as to any identity with the author of the [[Epistle]] to the Corinthians published under this name, who was also the third bishop of Rome. The truth of this supposition ("it cannot be called a tradition," Donaldson, <i> The [[Apostolical]] [[Fathers]] </i> , 120), although found in Origen, Eusebius, [[Epiphanius]] and Jerome, can neither be proved nor disproved. Even [[Roman]] [[Catholic]] authorities dispute it (article "Clement," <i> Catholic [[Cyclopaedia]] </i> , IV, 13). The remoteness between the two in time and place is against it; "a wholly uncritical view" (Cruttwell, <i> [[Literary]] [[History]] of [[Early]] [[Christianity]] </i> , 31). </p>

<p> Clement, a person mentioned by [[Paul]] , as one whose name was in the book of life. [[For]] the meaning of this phrase, see [[Book]] of Life. This [[Clement]] was, by the ancient church, identified with the bishop of [[Rome]] of the same name; and that opinion has naturally been followed by [[Roman]] [[Catholic]] expositors. It cannot now be proved incorrect; but the suspicion exists that the case here may be as with many other names in the New Testament, which have been assigned to celebrated persons of a later period. Clement is said to have lived to the third year of the emperor [[Trajan]] (A.D. 100), when he suffered martyrdom. </p>

<p> (Κλήμης for Lat. clemens, merciful), a person (apparently a [[Christian]] of Philippi) mentioned by [[Paul]] (Philippians 4:3) as one whose name was in the book of life (q.v.), A.D. 57. This [[Clement]] was, by the ancient Church, identified with the bishop of [[Rome]] of the same name (Eusebius Hist. [[Ecclesiastes]] 3:4; Constitut. Apost. 7, 46, Origen, vol. 1, p. 262, ed. Lommatzsch; and Jerome, Scriptor. Eccl. p. 176, a); and that opinion has naturally been followed by [[Roman]] [[Catholic]] expositors. It cannot now be proved incorrect; and, in fact, it is not improbable in itself. There are essays on his life, identity, and character as a teacher, by [[Feuerlein]] (Altorf, 1728), Freudenberger (Lips. 1755), Frommann (Cobl. 1768), Roudinini (Romans 1606). (See [[Clement [[Of]] Rome]]). </p>

<p> Clement, the name of 14 Popes: </p> <p> [[Clement]] I., [[Pope]] from 91 to 100; one of the [[Apostolic]] Fathers; wrote an [[Epistle]] to the [[Church]] of Corinth, with references to the Canonical books. </p> <p> Clement II., Pope from 1046 to 1047. </p> <p> Clement III., Pope from 1187 to 1191. </p> <p> Clement IV., Pope from 1265 to 1268. </p> <p> Clement V., [[Bertrand]] de Goth, Pope from 1305 to 1314; transferred the seat of the [[Papacy]] to Avignon, and abolished the [[Order]] of the Knights Templars. </p> <p> Clement VI. Pope from 1342 to 1352; resided at Avignon. </p> <p> Clement VII., Giulio de Medici, Pope from 1523 to 1534; celebrated for his quarrels with [[Charles]] V. and [[Henry]] VIII., was made prisoner in [[Rome]] by the [[Constable]] of Bourbon; refused to sanction the divorce of Henry VIII., and brought about the schism of [[England]] from the [[Holy]] See. </p> <p> Clement VIII., Pope from 1592 to 1605; a patron of Tasso's; readmitted Henry IV. to the Church and the [[Jesuits]] to France. </p> <p> Clement IX., Pope from 1667 to 1669. </p> <p> Clement X., Pope from 1670 to 1676. </p> <p> Clement XI., Pope from 1700 to 1721; as Francesco [[Albani]] opposed the Jansenists; issued the bull [[Unigenitus]] against them; supported the [[Pretender]] and the claims of the Stuarts. </p> <p> Clement XII., Pope from 1738 to 1740. </p> <p> Clement XIII., Pope from 1758 to 1769. </p> <p> Clement XIV., Pope from 1769 to 1774, Ganganelli, an able, liberal-minded, kind-hearted, and upright man; abolished the Order of the Jesuits out of regard to the peace of the Church; his death occurred not without suspicions of foul-play. </p>

<ref name="term_15765"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/clement Clement from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref>

<ref name="term_30894"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/clement Clement from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref>

<ref name="term_35041"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/clement Clement from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref>

<ref name="term_39254"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/clement Clement from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref>

<ref name="term_45402"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hitchcock-s-bible-names/clement Clement from Hitchcock's Bible Names]</ref>

<ref name="term_50167"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/clement Clement from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>

<ref name="term_55473"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/clement Clement from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref>

<ref name="term_58988"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/king-james-dictionary/clement Clement from King James Dictionary]</ref>

<ref name="term_65535"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/clement Clement from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref>

<ref name="term_72001"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/clement Clement from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref>

<ref name="term_2485"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/clement Clement from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref>

<ref name="term_15338"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/kitto-s-popular-cyclopedia-of-biblial-literature/clement Clement from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature]</ref>

<ref name="term_33039"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/clement Clement from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref>

<ref name="term_70866"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/the-nuttall-encyclopedia/clement Clement from The Nuttall Encyclopedia]</ref>