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| == Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_37586" /> ==
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| <p> argaman , the purple juice of the [[Tyrian]] shell fish, Μurex trunculus . (See [[Purple;]] [[Tyre.)]] Shani tolaath , an insect color from the cocci or semiglobular bodies as large as a split pea, black but dusted with a grey white powder, on evergreen oaks and other trees. The insect is of the order Ηomoptera , the females have a mouth able to pierce and suck plants. The Arabs call them kermes , from whence come our "caroline" and "crimson". The full grown larva has the dye in greatest abundance. They yield their dye by infusion in water. The dye is fixed by a mordant, anciently alum, now solution of tin. </p> <p> The double dipping is implied in ''shunt'' , differently pointed in Hebrew: Isaiah 1:18, "though your sins be as scarlet ''(double dyed, deeply fixed so that no tears can wash them away; blood-colored in hue, i.e. of deepest guilt, '' Isaiah 1:15''; the color of Jesus' robe when bearing them, '' Matthew 27:28'')'' they shall be as white as snow" ( Psalms 51:7) (See [[Atonement,]] [[Day]] [[Of.)]] Rahab's scarlet thread was the type ( Joshua 2:18). [[Scarlet]] was also used in cleansing the leper ( Leviticus 14:4). The [[Mishna]] says a band of twice dyed scarlet wool tied together the living bird, the hyssop, and the cedar, when dipped into the blood and water. Kurtz makes the scarlet wool symbolize vital health; but Isaiah 1:18 gives a contrary sense. [[A]] glaring, gorgeous color ( Nahum 2:3); that of the spiritual whore or corrupt church, conformed to that of the beast or God-opposed world power on which she rides (Revelation 17; 18). </p> | | Scarlet <ref name="term_57450" /> |
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| | <p> <b> [[ Scarlet.]] </ b> — < b> 1. </b> Scarlet, as a dye, was obtained from the body of the female < i> kermes </ i> insect ( < i> Lecanium ilicis </ i> ), a native of [[S. E. ]] Europe, where it lives upon a species of dwarf oak ( < i> Qucrcus coccifera </ i> ) . The insect is of the family Coccidae, to which also the cochineal of [[ Mexico]] belongs. Its Latin name ( derived from its appearance) was < i> grana < /i> ; hence the dye was called ‘grain’ (cf. Milton, <i> Penser </ i> . 33, < i> Par. Lost </ i> , xi. 242; Spenser, < i> [[ Fq]] </ i> i. vii. [[ I;]] see Skeat, <i> Etym. Dict. s. v </ i> .). </p> <p> < b> 2. </ b> The <i> colour </i> is correctly represented by its name. Matthew 27: 28 is the only passage in the [[ Gospels]] where the word ‘scarlet’ (κόκκινος ) occurs, and it is there a substitute for the ‘purple’ of || Mark 15:17; Mark 15: 20, John 19:2; John 19: 5, It is the latter word that has changed its meaning (see art. Purple ). </p> <p> ‘The Gr. sense of colour seems to have been so comparatively dim and uncertain, that it is almost impossible to ascertain what the real idea was which they attached to any word alluding to hue’ (Ruskin, < i> Mod. Painters </ i> , iii. 225. Cf. also Gladstone, < i> Juv. Mundi </ i> , p. 540). </p> <p> Yet the ancients, as a rule, carefully distinguished scarlet from purple ( Becker, <i> Gallus </i> , p. 446). Probably Mt. gives the colour actually used, Mk. and Jn. the colour intended. </p> < p> < b> 3. </ b> The ‘scarlet robe’ was undoubtedly a military cloak, either that of a common soldier ( < i> sagum < /i> ) or that of a commanding officer ( < i> paludamentum < /i> ). The latter was longer and of better quality; both were regularly of scarlet (Ellicott, < i> Hist. Lectures </ i> , p. 348 n. [Note: note.] ). Westcott (on John 19: 2; John 19:5 ) emphasizes, in the crown and robe, the idea of victory as well as of royalty: ‘this blood-stained robe was the true dress of a kingly conqueror. … So He was through life the suffering King, the true Soldier. ’ </p> <p> [[ F.]] [[ S.]] Ranken. </p> |
| == Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_79230" /> ==
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| <div> '''1: κόκκινος ''' (Strong'S #2847 Adjective kokkinos kok'-kee-nos ) </div> <p> is derived from kokkos, used of the "berries" (clusters of the eggs of an insect) collected from the ilex coccifera; the color, however, is obtained from the cochineal insect, which attaches itself to the leaves and twigs of the coccifera oak; another species is raised on the leaves of the cactus ficus. The Arabic name for this insect is qirmiz, whence the word "crimson." It is used (a) of "scarlet" wool, Hebrews 9:19; cp., in connection with the cleansing of a leper, Leviticus 14:4,6 , "scarlet;" with the offering of the red heifer, Numbers 19:6; (b) of the robe put on Christ by the soldiers, Matthew 27:28; (c) of the "beast" seen in symbolic vision in Revelation 17:3 , "scarlet-colored;" (d) of the clothing of the "woman" as seen sitting on the "beast," Revelation 17:4; (e) of part of the merchandise of Babylon, Revelation 18:12; (f) figuratively, of the glory of the city itself, Revelation 18:16; the neuter is used in the last three instances. </p> | | == References == |
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| == Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types <ref name="term_198292" /> ==
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| <p> Genesis 38:30 (a) Since [[Pharez]] is found in the genealogy of [[Christ,]] this thread may indicate that [[Zarah]] would need the blood to redeem him. (See Matthew 1:3). </p> <p> Exodus 25:4 (c) It may be that this color all through the tabernacle equipment served to remind the [[Israelites]] that the blood was always essential in every part of life and service. </p> <p> Leviticus 14:4 (c) This probably is a picture of the value of the blood in every sacrifice for sin. Sins are put away only by and through the [[Blood]] of [[Jesus.]] </p> <p> Joshua 2:18 (c) This is usually taken to be a picture of the precious Blood of [[Christ.]] The woman was sheltered because of the red cord. The sinner is sheltered under the red Blood of the Saviour. </p> <p> Song of [[Solomon]] 4:3 (a) The smooth, pretty lips of the bride are compared to the scarlet line. It is a picture of the loveliness of the church (the bride) in the sight of the Bridegroom, her Lord. </p> <p> Isaiah 1:18 (a) It is used to describe the stain of sin in contrast with the white garments of salvation. </p> <p> Matthew 27:28 (c) It is a sign of royalty, though used here in mockery. </p> <p> Revelation 17:3 (b) It indicates the enormous sin and wickedness of this woman whose stain of sin covered her completely. The woman represents the apostate church. </p>
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| == Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_68445" /> ==
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| <p> The word most frequently translated 'scarlet' is <i> shani, </i> and this is often accompanied by the word <i> tolaath, </i> 'worm or grub,' apparently intimating that the colour was obtained from some insect, as it is now from the cochineal. Scarlet was much used in the needlework and hangings of the tabernacle, in conjunction with blue and purple; but there it apparently refers to some fabric of the colour of scarlet. If the purple be taken as symbolical of royalty and universal dominion, the scarlet may signify earthly grandeur and [[Israelitish]] royalty. Exodus 39:1-29; Joshua 2:18,21; 2 Samuel 1:24; Proverbs 31:21; Song of Solomon 4:3; Isaiah 1:18 . In the [[N.T.]] they clothed the Lord in a scarlet robe, κόκκινος, Matthew 27:28 (it is 'purple' in Mark and John: it may have been an old faded robe that could be called either). Scarlet is also employed with purple to point out the earthly grandeur of Papal Rome. Revelation 17:3,4; Revelation 18:12,16 . </p>
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| == American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_17250" /> ==
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| <p> [[A]] color much prized by the ancients, Exodus 25:4 26:1,31,36 . It is assigned as a merit of Saul, that he clothed the daughters of [[Israel]] in scarlet, 2 Samuel 1:24 . So the diligent and virtuous woman is said to clothe her household in scarlet, Proverbs 31:21 . The depth and strength of the color are alluded to in Isaiah 1:18; and it is used as a symbol of profligacy in Revelation 17:3,4 . This color was obtained from the Coccus Ilicis of Linnaeus, a small insect found on the leaves of a species of oak, the Quercus Cocciferus, in Spain and the countries on the eastern part of the Mediterranean, which was used by the ancients for dyeing a beautiful crimson or deep scarlet color, and was supposed by them to be the berry of a plant or tree. It is the Kermez of the Materia Medica. As a dye it has been superseded in modern times by the cochineal insect, Coccus Cactus, which gives a more brilliant but less durable color. See [[Purple]] . </p>
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| == Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_81468" /> ==
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| <p> תולעת , Genesis 38:28; Exodus 25:4 . This tincture or colour expressed by a word which signifies worm colour, was produced from a worm or insect which grew in a coccus, or excrescence of a shrub of the ilex kind, which Pliny calls "coccus scolecius," the wormy berry, and Dioscorides terms "a small dry twig, to which the grains adhere like lentiles:" but these grains, as a great author observes on Solinus, "are within full of little worms or maggots, whose juice is remarkable for dying scarlet, and making that famous colour which we admire, and with which the ancients were enraptured. We retain the name in the cochineal, from the opuntia of America; but we improperly call a mineral colour "vermilion," which is derived from <em> vermiculus, </em> a little worm. The shrub on which the cochineal insect is found is sometimes called the "kermez oak," from <em> kermez, </em> the Arabic word both for the worm and the colour; whence "carmasinus," the French "cramoisi." and the English "crimson." </p> | |
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| == Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_33631" /> ==
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| <p> This colour was early known ( Genesis 38:28 ). It was one of the colours of the ephod ( Exodus 28:6 ), the girdle (8), and the breastplate (15) of the high priest. It is also mentioned in various other connections ( Joshua 2:18; 2 Samuel 1:24; Lamentations 4:5; Nahum 2:3 ). [[A]] scarlet robe was in mockery placed on our Lord ( Matthew 27:28; Luke 23:11 ). "Sins as scarlet" ( Isaiah 1:18 ), i.e., as scarlet robes "glaring and habitual." Scarlet and crimson were the firmest of dyes, and thus not easily washed out. </p> | |
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| == Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_171114" /> ==
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| <p> '''(1):''' ''' (''' v. t.) To dye or tinge with scarlet. </p> <p> '''(2):''' ''' (''' a.) Of the color called scarlet; as, a scarlet cloth or thread. </p> <p> '''(3):''' ''' (''' n.) Cloth of a scarlet color. </p> <p> '''(4):''' ''' (''' n.) [[A]] deep bright red tinged with orange or yellow, - of many tints and shades; a vivid or bright red color. </p> | |
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| == Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_43615" /> ==
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| Daniel 5:7 5:16 5:29[[Clothing Cloth]][[Colors]][[Crimson]][[Dyeing]] | |
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| == King James Dictionary <ref name="term_62756" /> ==
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| <p> [[Sc'Arlet,]] n. </p> 1. [[A]] beautiful bright red color, brighter than crimson. 2. Cloth of a scarlet color. <p> All her household are clothed with scarlet. Proverbs 31 . </p> <p> [[Sc'Arlet,]] a. of the color called scarlet of a bright red color as a scarlet cloth or thread a scarlet lip. </p>
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| == People's Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_70788" /> ==
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| <p> '''Scarlet.''' Genesis 38:28. The [[Hebrew]] word ''tolah'' signifies ''a worm, i.e.,'' the ''coccus worm,'' from which the color was made. </p>
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| == Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_74701" /> ==
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| <p> '''Scarlet.''' ''See '' [[Colors]] ''.'' </p> | |
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| == Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_53934" /> ==
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| <p> <strong> [[Scarlet]] </strong> . See Colours, [[§]] <strong> 4 </strong> . </p>
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| == Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_57451" /> ==
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| <p> See Colours. </p>
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| == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_59310" /> ==
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| <p> '''Bibliography Information''' McClintock, John. Strong, James. Entry for 'Scarlet'. Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and [[Ecclesiastical]] Literature. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/tce/s/scarlet.html. [[Harper]] & Brothers. New York. 1870. </p>
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| == Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_16711" /> ==
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| <p> Scarlet [[[Purple]]] </p>
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| ==References == | |
| <references> | | <references> |
| | | <ref name="term_57450"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/scarlet+(2) Scarlet from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref> |
| <ref name="term_37586"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/scarlet Scarlet from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |
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| <ref name="term_79230"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/vine-s-expository-dictionary-of-nt-words/scarlet Scarlet from Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_198292"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/wilson-s-dictionary-of-bible-types/scarlet Scarlet from Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_68445"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/scarlet Scarlet from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_17250"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/scarlet Scarlet from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_81468"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/watson-s-biblical-theological-dictionary/scarlet Scarlet from Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_33631"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/scarlet Scarlet from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_171114"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/webster-s-dictionary/scarlet Scarlet from Webster's Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_43615"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/scarlet Scarlet from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_62756"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/king-james-dictionary/scarlet Scarlet from King James Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_70788"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/people-s-dictionary-of-the-bible/scarlet Scarlet from People's Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_74701"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/scarlet Scarlet from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_53934"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/scarlet Scarlet from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_57451"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/scarlet Scarlet from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_59310"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/scarlet Scarlet from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_16711"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/kitto-s-popular-cyclopedia-of-biblial-literature/scarlet Scarlet from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature]</ref>
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| </references> | | </references> |
Scarlet [1]
Scarlet. — 1. Scarlet, as a dye, was obtained from the body of the female kermes insect ( Lecanium ilicis ), a native of S.E. Europe, where it lives upon a species of dwarf oak ( Qucrcus coccifera ). The insect is of the family Coccidae, to which also the cochineal of Mexico belongs. Its Latin name (derived from its appearance) was grana ; hence the dye was called ‘grain’ (cf. Milton, Penser . 33, Par. Lost , xi. 242; Spenser, Fq i. vii. I; see Skeat, Etym. Dict. s.v .).
2. The colour is correctly represented by its name. Matthew 27:28 is the only passage in the Gospels where the word ‘scarlet’ (κόκκινος) occurs, and it is there a substitute for the ‘purple’ of || Mark 15:17; Mark 15:20, John 19:2; John 19:5, It is the latter word that has changed its meaning (see art. Purple).
‘The Gr. sense of colour seems to have been so comparatively dim and uncertain, that it is almost impossible to ascertain what the real idea was which they attached to any word alluding to hue’ (Ruskin, Mod. Painters , iii. 225. Cf. also Gladstone, Juv. Mundi , p. 540).
Yet the ancients, as a rule, carefully distinguished scarlet from purple (Becker, Gallus , p. 446). Probably Mt. gives the colour actually used, Mk. and Jn. the colour intended.
3. The ‘scarlet robe’ was undoubtedly a military cloak, either that of a common soldier ( sagum ) or that of a commanding officer ( paludamentum ). The latter was longer and of better quality; both were regularly of scarlet (Ellicott, Hist. Lectures , p. 348 n. [Note: note.] ). Westcott (on John 19:2; John 19:5) emphasizes, in the crown and robe, the idea of victory as well as of royalty: ‘this blood-stained robe was the true dress of a kingly conqueror.… So He was through life the suffering King, the true Soldier.’
F. S. Ranken.
References
