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| == Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_80851" /> == | | == Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_35723" /> == |
| <p> ορνις , 2 [[Esdras]] 50:30; Matthew 23:37; Luke 13:34 . In these last two passages our [[Saviour]] exclaims, "O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not!" The metaphor here used is a very beautiful one. When the hen sees a bird of prey coming, she makes a noise to assemble her chickens, that she may cover them with her wings from the danger. The Roman eagle was about to fall upon the [[Jewish]] state; our Lord invited them to himself in order to guard them from threatened calamities: they disregarded his invitations and warnings, and fell a prey to their adversaries. The affection of a hen to her brood is so strong as to have become proverbial. There is a beautiful Greek epigram in the Anthologia, which affords a very fine illustration of the affection of this bird in another view. It has been thus translated:— </p> <p> <strong> <em> "Beneath her fostering wing the hen defends Her darling offspring, while the snow descends; And through the winter's day unmoved defies The chilling fleeces and inclement skies; </em> </strong> </p> <p> <strong> <em> Till vanquish'd by the cold and piercing blast, True to her charge she perishes at last." </em> </strong> </p> <p> Plutarch, in his book <em> De Philostorgia, </em> represents this parental attachment and care in a very pleasing manner: "Do we not daily observe with what care the hen protects her chickens; giving some shelter under her wings, supporting others upon her back, calling them around her, and picking out their food; and if any animal approaches that terrifies them, driving it away with a courage and strength truly wonderful? </p> | | <p> Matthew 23:37; Luke 13:34. As "the eagle stirring up her nest, fluttering over her young, spreading abroad her wings, taking, bearing them on her wings," represents the Old [[Testament]] aspect of [[Jehovah]] in relation to [[Israel]] under the law ( Deuteronomy 32:11), so the "hen," Christ the lowly loving Son of God gathering God's children under His overshadowing wing, in the gospel ( Ruth 2:12; Psalms 17:8; Psalms 91:4). (See [[Eagle]] .) So Jehovah "passed over", or sprang forward to overshadow Israel from the destroying angel ( Exodus 12:13). (See [[Passover]] ; EXODUS.) </p> |
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| == Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types <ref name="term_197924" /> == | | == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_43758" /> == |
| <p> Matthew 23:37 (a) This is a type of the tender care and protection which the Lord [[ Jesus]] offered Israel. [[ Christ]] Himself is compared to the mother hen and the chickens represent the [[ Israelites]] and the [[Christians]] of today. </p> <p> Luke 13:34 (a ) In His early ministry, the Lord JESUS compared Himself to a mother hen calling her brood (the whole nation of Israel) to come to Him and trust Him. [[Quite]] sometime later in His ministry, He repeats the same verse in Matthew 23:37, but He changed one word. Instead of calling the "brood, " He called the "chickens" - the individual persons of Israel. The events which transpired between these two passages reveal that [[ Israel]] as a nation had rejected CHRIST, therefore at the end of His journey, He made His appeal for individuals rather than for the whole nation. </p> | | <p> (ὄρνις '','' a ''Bird,'' especially the domestic fowl, Matthew 23:37 ; Luke 13:34) . We have no evidence that the ancient Hebrews were accustomed to the breeding of poultry, but that the later [[ Jews]] were acquainted with it (Chald. תִּרְנְגוּלְתָּא ) is evident from 2 [[ Esdras]] 1:30; Matthew 23:37; Luke 13:34; Luke 22:60-61. Michaelis is of opinion that the incubation of the common hen is referred to in Jeremiah 17:11. The original country of the common poultry fowl is India, where it is called the jungle bird. (See [[ Cock]] ). </p> <p> The metaphor used in the passages of the [[Gospels]] where the term "hen" occurs has always been admired for its beauty. When the hen sees a bird of prey coming, she makes a noise to assemble her chickens, that she may cover them with her wings from the danger. The Roman army, as an eagle, was about to fall upon the Jews; our Lord-expresses a desire to guard them from threatened calamities, but they disregarded his invitations and warnings, and fell a prey to their adversaries. Thee word there employed is used in the same specific sense in classical Greek (Aristoph. ''Av.'' 102, ''Vesp.'' 811). That a bird so intimately connected with the household, and so common in Palestine, as we know from Rabbinical sources (Otho, ''Lex. Rabb.'' p. 256), should receive such slight notice, is certainly singular (see Reland, ''De Yalli Cantu Hier. Au'' dito, Rotterd. 1709; Detharding, id. Rost. 1752); it is almost equally singular that it is nowhere represented in the paintings of ancient Egypt (Wilkinson, 1, 234). (See [[ Fowl]] ). </p> |
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| == Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_77922" /> == | | == International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_4320" /> == |
| <div> '''1: ὄρνις ''' (Strong'S #3733 Noun Masculine ornis or'-nis ) </div> <p> "a bird," is used, in the NT, only of a "hen," Matthew 23:27; Luke 13:34 . </p>
| | <p> ( ὄρνις , <i> ''''' órnis ''''' </i> ): [[Mentioned]] in the accounts of the different disciples in describing the work of Jesus ( Matthew 23:37; Luke 13:34 ). </p> |
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| == American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_16317" /> ==
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| <p> The care of a hen to protect her brood from hawks, etc., illustrates the Savior's tender care of his people when exposed to the swoop of the Roman eagle, as in all similar perils, Matthew 23:37; 24:22 . The common barn-door fowl is not often mentioned in Scripture, Mark 13:35; 14:30; Luke 22:34; but at the present day they and their eggs are more used in Syria than any other food not vegetable. </p> | |
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| == Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_72886" /> ==
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| <p> '''Hen.''' ''(Rest).'' </p> <p> 1. Probably, a son of Zephaniah, and apparently, the same who is called [[Josiah]] , in Zechariah 6:10. </p> <p> 2. The hen is nowhere noticed in the Bible except in Matthew 23:37; Luke 13:34. That a bird so common in [[Palestine]] should receive such slight notice is certainly peculiar. </p>
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| == Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_51419" /> ==
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| <p> <strong> HEN </strong> . In Zechariah 6:14 ‘Hen the son of Zephaniah’ is mentioned amongst those whose memory was to be perpetuated by the crowns laid up in the [[Temple]] (so AV [Note: Authorized Version.] , RV [Note: Revised Version.] ). Some would substitute for ‘Hen’ the name ‘Joshua’ [Josiah] found in Zechariah 6:10 . </p>
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| == Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_66734" /> ==
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| <p> Son of Zephaniah. Zechariah 6:14 . By comparing verse 14 with verse 10 [[Hen]] (really Chen) appears to be another name of Josiah. Some treat the word Hen not as a proper name, and translate 'for the favour of the son of Zephaniah.' </p>
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| == King James Dictionary <ref name="term_60812" /> ==
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| <p> HEN, n. The female of any kind of fowl but it is particularly applied to the female of the domestic fowl of the gallinaceous kind, or as sometimes called, the barn-door fowl. </p>
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| == Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_126264" /> ==
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| <p> (n.) The female of the domestic fowl; also, the female of grouse, pheasants, or any kind of birds; as, the heath hen; the gray hen. </p>
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| == Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_31822" /> ==
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| Matthew 23:37 Luke 13:34 | |
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| == Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_56158" /> ==
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| <p> <b> HEN. </b> —See Animals, p. 64a. </p>
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| == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_43756" /> ==
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| <p> (Heb. Chen, חֵן '', Grace,'' as often; Sept. translates χάρις, Vulg. ''Hem),'' the son of Zephaniah, to whom the prophet was sent with a symbolical crown ( Zechariah 6:14); probably a figurative name for JOSIAH ( Zechariah 6:10). </p>
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| ==References == | | ==References == |
| <references> | | <references> |
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| <ref name="term_80851"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/watson-s-biblical-theological-dictionary/hen Hen from Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary]</ref> | | <ref name="term_35723"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/hen+(2) Hen from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref> |
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| <ref name="term_197924"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/wilson-s-dictionary-of-bible-types/hen Hen from Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_77922"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/vine-s-expository-dictionary-of-nt-words/hen Hen from Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_16317"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/hen Hen from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_72886"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/hen Hen from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_51419"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/hen Hen from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_66734"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/hen Hen from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_60812"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/king-james-dictionary/hen Hen from King James Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_126264"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/webster-s-dictionary/hen Hen from Webster's Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_31822"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/hen Hen from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_56158"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/hen Hen from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref> | | <ref name="term_43758"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/hen+(2) Hen from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> |
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| <ref name="term_43756"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/hen Hen from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> | | <ref name="term_4320"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/hen+(2) Hen from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> |
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| </references> | | </references> |
Fausset's Bible Dictionary [1]
Matthew 23:37; Luke 13:34. As "the eagle stirring up her nest, fluttering over her young, spreading abroad her wings, taking, bearing them on her wings," represents the Old Testament aspect of Jehovah in relation to Israel under the law ( Deuteronomy 32:11), so the "hen," Christ the lowly loving Son of God gathering God's children under His overshadowing wing, in the gospel ( Ruth 2:12; Psalms 17:8; Psalms 91:4). (See Eagle .) So Jehovah "passed over", or sprang forward to overshadow Israel from the destroying angel ( Exodus 12:13). (See Passover ; EXODUS.)
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature [2]
(ὄρνις , a Bird, especially the domestic fowl, Matthew 23:37; Luke 13:34). We have no evidence that the ancient Hebrews were accustomed to the breeding of poultry, but that the later Jews were acquainted with it (Chald. תִּרְנְגוּלְתָּא ) is evident from 2 Esdras 1:30; Matthew 23:37; Luke 13:34; Luke 22:60-61. Michaelis is of opinion that the incubation of the common hen is referred to in Jeremiah 17:11. The original country of the common poultry fowl is India, where it is called the jungle bird. (See Cock).
The metaphor used in the passages of the Gospels where the term "hen" occurs has always been admired for its beauty. When the hen sees a bird of prey coming, she makes a noise to assemble her chickens, that she may cover them with her wings from the danger. The Roman army, as an eagle, was about to fall upon the Jews; our Lord-expresses a desire to guard them from threatened calamities, but they disregarded his invitations and warnings, and fell a prey to their adversaries. Thee word there employed is used in the same specific sense in classical Greek (Aristoph. Av. 102, Vesp. 811). That a bird so intimately connected with the household, and so common in Palestine, as we know from Rabbinical sources (Otho, Lex. Rabb. p. 256), should receive such slight notice, is certainly singular (see Reland, De Yalli Cantu Hier. Au dito, Rotterd. 1709; Detharding, id. Rost. 1752); it is almost equally singular that it is nowhere represented in the paintings of ancient Egypt (Wilkinson, 1, 234). (See Fowl).
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [3]
( ὄρνις , órnis ): Mentioned in the accounts of the different disciples in describing the work of Jesus ( Matthew 23:37; Luke 13:34 ).
References
