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| == Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_53941" /> == | | == Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_37374" /> == |
| <p> <strong> [[ Shiloh]] </strong> . <strong> 1 </strong> . Here the [[ Israelites]] assembled at the completion of the conquest, and erected the Tent of Meeting; portions were assigned to the still landless tribes, and cities to the [[ Levites]] ( Joshua 18:1 etc. Joshua 21:1 etc.). At Shiloh the congregation deliberated regarding the altar built by the men of the eastern tribes in the [[Jordan]] Valley ( Joshua 22: 12 ff.). During the period of the Judges, it was the central sanctuary ( Judges 18: 31 ), the scene of great religious festivals and pilgrimages ( Judges 21:19 , 1 Samuel 1:2 ). On one of these occasions the Benjamites captured as wives the women who danced among the vineyards ( Judges 21:18 ff.). Here the youth of Samuel was spent, and from this narrative we gather that the ‘tent’ had given place to a permanent structure, a ‘ <strong> temple </ strong> ’ ( < em> hçkâl </em> ), under the care of the high priest [[Eli]] and his family. The loss of the ark and the disaster to his sons proved fatal to Eli ( 1 Samuel 4:12 ff.) , and Shiloh apparently ceased to rank as a sanctuary. The destruction of its temple, possibly by the Philistines, is alluded to in Jeremiah 7: 12; Jeremiah 7: 14; Jeremiah 26: 6; Jeremiah 26: 9 (cf. Psalms 78:60 ). Eli’s descendants are afterwards found at [[ Nob]] ( 1 Samuel 14:3; 1 Samuel 22:11 ). The prophet [[Ahijah]] was a native of Shiloh ( 1 Kings 11:29; 1 Kings 14: 2; 1 Kings 14: 4 ). </p> <p> The original name, as shown by the gentilic <strong> [[ Shilonite]] </strong> , was <em> Shiôn </em> . This form survives in the mod. <em> Seilûn </em> , a ruined site on a hill E. of the road to Shechem, about 9 miles N. of Bethel, and 3 miles S.W. of <em> Khân el-Lubbân </em> ( Lebonah, Judges 21: 19 ). A terrace on the N. of the hill, with a rock-hewn quadrangle, c. 400 ft. × 80 ft., may have been the site of the ancient temple. There is an excellent spring in the valley to the east. There are also numerous rock-hewn tombs. The terraced slopes tell of vineyards, long since disappeared. </p> <p> <strong> 2 </strong> . The real meaning of the clause ‘ <strong> until Shiloh </strong> come’ ( [[Genesis]] 49:10 EV [Note: English Version.] ) is doubtful. If ‘Shiloh’ were a name applied to the Messiah, it would have a special significance; but this cannot be discovered. No ancient version so reads it. The Targg. (Onk., Jerus., and pseud.-Jon.) all interpret it of the Messiah. The Peshitta, on the other hand, reads ‘until he shall come whose it [ <em> i. e. </em> the kingdom] is .’ Three possible readings are given in RVm [Note: Revised Version margin.] . (1) ‘Till he come to Shiloh’; grammatically correct, and supported by many scholars. [[Elsewhere]] in Scripture, Shiloh means the [[ Ephraimite]] town. This is taken to refer to Judah’s laying down the leadership he had exercised, when, the conquest finished, [[Israel]] assembled at Shiloh. Apart from other objections, however, <em> shçbet </em> , ‘sceptre,’ seems to denote something more than a mere tribal supremacy, and it is not certain that Judah possessed even that pre-eminence. (2) ‘Until that which is his shall come’; so LXX [Note: Septuagint.] ‘till the things reserved for him come.’ (3) ‘Until he shall come whose it is’ (Pesh., Targg. as above). While no certain decision as to the exact meaning is possible, the Messianic character of the verse is clear. It contemplates the ultimate passing of the power of Judah into the bands of an ideal ruler. </p> <p> <strong> Shilonite </strong> = ‘native of Shiloh’ is used of <strong> 1 </strong> . Ahijah ( 1 Kings 11:29 etc.). <strong> 2 </strong> . A family dwelling in [[Jerusalem]] ( 1 Chronicles 9:5 etc.). In the latter passage the true reading is prob. ‘the <strong> [[Shelanite]] </strong> ’ (cf. Numbers 26:20 ). </p> <p> W. Ewing. </p> | | <p> From '''''Shaalah''''' "to rest." The place at which [[ Israel]] attained its state of rest, and where the Lord rested among them ( Psalms 132:14). Judges ( Judges 21:19) describes its position as "on the N. side of [[Bethel]] (Beitin), on the E. side of the highway that goeth up from Bethel to [[ Shechem]] ( ''Nablus'' ), and on the S. of Lebonah." Now ''Seilun'' . The ark, which had been at [[Gilgal]] during the conquest of Canaan, was removed on the completion of the conquest to [[ Shiloh]] where it remained from Joshua's closing days to Samuel's ( Joshua 18:1 -10; Judges 18: 31; 1 Samuel 4:3). Here Joshua divided by lot the part of the western [[Jordan]] land not yet allotted ( Joshua 19: 51). Shiloh fell within [[Ephraim]] ( Joshua 16: 5-6) . The animal feast of [[Jehovah]] when the daughters of Shiloh went forth in dances gave Benjamin, when threatened with extinction, the opportunity of carrying off wives ( Judges 21:19 -23). At a distance of 15 minutes' walk is a fountain reached through a narrow dale; it flows first into a well, thence into a reservoir, from which herds and flocks are watered. </ p> < p> Here the daughters of Shiloh would resort, the spectators could see their dances from the amphitheater of surrounding hills. Terraces are traceable at the sides of the rocky hills, once covered with verdure and productiveness. Though the scenery is not striking the seclusion was favorable to worship and religious study. In the rockhewn sepulchres may have been laid the remains of some of Eli's house. Here [[Eli]] judged Israel and died of grief at the capture of the ark by the Philistines. Here [[Hannah]] prayed and Samuel was reared in the tabernacle and called to the prophetic office (1 Samuel 1; 2; 3). The sin of [[Hophni]] and [[Phinehas]] caused the loss of the ark and God's forsaking of His tabernacle at Shiloh ''(Called In [[Spiritual]] [[Sense]] "The House Of God, " Though Not Of Stone: '' Judges 18: 31 ''; '' 2 Samuel 7: 6 ''; '' 1 Kings 3: 2 '')'' , so that this became a warning beacon of God's wrath against those who sin in the face of high spiritual privileges ( Jeremiah 7: 12; Psalms 78:60 -61). </p> <p> [[ Ahijah]] the prophet was here consulted by the messengers of Jeroboam's wife ( 1 Kings 11:29; 1 Kings 12: 15; 1 Kings 14: 1-2). From Shiloh came the half pagan men, with offerings for the Lord's house, who had cut themselves, and whom [[ Ishmael]] slew ( Jeremiah 41: 5). A tell or hill , surrounded by higher hills, rises from an uneven plain, with a valley on the south side. On the hill the tabernacle would be conspicuous from all sides. On the summit of the hill are the remains of what was once a [[Jewish]] synagogue, subsequently used as a mosque. </p> <p> On the lintel over the doorway, between two wreaths of flowers, is carved a vessel shaped like a Roman '''''Amphora''''' , so closely resembling the "pot of '''''Manna''''' , " as found on coins and in the ruins of the synagogue at Capernaum, that it doubtless formed part of the original building. There is a curious excavation in the rock which may have been the actual spot where the ark rested; for its guardians would select a place sheltered from the bleak winds of the highlands. The position of the sanctuary was central for the [[ Israelites]] W. of Jordan. Major Wilson says northwards the tell at Seilun slopes down to a broad shoulder, across which a level court has been cut, 77 by 412 ft.; the rock is scarped to the height of five feet, evidently the site of the tabernacle. The mosque's title, the mosque of the Eternal, points to its original occupation by Jehovah's sanctuary. </p> |
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| == Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_74908" /> == | | == International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_8203" /> == |
| <p> ''' Shi' loh.''' </ p> < p> 1. In the Authorized Version of the Bible, Shiloh is once used as the name of a person, in a very difficult passage, in Genesis 49: 10, " The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be." [[ Supposing]] that the translation is correct, the meaning of the word is [[ Peaceable]] or ''Pacific'' , and the allusion is either to Solomon, whose name has a similar signification, or to the expected [[ Messiah]] , who in Isaiah 9: 6, is expressly called, the Prince of Peace. ''See '' [[Messiah]] ''.'' </p> <p> Other interpretations, however, of the passage are given, one of which makes it refer to the city of this name. ''See '' '''Shiloh , 2''' ''. '' It might be translated, "The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor the ruler's staff from between his feet, till he shall go to Shiloh. " In this case, the allusion would be to the primacy of Judah in war, Judges 1: 1-2; Judges 20: 18; Numbers 2: 3; Numbers 10: 14, which was to continue until the [[ Promised]] Land was conquered, and the [[ Ark]] of the [[Covenant]] was solemnly deposited at Shiloh. </p> <p> ''( Place Of Rest). '' </p> <p> 2. A city of Ephraim. In Judges 21:19 , it is said that Shiloh is "on the north side of Bethel, on the east side of the highway that goeth up from [[Bethel]] to Shechem and on the south of Lebonah." In agreement with this, the traveller of our own city, going north from Jerusalem, lodges the first night at '' Beitin'' , the ancient Bethel; the next day, at the distance of a few hours, turns aside to the right, in order to visit '' Seilun'' , the Arabic for Shiloh; and then passing through the narrow wady which brings him to the main road, leaves '' El- Lebban'' , the [[Lebonah]] of Scripture, on the left, as he pursues "the highway " to '' Nublus'' , the ancient Shechem. '' See '' [[Shechem]] '' .'' </ p> < p> Shiloh was one of the earliest and most sacred of the [[Hebrew]] sanctuaries. The Ark of the Covenant, which had been kept at [[Gilgal]] during the progress of the conquest, Joshua 17:1, seq. , was removed, thence, on the subjugation of the country, and kept at Shiloh, from the last days of Joshua to the time of Samuel. Joshua 18:10; Judges 18:31; 1 Samuel 4:3 . It was here, the Hebrew conqueror divided, among the tribes, the portion of the west Jordan region, which had not been already allotted. Joshua 18:10; Joshua 19:51. In this distribution, or an earlier one, Shiloh fell within the limits of Ephraim. Joshua 16:5. The ungodly conduct of the sons of Eli occasioned the loss of the Ark of the Covenant, which had been carried into battle against the Philistines, and Shiloh , from that time, sank into insignificance. It stands forth in the [[Jewish]] history as a striking example of the divine indignation. Jeremiah 7:12. </p> | | <p> (The most usual form is שׁלה , <i> ''''' shı̄lōh ''''' </i> , but it appears 8 times as שׁלו , <i> ''''' shı̄lō ''''' </i> , and 3 times as שׁילו , <i> ''''' Shı̄low ''''' </i> ; Σηλώ , <i> ''''' Sēlṓ ''''' </ i> , Σηλώμ , < i> ''''' Sēlṓm ''''' </i> ): A town in the lot of Ephraim where Israel assembled under Joshua at the close of the war of conquest ( Joshua 18: 1 ). Here territory was allotted to the seven tribes who had not yet received their portions. A commission was sent out to "describe the land into seven portions" ; this having been done, the inheritances were assigned by lot. Here also were assigned to the [[ Levites]] their cities in the territories of the various tribes (Joshua 18 through 21). From Shiloh [[ Reuben]] and [[ Gad]] departed for their homes East of the Jordan; and here the tribes gathered for war against these two, having misunderstood their building of the great altar in the Jordan valley (Joshua 22). From Judges 18: 31 we learn that in the period of the Judges the house of God was in Shiloh; but when the sanctuary was moved thither from Gilgal there is no indication. The maids of Shiloh were captured by the Benjamites on the occasion of a feast, while dancing in the vineyards; this having been planned by the other tribes to provide the Benjamites with wives without involving themselves in responsibility ( Judges 21:21 ff). While the house of the Lord remained here it was a place of pilgrimage ( 1 Samuel 1:3 ). To Shiloh Samuel was brought and consecrated to God' s service ( 1 Samuel 1:24 ). The sanctuary was presided over by Eli and his wicked sons; and through Samuel the doom of their house was announced. The capture of the ark by the Philistines, the fall of Hophni and Phinehas, and the death of the aged priest and his daughter-in-law followed with startling rapidity (1 Sam 3; 4). The sanctuary in Shiloh is called a "temple" ( 1 Samuel 1: 9; 1 Samuel 3: 3 ) with doorpost and doors ( 1 Samuel 1: 9; 1 Samuel 3: 15 ). It was therefore a more durable structure than the old tent. See [[ Tabernacle]] ; [[ Temple]] . It would appear to have been destroyed, probably by the Philistines; and we find the priests of Eli's house at Nob, where they were massacred at Saul's order ( 1 Samuel 22:11 ff). The disaster that befell Shiloh , while we have no record of its actual occurrence, made a deep impression on the popular mind, so that the prophets could use it as an effective illustration ( Psalm 78:60; Jeremiah 7:12 :14; Jeremiah 26:6 ). Here the blind old prophet Ahijah was appealed to in vain by Jeroboam' s wife on behalf of her son ( 1 Kings 14:2 , 1 Kings 14:4 ), and it was still occupied in Jeremiah' s time ( Jeremiah 41:5 ). </p> <p> The position of Shiloh is indicated in Judges 21:19 , as "on the north of Beth-el, on the east side of the highway that goeth up from Beth-el to Shechem , and on the south of Lebonah." This is very explicit, and points definitely to <i> ''''' Seilūn ''''' </i> , a ruined site on a hill at the Northeast of a little plain, about 9 miles North of <i> ''''' Beitı̄n ''''' </i> (Bethel), and 3 miles Southeast of <i> ''''' Khān ''''' </i> <i> ''''' el ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' Lubbān ''''' </i> (Lebonah), to the East of the highway to Shechem ( <i> ''''' Nāblus ''''' </i> ). The path to Seilun leaves the main road at <i> ''''' Sinjil ''''' </i> , going eastward to <i> ''''' Turmus ''''' </ i> <i> ''''' ‛Aya ''''' < /i> , then northward across the plain. A deep valley runs to the North of the site, cutting it off from the adjoining hills, in the sides of which are rock-hewn tombs. A good spring rises higher up the valley. There are now no vineyards in the district; but indications of their ancient culture are found in the terraced slopes around. </p> <p> The ruins on the hill are of comparatively modern buildings. At the foot of the hill is a mosque which is going quickly to ruin. A little distance to the Southeast is a building which seems to have been a synagogue. It is called by the natives <i> ''''' Jami' ''''' </i> <i> ''''' el ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' ‛Arba'in ''''' </i> , "mosque of the Forty." There are many cisterns. </p> <p> Just over the crest of the hill to the North, on a terrace, there is cut in the rock a rough quadrangle 400 ft. by 80 ft. in dimensions. This may have been the site of "the house of the Lord" which was in Shiloh. </p> |
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| == Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_43890" /> ==
| | == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_60404" /> == |
| Joshua 18:1[[Tabernacle]] <p> Judges 21:19 described Shiloh's location as “on the north side of Bethel, on the east side of the highway that goeth up from Bethel to Shechem, and on the south of Lebonah.” Twelve miles south of Shechem, Shiloh was in a fertile plain at 2,000 feet elevation. This is apparently modern Seilun, where archaeologists have unearthed evidence of [[Canaanite]] settlement by 1700 B.C. Perhaps when Israel chose a spot for the tabernacle, Shiloh was available for Joshua to use as the place to allot land to the tribes ( Joshua 18:1 ). </p> <p> Tribal annual pilgrimages to the tabernacle set the scene for another incident in Shiloh. The tribe of [[Benjamin]] had a dilemma in that no other tribe would give them their daughters for wives ( Judges 21:1 ). Because of this, the men of Benjamin waited in the vineyards ( Judges 21:20 ) until the dancing women went out of Shiloh where they were then captured and taken as wives. </p> <p> Samuel's early years provided another connection with Shiloh ( 1 Samuel 1-4 ). At the tabernacle, [[Hannah]] vowed to the Lord that if He would give her a son she would give him back to God ( 1 Samuel 1:1 ). After the birth of Samuel, Hannah brought him to Shiloh in gratitude to God ( 1 Samuel 1:24-28 ). Thus, Shiloh became home for Samuel as he lived under the care of Eli, the high priest, and his two wicked sons, [[Hophni]] and Phinehas. Later, Samuel received the Lord's message that the priesthood would be taken from Eli's family ( 1 Samuel 3:1 ). Years later, following a defeat at Aphek, the [[Israelite]] army sent for the ark of the covenant from Shiloh. Mistakenly thinking that the ark would bring victory, the Israelites lost the second battle of [[Aphek]] to the Philistines. Results included losing the ark; the deaths of Hophni, Phinehas, and Eli; and the apparent conquering of Shiloh ( 1 Samuel 4:1 ). </p> <p> No explicit biblical reference was made to Shiloh's final fate. According to archaeological evidence, Shiloh apparently was destroyed about 1050 B.C. by the Philistines. Supporting this was the fact that when the [[Philistines]] finally returned the ark of the covenant, it was housed at Kiriath-jearim rather than Shiloh ( 1 Samuel 7:1 ). Also, Jeremiah warned Jerusalem that it might suffer the same destructive fate as Shiloh ( 1 Samuel 7:12 ). </p> <p> Centuries later, Jeremiah used Shiloh and the tabernacle as illustrations to warn Jerusalem that it was not safe merely because it housed the [[Temple]] ( Jeremiah 7:12-14 ). Hearing the same message again, the people sought to kill Jeremiah ( Jeremiah 26:6-9 ). Jeremiah mentioned some men from Shiloh as late as 585 B.C. ( Jeremiah 41:5 ), indicating some occupation at that time. See [[Joshua]]; Eli; [[Samuel]] . </p> <p> Larry McGraw </p>
| | <p> '''Bibliography Information''' McClintock, John. Strong, James. Entry for 'Shiloh (2)'. Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and [[Ecclesiastical]] Literature. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/tce/s/shiloh-2.html. [[Harper]] & Brothers. New York. 1870. </p> |
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| == Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary <ref name="term_48752" /> ==
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| <p> One of the names of the Messiah, given by the dying patriarch Jacob under the spirit of prophecy, and to which both Jew and [[Gentile]] agree; though in the application of the name to the person of Christ they differ. ( Genesis 49:10) It is worthy remark, however, that unless it be applied to the Lord Jesus Christ, it can be applied to no other. The dying patriarch said that the sceptre should not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until the Shiloh come. Now the lawgiver is departed, and the sceptre also; for they have no law, nor king, nor governor. But both they boasted of unto the coming of Christ. We have a law, said they to Pilate, when they demanded the death of Christ. ( John 19:7) But now Christ was come, however unconscious of it, they said, "We have no king but Cæsar." ( John 19:15) </p> <p> I cannot dismiss this article without first observing that Shiloh is rendered the more remarkable, because as the name of the Messiah, nor indeed as any other name of a person, we no where meet with it but in this place. ( Genesis 49:10) And I beg yet farther to observe that it merits our attention the more, because it is the third blessed promise [[Jehovah]] gave, in his holy word, in the covenant of grace concerning redemption. The first was all gospel, and all of Christ: ( Genesis 3:15) "The seed of the woman shall bruise the serpent's head."The second was all gospel, and all of Christ: and this was given to Abraham, ( Genesis 22:18) "In thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed." And God the [[Holy]] Ghost, by his servant Paul, directly applies this to Christ, Galatians 3:16. And the third was this blessed promise of Shiloh, which comprehends in its bosom the former two, and confirms and explains them. They both promised Christ. This saith when and how to be known. Do you enquire then, Is Shiloh come? I answer; Is the sceptre departed from Judah, and the lawgiver from between his feet? Then is Shiloh come. [[Precious]] Lord Jesus, I would say, Art thou come indeed, to my heart, to my house, to my family? Lord, when shall the full gathering of thy people be? Haste, haste, my Beloved, and arise out of Zion, "to turn away ungodliness from Jacob; Be thou as a roe, or a young hart, upon the mountains of spices!" (See Sceptre.) </p> <p> SHILOH. A city of Ephraim, ( Joshua 18:10) This place was rendered memorable in the history of Israel, ( Joshua 19:51; 1 Samuel 4:4; 1 Kings 14:2; Jeremiah 7:12, etc.) </p>
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| == People's Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_70831" /> ==
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| <p> [[Shiloh]] (''Shî'Loh'' ). 1. The word "Shiloh," as used in Genesis 49:10, has given rise to much discussion. Some consider it as referring to the town; others apply it to the Messiah. 2. A city of Ephraim, north of Bethel, and where the tabernacle was set up. Joshua 18:1. It was thus the sacred capital where solemn assemblies were held, Joshua 18:8-10; Joshua 19:51; Joshua 21:2; Joshua 22:12; not, however, to the entire exclusion of other places. Joshua 24:1; Joshua 24:25-26. Through the period of the judges' administration the tabernacle seems to have remained at Shiloh. Judges 18:31; Judges 21:12; Judges 21:19; Judges 21:21. It was there in the priesthood of Eli. Samuel was there called to be a prophet. 1 Samuel 1:3; 1 Samuel 1:9; 1 Samuel 1:24; 1 Samuel 2:14; 1 Samuel 3:21; 1 Samuel 4:3-4; 1 Samuel 4:12; 1 Kings 2:27. After the ark of God had been taken by the Philistines we do not find that it was ever restored to the tabernacle at Shiloh. It was sometimes with the army, 1 Samuel 14:18; but its resting-place was with [[Abinadab]] at Kirjath-jearim. 1 Samuel 7:1-2. And then we hear little more of Shiloh; the tabernacle itself was removed, 2 Chronicles 1:3; and Jerusalem became ultimately the city which the Lord chose, to place his name there. </p>
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| == Bridgeway Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_19060" /> ==
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| <p> One of the main routes from Egypt to northern Palestine was the road that passed along the top of the central hill country through the towns of Beersheba, Hebron, Jerusalem, Bethel, Shiloh and Shechem ( Judges 21:19). (For map see [[Palestine]] .) Shiloh’s convenient location on this road may have been one reason why it was Israel’s central place of worship for most of the period of the judges. There that the nation’s leaders set up the tabernacle and the people held religious festivals ( Joshua 18:1; Joshua 18:8-10; Joshua 19:51; Joshua 22:9; Joshua 22:12; Judges 18:31; Judges 21:19-21; 1 Samuel 1:3; 1 Samuel 1:9; 1 Samuel 3:21; 1 Samuel 4:3). </p> <p> Some time later, because of the sins of the people, God allowed invaders to destroy Shiloh ( Psalms 78:60; Jeremiah 7:12-14). This may have occurred during the period of [[Philistine]] oppression that led to the establishment of Israel’s monarchy ( 1 Samuel 4:2; 1 Samuel 8:20). In the early days of the monarchy the tabernacle was set up at Nob, a town close to Jerusalem ( 1 Samuel 21:1-6; 1 Samuel 22:18-19). Later, Shiloh was partly rebuilt, but never again was the tabernacle set up there ( 1 Kings 14:4). </p>
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| == Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_81509" /> ==
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| <p> Genesis 49:10 . The Hebrew text is, "until Shiloh come." All [[Christian]] commentators agree, that this word ought to be understood of the Messiah, that is, of Jesus Christ. The LXX read it, "Until the coming of him to whom it is reserved." It must be owned that the signification of the Hebrew word Shiloh is not well known. Some translate the clause, "The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, till he comes to whom it belongs;" others, "till the coming of the peacemaker, or the pacific, or prosperity;" and some, "The sceptre shall not depart from Judah till its end, its ruin," till the downfall of the kingdom of the Jews. However, this much is clear, that the ancient [[Jews]] are in this matter agreed with the Christians, in acknowledging that the word stands for Messiah, the King. It is thus that the paraphrasts, Onkelos and Jonathan, and the ancient Hebrew commentaries upon Genesis, and the [[Talmudists]] explain it. If Jesus Christ and his [[Apostles]] did not make use of this passage to prove the coming of the Messiah, it was because then the completion of this prophecy was not sufficiently manifest. The sceptre still continued among the Jews; they had still kings of their own nation, in the persons of the Herods; but soon after the sceptre was entirely taken away from them, and a people began to be gathered to Christ, out of the Gentile nations. </p> <p> <strong> 2. </strong> SHILOH, a celebrated city of the tribe of Ephraim, twelve miles from Shechem, Joshua 18, 19, 21. It was in this place that the tabernacle of the Lord was set up, when the people were settled in the country. The ark and the tabernacle of the Lord continued at Shiloh from A.M. 2560 till 2888, when it was taken by the Philistines, under the administration of the high priest Eli. 1 Samuel 4. Here the [[Prophet]] Ahijah dwelt, 1 Kings 14:2 . </p>
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| == American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_17264" /> ==
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| <p> 1. This term is used, Genesis 49:10 , to denote the Messiah, the coming of whom Jacob foretells in these words: "The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be;" that is, until the time of Christ, Judah's self-governments as a tribe should not ceases. It must be admitted, however, that the literal signification of the word is not well ascertained. Some translate, "The scepter shall not depart from Judah till he comes to whom it belongs." Others, with more probability, till the coming of the Peacemaker, or of the One desired. </p> <p> 2. A famous city of Ephraim, about ten miles south of Shechem, and twenty-four north of Jerusalem. Here Joshua assembled the people to make the second distribution of the Land of Promise; and her the tabernacle of the Lord was set up, when they were settled in the country, Joshua 18:1; 19:51 . The ark and the tabernacle continued at Shiloh, from B. C. 1444 to B. C. 1116, when it was taken by the Philistines, under the administration of the high priest Eli. In honor of the presence of the ark, there was "a feast of the Lord in Shiloh yearly;" and at one of these festivals the daughters of Shiloh were seized by a remnant of the Benjamites, Judges 21:19-23 . At Shiloh Samuel began to prophesy, 1 Samuel 4:1 , and here the prophet Ahijah dwelt, 1 Kings 14:2 . </p>
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| == Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_33616" /> ==
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| Genesis 49:10 Isaiah 9:6 <p> Shiloh, a place of rest, a city of Ephraim, "on the north side of Bethel," from which it is distant 10 miles ( Judges 21:19 ); the modern Seilun (the Arabic for Shiloh), a "mass of shapeless ruins." Here the tabernacle was set up after the Conquest ( Joshua 18:1-10 ), where it remained during all the period of the judges till the ark fell into the hands of the Philistines. "No spot in Central Palestine could be more secluded than this early sanctuary, nothing more featureless than the landscape around; so featureless, indeed, the landscape and so secluded the spot that from the time of St. [[Jerome]] till its re-discovery by Dr. Robinson in 1838 the very site was forgotten and unknown." It is referred to by ( Jeremiah 7:12,14; 26:4-9 ) five hundred years after its destruction. </p>
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| == Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types <ref name="term_198331" /> ==
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| <p> Genesis 49:10 (a) This name is given to the Lord [[Jesus]] CHRIST. The word means "the peacemaker." </p> <p> Joshua 18:1 (c) The word means "sent." It may be used as a type of the plan and purposes of GOD for it was at Shiloh that many of GOD's plans were revealed to His people. (See Judges 21:19,1Sa 1:24,1Ki 2:27,1Ki 14:2, Jeremiah 7:12). </p>
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| == Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_68778" /> ==
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| <p> Title of the Messiah as 'Prince of Peace.' Genesis 49:10; cf. Isaiah 9:6 . See SCEPTRE. </p>
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| == Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_174139" /> ==
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| <p> (n.) A word used by Jacob on his deathbed, and interpreted variously, as "the Messiah," or as the city "Shiloh," or as "Rest." </p>
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| == Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_16676" /> ==
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| <p> Shiloh, 1 </p> <p> Shi´loh, the epithet applied, in the prophetic benediction of Jacob on his death-bed , to the personage to whom 'the gathering of the nations should be,' and which has ever been regarded by [[Christians]] and by the ancient Jews as a denomination of the Messiah. The oracle occurs in the blessing of Judah, and is thus worded—'The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come: and unto him the gathering of the people shall be.' The term itself, as well as the whole passage to which it belongs, has ever been a fruitful theme of controversy between Jews and Christians, the former, although they admit for the most part the Messianic reference of the text, being still fertile in expedients to evade the Christian argument founded upon it. Neither our limits nor our object will permit us to enter largely into the theological bearings of this prediction; but it is perhaps scarcely possible to do justice to the discussion as a question of pure philology, without at the same time displaying the strength of the Christian interpretation, and trenching upon the province occupied by the proofs of Jesus of [[Nazareth]] being the Messiah of the Old [[Testament]] prophecies. </p> <p> Various etymologies have been assigned to the term. Some very eminent commentators trace it to the root to rest, to be at peace, and make it equivalent to Pacificator, Tranquillizer, or Great Author of Peace. This is a sense accordant with the anticipated and realized character of the Messiah, one of whose crowning denominations is 'Prince of Peace.' Another opinion is, that it is derived from a word which signifies to ask, seek, require, and that its import is the asked, the desired, a designation which is, equally with the former, in accordance with the character of the predicted Messiah, and is free from some philological objections to which the other derivation is liable. </p> <p> Shiloh, 2 </p> <p> Shiloh, a city in the tribe of Ephraim, situated among the hills to the north of Bethel, eastward of the great northern road, where the tabernacle and ark remained for a long time, from the days of Joshua, during the ministry of all the judges, down to the end of Eli's life . To this circumstance Shiloh owed all its importance; for after the loss of the ark—which never returned thither after it had been restored to Israel by the Philistines—it sunk into insignificance. It was, indeed, the residence of Ahijah the prophet (;; ), but it is more than once mentioned as accursed and forsaken . The last mention of it in [[Scripture]] is in , which only shows that it survived the exile. Dr. Robinson identifies it with a place named Seilun, a city surrounded by hills, with an opening by a narrow valley into a plain on the south. The ruins consist chiefly of an old tower with walls four feet thick, and of large stones and fragments of columns indicative of an ancient site (Robinson's Palestine, iii. 85-89). </p>
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| == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_60399" /> == | |
| <p> '''Bibliography Information''' McClintock, John. Strong, James. Entry for 'Shiloh'. Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and [[Ecclesiastical]] Literature. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/tce/s/shiloh.html. [[Harper]] & Brothers. New York. 1870. </p> | |
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| == The Nuttall Encyclopedia <ref name="term_79805" /> ==
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| <p> A village 20 m. N. of Jerusalem, sacred as the site of the resting-place of the Tabernacle on the settlement of the Jews in the land of promise. Is a name also of the Messiah. </p>
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| ==References == | | ==References == |
| <references> | | <references> |
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| <ref name="term_53941"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/shiloh Shiloh from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref> | | <ref name="term_37374"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/shiloh+(2) Shiloh from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref> |
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| <ref name="term_74908"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/shiloh Shiloh from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_43890"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/shiloh Shiloh from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_48752"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hawker-s-poor-man-s-concordance-and-dictionary/shiloh Shiloh from Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_70831"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/people-s-dictionary-of-the-bible/shiloh Shiloh from People's Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_19060"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/bridgeway-bible-dictionary/shiloh Shiloh from Bridgeway Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_81509"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/watson-s-biblical-theological-dictionary/shiloh Shiloh from Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_17264"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/shiloh Shiloh from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_33616"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/shiloh Shiloh from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_198331"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/wilson-s-dictionary-of-bible-types/shiloh Shiloh from Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_68778"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/shiloh Shiloh from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_174139"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/webster-s-dictionary/shiloh Shiloh from Webster's Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_16676"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/kitto-s-popular-cyclopedia-of-biblial-literature/shiloh Shiloh from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_60399"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/shiloh Shiloh from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> | | <ref name="term_8203"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/shiloh+(2) Shiloh from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> |
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| <ref name="term_79805"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/the-nuttall-encyclopedia/shiloh Shiloh from The Nuttall Encyclopedia]</ref> | | <ref name="term_60404"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/shiloh+(2) Shiloh from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> |
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| </references> | | </references> |
Fausset's Bible Dictionary [1]
From Shaalah "to rest." The place at which Israel attained its state of rest, and where the Lord rested among them ( Psalms 132:14). Judges ( Judges 21:19) describes its position as "on the N. side of Bethel (Beitin), on the E. side of the highway that goeth up from Bethel to Shechem ( Nablus ), and on the S. of Lebonah." Now Seilun . The ark, which had been at Gilgal during the conquest of Canaan, was removed on the completion of the conquest to Shiloh where it remained from Joshua's closing days to Samuel's ( Joshua 18:1-10; Judges 18:31; 1 Samuel 4:3). Here Joshua divided by lot the part of the western Jordan land not yet allotted ( Joshua 19:51). Shiloh fell within Ephraim ( Joshua 16:5-6). The animal feast of Jehovah when the daughters of Shiloh went forth in dances gave Benjamin, when threatened with extinction, the opportunity of carrying off wives ( Judges 21:19-23). At a distance of 15 minutes' walk is a fountain reached through a narrow dale; it flows first into a well, thence into a reservoir, from which herds and flocks are watered.
Here the daughters of Shiloh would resort, the spectators could see their dances from the amphitheater of surrounding hills. Terraces are traceable at the sides of the rocky hills, once covered with verdure and productiveness. Though the scenery is not striking the seclusion was favorable to worship and religious study. In the rockhewn sepulchres may have been laid the remains of some of Eli's house. Here Eli judged Israel and died of grief at the capture of the ark by the Philistines. Here Hannah prayed and Samuel was reared in the tabernacle and called to the prophetic office (1 Samuel 1; 2; 3). The sin of Hophni and Phinehas caused the loss of the ark and God's forsaking of His tabernacle at Shiloh (Called In Spiritual Sense "The House Of God," Though Not Of Stone: Judges 18:31 ; 2 Samuel 7:6 ; 1 Kings 3:2 ) , so that this became a warning beacon of God's wrath against those who sin in the face of high spiritual privileges ( Jeremiah 7:12; Psalms 78:60-61).
Ahijah the prophet was here consulted by the messengers of Jeroboam's wife ( 1 Kings 11:29; 1 Kings 12:15; 1 Kings 14:1-2). From Shiloh came the half pagan men, with offerings for the Lord's house, who had cut themselves, and whom Ishmael slew ( Jeremiah 41:5). A tell or hill, surrounded by higher hills, rises from an uneven plain, with a valley on the south side. On the hill the tabernacle would be conspicuous from all sides. On the summit of the hill are the remains of what was once a Jewish synagogue, subsequently used as a mosque.
On the lintel over the doorway, between two wreaths of flowers, is carved a vessel shaped like a Roman Amphora , so closely resembling the "pot of Manna ," as found on coins and in the ruins of the synagogue at Capernaum, that it doubtless formed part of the original building. There is a curious excavation in the rock which may have been the actual spot where the ark rested; for its guardians would select a place sheltered from the bleak winds of the highlands. The position of the sanctuary was central for the Israelites W. of Jordan. Major Wilson says northwards the tell at Seilun slopes down to a broad shoulder, across which a level court has been cut, 77 by 412 ft.; the rock is scarped to the height of five feet, evidently the site of the tabernacle. The mosque's title, the mosque of the Eternal, points to its original occupation by Jehovah's sanctuary.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [2]
(The most usual form is שׁלה , shı̄lōh , but it appears 8 times as שׁלו , shı̄lō , and 3 times as שׁילו , Shı̄low ; Σηλώ , Sēlṓ , Σηλώμ , Sēlṓm ): A town in the lot of Ephraim where Israel assembled under Joshua at the close of the war of conquest ( Joshua 18:1 ). Here territory was allotted to the seven tribes who had not yet received their portions. A commission was sent out to "describe the land into seven portions"; this having been done, the inheritances were assigned by lot. Here also were assigned to the Levites their cities in the territories of the various tribes (Joshua 18 through 21). From Shiloh Reuben and Gad departed for their homes East of the Jordan; and here the tribes gathered for war against these two, having misunderstood their building of the great altar in the Jordan valley (Joshua 22). From Judges 18:31 we learn that in the period of the Judges the house of God was in Shiloh; but when the sanctuary was moved thither from Gilgal there is no indication. The maids of Shiloh were captured by the Benjamites on the occasion of a feast, while dancing in the vineyards; this having been planned by the other tribes to provide the Benjamites with wives without involving themselves in responsibility ( Judges 21:21 ff). While the house of the Lord remained here it was a place of pilgrimage ( 1 Samuel 1:3 ). To Shiloh Samuel was brought and consecrated to God's service ( 1 Samuel 1:24 ). The sanctuary was presided over by Eli and his wicked sons; and through Samuel the doom of their house was announced. The capture of the ark by the Philistines, the fall of Hophni and Phinehas, and the death of the aged priest and his daughter-in-law followed with startling rapidity (1 Sam 3; 4). The sanctuary in Shiloh is called a "temple" ( 1 Samuel 1:9; 1 Samuel 3:3 ) with doorpost and doors ( 1 Samuel 1:9; 1 Samuel 3:15 ). It was therefore a more durable structure than the old tent. See Tabernacle; Temple . It would appear to have been destroyed, probably by the Philistines; and we find the priests of Eli's house at Nob, where they were massacred at Saul's order ( 1 Samuel 22:11 ff). The disaster that befell Shiloh, while we have no record of its actual occurrence, made a deep impression on the popular mind, so that the prophets could use it as an effective illustration ( Psalm 78:60; Jeremiah 7:12 :14; Jeremiah 26:6 ). Here the blind old prophet Ahijah was appealed to in vain by Jeroboam's wife on behalf of her son ( 1 Kings 14:2 , 1 Kings 14:4 ), and it was still occupied in Jeremiah's time ( Jeremiah 41:5 ).
The position of Shiloh is indicated in Judges 21:19 , as "on the north of Beth-el, on the east side of the highway that goeth up from Beth-el to Shechem, and on the south of Lebonah." This is very explicit, and points definitely to Seilūn , a ruined site on a hill at the Northeast of a little plain, about 9 miles North of Beitı̄n (Bethel), and 3 miles Southeast of Khān el - Lubbān (Lebonah), to the East of the highway to Shechem ( Nāblus ). The path to Seilun leaves the main road at Sinjil , going eastward to Turmus ‛Aya , then northward across the plain. A deep valley runs to the North of the site, cutting it off from the adjoining hills, in the sides of which are rock-hewn tombs. A good spring rises higher up the valley. There are now no vineyards in the district; but indications of their ancient culture are found in the terraced slopes around.
The ruins on the hill are of comparatively modern buildings. At the foot of the hill is a mosque which is going quickly to ruin. A little distance to the Southeast is a building which seems to have been a synagogue. It is called by the natives Jami' el - ‛Arba'in , "mosque of the Forty." There are many cisterns.
Just over the crest of the hill to the North, on a terrace, there is cut in the rock a rough quadrangle 400 ft. by 80 ft. in dimensions. This may have been the site of "the house of the Lord" which was in Shiloh.
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature [3]
Bibliography Information McClintock, John. Strong, James. Entry for 'Shiloh (2)'. Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/tce/s/shiloh-2.html. Harper & Brothers. New York. 1870.
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