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| == Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_32575" /> ==
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| Mark 6:14-29
| | Machaerus <ref name="term_49448" /> |
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| | <p> '''Bibliography Information''' McClintock, John. Strong, James. Entry for 'Machaerus (2)'. Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and [[Ecclesiastical]] Literature. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/tce/m/machaerus-2.html. [[Harper]] & Brothers. New York. 1870. </p> |
| == Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_42193" /> ==
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| Mark 1:5Matthew 3:1John 3:22-23Mark 6:29
| | == References == |
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| == Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_52564" /> ==
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| <p> <strong> MACHÆRUS. </strong> A place E. of the [[Dead]] Sea, fortified by [[Alexander]] Jannæus, and greatly enlarged and strengthened by [[Herod]] the [[Great]] (Jos. [Note: Josephus.] <em> BJ </em> VII. vi. 1). According to Josephus, the daughter of [[Aretas]] retired to this place when she left the higamous Antipas. He describes it as ‘in the borders of the dominions of Aretas and Herod,’ and then ‘subject to her father’ ( <em> [[Ant]] </em> . XVIII. v. 1). He goes on to say that here John was imprisoned and beheaded ( Matthew 14:10 ff. etc.). If it was then subject to Aretas, this is at least curious. The fortress was one of the last taken by the Romans in the war of independence ( <em> BJ </em> II. xviii. 6, 7. 6.). It is identified with the ruin of <em> Mukâwer </em> , on the height about half-way between <em> Wâdy Zerka Ma‘în </em> and <em> Wâdy el-Môjib </em> . </p> <p> W. Ewing. </p> | |
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| == Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_56513" /> ==
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| <p> <b> MACHAERUS. </b> —A fortress on the east of the [[Dead]] Sea, in which, according to [[Josephus]] ( <i> Ant. </i> xviii. v. 2), John the [[Baptist]] was imprisoned and put to death by [[Herod]] [[Antipas]] (Matthew 14:3-12, Mark 6:17-29, Luke 3:19). It had been originally fortified by [[Alexander]] [[Jannaeus]] (Josephus <i> BJ </i> vii. vi. 2), and afterwards destroyed by [[Gabinius]] ( <i> ib. </i> i. viii. 5; <i> Ant. </i> xiv. v. 4). It was restored by Herod the Great, who used it as a residence ( <i> BJ </i> vii. vi. 1, 2.). On his death it passed into the hands of Antipas, as it lay in the Peraean portion of his tetrarchy. At the time of the [[Jewish]] revolt it was occupied by a [[Roman]] garrison, which was constrained to abandon it in a.d. 66 ( <i> ib. </i> ii. xviii. 6). After the fall of [[Jerusalem]] it was recaptured, and finally destroyed by the Roman general Lucilius [[Bassus]] ( <i> ib. </i> vii. vi. 4). The ruins, called <i> Mkawr </i> , on a projecting height near the Dead [[Sea]] on its eastern side, are supposed to mark the site of the fortress. </p> <p> Literature.—Hasting's Dictionary of the Bible, art. ‘Machaerus,’ and the Lit. there cited; to wh. add <i> PRE </i> [Note: RE Real-Encyklopädie fur protest. Theologic und Kirche.] 3 [Note: designates the particular edition of the work referred] ix. 326 f. </p> <p> James Patrick. </p>
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| == International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_6029" /> ==
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| <p> ''''' ma ''''' - ''''' kē´rus ''''' ( Μαχαιροῦς , <i> ''''' Machairoús ''''' </i> ): Not mentioned in Scripture, canonical or apocryphal, but its importance in [[Jewish]] history justifies its inclusion here. Pliny ( <i> Nh </i> , Acts 20:16 , 72) speaks of it as, after Jerusalem, the strongest of Jewish fortresses. It was fortified by [[Alexander]] Janneus ( <i> BJ </i> , VII, vi, 2). It was taken and destroyed by [[Gabinius]] (ibid., I, viii, 5; <i> Ant. </i> , Xiv , v, 4). [[Herod]] the [[Great]] restored it and, building a city here, made it one of his residences ( <i> BJ </i> , VII, vi, 1, 2). It lay within the tetrarchy assigned to [[Antipas]] at the death of Herod. The wife of Antipas, daughter of Aretas, privately aware of his infidelity, asked to be sent hither ( <i> Ant. </i> , Xviii , v, 1). Here [[Josephus]] has fallen into confusion if he meant by the phrase "a place in the borders of the dominions of [[Aretas]] and Herod" that it was still in Herod's hands, since immediately he tells us that it was "subject to her father." It was natural enough, however, that a border fortress should be held now by one and now by the other. It may have passed to Aretas by some agreement of which we have no record; and Herod, unaware that his wife knew of his guilt, would have no suspicion of her design in wishing to visit her father. If this is true, then the [[Baptist]] could not have been imprisoned and beheaded at Macherus (ibid., 2). The feast given to the lords of [[Galilee]] would most probably be held at Tiberias; and there is nothing in the [[Gospel]] story to hint that the prisoner was some days' journey distant (Mark 6:14 ff). The citadel was held by a [[Roman]] garrison until 66 AD, which then evacuated it to escape a siege ( <i> BJ </i> , II, xviii, 6). [[Later]] by means of a stratagem it was recovered for the Romans by Bassus, circa 72 [[Ad]] ( <i> BJ </i> , VII, vi, 4). </p> <p> The place is identified with the modern <i> ''''' Mkaur ''''' </i> , a position of great strength on a prominent height between <i> ''''' Wādy ''''' </i> <i> ''''' Zerḳā ''''' </i> <i> ''''' Ma‛ı̄n ''''' </i> and <i> ''''' Wādy ''''' </i> <i> ''''' el ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' Mōjib ''''' </i> , overlooking the [[Dead]] Sea. There are extensive ruins. </p>
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| == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_49453" /> ==
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| <p> (Μαχαιρούς ), a strong fortress of Peraea, first mentioned by [[Josephus]] in connection with Alexander, the son of [[Hyrcanus]] I, by whom it was built (Ant. 12:16, 3; War, 7:6, 2). It was delivered by his widow to her son Aristobulus, who first fortified it against [[Gabinius]] (Ant. 14:5, 2), to whom it afterwards surrendered, and by whom it was dismantled (ib. 4; compare Strabo, 16:762). Aristobulus, on his escape from Rome, again attempted to fortify it, but it was taken after two days' siege (War, 7:6). In his account of this last capture by Bassus, Josephus gives a detailed description of the place. It was originally a tower built by [[Alexander]] [[Jannaeus]] as a check to the [[Arab]] marauders. It was on a lofty point, surrounded by deep valleys, and of immense strength, both by nature and art (compare Pliny, Hist. Nat. v. 15). After the fall of [[Jerusalem]] it was occupied by the [[Jewish]] banditti. The [[Jews]] say that it was visible from Jerusalem (Schwarz, Palestine, p. 54). Its site was identified in 1806 by Seetzen with the extensive ruins now called Ilikrauer, on a rocky spur jutting out from Jebel Attarus towards the north, and overhanging the valley of Zerka Main (Reise, 1:330-4). Josephus expressly states that it was the place of John the Baptist's beheading (Ant. 18:5, 2), although he had said immediately before (ib. 2) that it was at the time in the possession of Aretas. See JOHN THE BAPTIST. </p>
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| ==References == | |
| <references> | | <references> |
| | | <ref name="term_49448"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/machaerus+(2) Machaerus from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> |
| <ref name="term_32575"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/machaerus Machaerus from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |
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| <ref name="term_42193"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/machaerus Machaerus from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_52564"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/machaerus Machaerus from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_56513"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/machaerus Machaerus from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_6029"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/machaerus Machaerus from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_49453"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/machaerus Machaerus from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref>
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| </references> | | </references> |
