Difference between revisions of "Hanging"

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== Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_40715" /> ==
&nbsp;Genesis 40:19&nbsp;40:22&nbsp;Esther 7:9&nbsp;Genesis 40:19&nbsp;Deuteronomy 21:22&nbsp;Joshua 8:29&nbsp;2 Samuel 4:12&nbsp;Deuteronomy 21:22-23&nbsp;Joshua 8:29&nbsp;Joshua 10:26-27&nbsp; [[Genesis]] 40:19&nbsp;1 Samuel 31:10&nbsp;2 Samuel 21:8-10&nbsp;Galatians 3:13 <p> According to the first century [[Jewish]] historian, Josephus, all executed criminals were afterward hanged. The [[Mishna]] prescribes hanging only for those put to death by stoning. Some Bible students think hanging was prescribed only for blasphemers and idolaters. </p> <p> [[Hanging]] oneself is mentioned only once in the Old [[Testament]] and once in the New Testament. Ahithophel, David's counselor, joined the conspiracy of Absalom, David's son (&nbsp;2 Samuel 15:31 ). [[Feeling]] his ploy for personal power evaporate, he set his house in order and hanged himself (&nbsp;2 Samuel 17:23 ). Judas, one of the twelve disciples of our Lord, in a desperate effort to resolve guilt and atone for the misdeed of betraying Jesus for thirty pieces of silver, went out into the night and hanged himself (&nbsp;Matthew 27:5 ). &nbsp;Acts 1:18 says he fell headlong and burst asunder, presumably as the rope broke. </p> <p> C. [[Dale]] Hill </p>
       
== Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_125180" /> ==
<p> '''(1):''' ''' (''' a.) Adapted for sustaining a hanging object; as, the hanging post of a gate, the post which holds the hinges. </p> <p> '''(2):''' ''' (''' a.) Suspended from above; pendent; as, hanging shelves. </p> <p> '''(3):''' ''' (''' p. pr. & vb. n.) of [[Hang]] </p> <p> '''(4):''' ''' (''' n.) The act of suspending anything; the state of being suspended. </p> <p> '''(5):''' ''' (''' n.) Death by suspension; execution by a halter. </p> <p> '''(6):''' ''' (''' n.) That which is hung as lining or drapery for the walls of a room, as tapestry, paper, etc., or to cover or drape a door or window; - used chiefly in the plural. </p> <p> '''(7):''' ''' (''' a.) Requiring, deserving, or foreboding death by the halter. </p>
       
== Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_31997" /> ==
<li> Heb. bottim (&nbsp;2 Kings 23:7 ), "hangings for the grove" (RSV, "for the Asherah"); marg., instead of "hangings," has "tents" or "houses." Such curtained structures for idolatrous worship are also alluded to in &nbsp;Ezekiel 16:16 . <div> <p> '''Copyright Statement''' These dictionary topics are from M.G. Easton [[M.A., DD]]  Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Third Edition, published by [[Thomas]] Nelson, 1897. Public Domain. </p> <p> '''Bibliography Information''' Easton, Matthew George. Entry for 'Hanging'. Easton's Bible Dictionary. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/ebd/h/hanging.html. 1897. </p> </div> </li>
       
== King James Dictionary <ref name="term_60729" /> ==
<p> HANG'ING, ppr. Suspending to something above. </p> 1. Being suspended dangling swinging. 2. Foreboding death by the halter. <p> What a hanging face! </p> 3. [[Requiring]] punishment by the halter as a hanging matter. <p> HANG'ING, n. Any kind of drapery hung or fastened to the walls or a room, by way of ornament. </p> <p> No purple hangings clothe the palace walls. </p> 1. Death by the halter as hard words or hanging. 2. Display exhibition.
       
== Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_35828" /> ==
<p> Criminals were usually put to death before hanging, for ignominy (&nbsp;Joshua 10:26). The bodies were removed before nightfall in order not to defile the land (&nbsp;Deuteronomy 21:22-23). Hence our Lord's body as those of the two thieves was taken from the cross before the "high day" of the approaching "sabbath" (&nbsp;John 19:31). </p>
       
== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_72658" /> ==
<p> '''Hanging.''' The "hanging" was a curtain or '''Covering''' to close an entrance; one was placed before the door of the Tabernacle. &nbsp;Exodus 26:36-37; &nbsp;Exodus 39:38. </p>
       
== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_51379" /> ==
<p> <strong> HANGING </strong> . See Crimes and Punishments, § <strong> 10 </strong> ; Gallows. </p>
       
== Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_66401" /> ==
<p> See [[Punishments]] </p>
       
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_42877" /> ==
<p> (as a punishment, '''''הוֹקַיעִ''''' , to ''Impale'' with dislocation of the limbs, &nbsp;Numbers 25:4; &nbsp;2 Samuel 21:6; &nbsp;2 Samuel 21:9; '''''תָּלָה''''' , to ''Suspend,'' as among the Hebrews, &nbsp;Deuteronomy 21:22; the Egyptians, &nbsp;Genesis 40:19; and the Persians, &nbsp;Esther 7:10; &nbsp;Esther 5:14; '''''Κρεμάννυμι''''' ). (See [[Crucifixion]]). Hanging on a tree or gibbet appears to have been a mark of infamy, inflicted on the dead bodies of criminals, rather than a punishment, as modern nations employ it. The person suspended was considered as a ''Curse, An Abomination'' in the sight of God, and as receiving this token of infamy at his hand. The body, nevertheless, was to be taken e down and buried on the same day. The hanging mentioned in &nbsp;2 Samuel 21:6, was the work of the Gibeonites, and not of the Hebrews. Posthumous suspension of this kind, for the purpose of conferring ignominy, differs materially from the crucifixion that was practiced by the Romans, although the [[Jews]] gave such an extent to the law in &nbsp;Deuteronomy 21:22-23, as to include the last-named punishment (&nbsp;John 19:31; &nbsp;Acts 5:30; &nbsp;Galatians 3:13; &nbsp;1 Peter 2:24). The more recent Jews attributed the origin of the punishment of strangulation to Moses, and supposed it to have been meant by the phrase, "He shall die the death,"but without cause. (See [[Punishment]]). </p>
       
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_4464" /> ==
<p> ''''' hang´ing ''''' ( תּלה , <i> ''''' tālāh ''''' </i> , "to hang up," "suspend," &nbsp; 2 Samuel 21:12; &nbsp;Deuteronomy 28:66; &nbsp;Job 26:7; &nbsp;Psalm 137:2; &nbsp;Song of [[Solomon]] 4:4; &nbsp;Hosea 11:7 ): Generally, where the word is used in connection with punishments, it appears to have reference to the hanging of the corpse after execution. We find but two clear instances of death by hanging, i.e. strangulation - those of [[Ahithophel]] and [[Judas]] ((&nbsp;2 Samuel 17:23; &nbsp;Matthew 27:5 ), and both these were eases of suicide, not of execution. The foregoing [[Hebrew]] word is clearly used for "hanging" as a mode of execution in &nbsp;Esther 5:14; &nbsp;Esther 6:4; &nbsp;Esther 7:9; &nbsp;Esther 8:7; &nbsp;Esther 9:13 , &nbsp;Esther 9:14 , &nbsp;Esther 9:25; but probably the "gallows" or "tree" (עץ , <i> ''''' ‛ēc ''''' </i> ) was a stake for the purpose of impaling the victim. It could be lowered for this purpose, then raised "fifty cubits high" to arrest the public gaze. The Greek word used in &nbsp;Matthew 27:5 is ἀπάγχεσθαι , <i> ''''' apágchesthai ''''' </i> , "to strangle oneself." See <i> HDB </i> , article "Hanging," for an exhaustive discussion. </p>
       
== Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_15833" /> ==
<p> Hanging [PUNISHMENTS] </p>
       
==References ==
<references>


Hanging <ref name="term_42878" />
<ref name="term_40715"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/hanging Hanging from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref>
<p> (as a curtain) is the rendering of three Heb. terms, two of them having reference to the furniture of the tabernacle and Temple. </p> <p> '''1.''' The "hanging"( '''''מָסָךְ''''' ''A Masak';'' Sept. '''''Ἐπίσπαστρον''''' ,Vulg. tentorium) was a curtain or covering (as the word radically means, and as it is sometimes rendered) to close an entrance. It was made of variegated stuff wrought with needlework (compare &nbsp;Esther 1:5), and (in one instance, at least) was hung on five pillars of acacia wood. The term is applied to a series of curtains suspended before the successive openings of entrance into the tabernacle and its parts. Of these, the first hung before the entrance to the court of the tabernacle (&nbsp;Exodus 27:16; &nbsp;Exodus 38:18; &nbsp;Numbers 4:26); the second before the door of the tabernacle (&nbsp;Exodus 26:36-37; &nbsp;Exodus 39:38); and the third before the entrance to the Most [[Holy]] Place, called more fully '''''פָּרֹכֶת''''' '''''הִמָּסָךְ''''' ("vail of the covering," &nbsp;Exodus 35:12; &nbsp;Exodus 39:34; &nbsp;Exodus 40:21). (See [[Curtain]]). </p> <p> '''2.''' The "hangings"( '''''קְלָעַים''''' '', Kelaim';'' Sept. '''''Ἱστια''''' , Vulg. ''Tentoria)'' were used for covering the walls of the tabernacle, just as tapestry was in modern times (&nbsp;Exodus 27:9; &nbsp;Exodus 35:17; &nbsp;Exodus 38:9; &nbsp;Numbers 3:26; &nbsp;Numbers 4:26). The rendering in the Sept. implies that they were made of the same substance as the sails of a ship, i.e. as explained by Rashi) "meshy, not woven" this opinion is, however, incorrect, as the material of which they were constructed was ''"Fine'' twined linen." The hangings were carried only five cubits high, or half the height of the walls of the court (&nbsp;Exodus 27:18; compare &nbsp;Exodus 26:16). They were fastened to pillars which ran along the sides of the court (&nbsp;Exodus 27:18). (See [[Tabernacle]]). </p> <p> '''3.''' The "hangings"( '''''בָּתַּים''''' , ''Bottim','' &nbsp;2 Kings 23:7, margin ''Houses,'' which is the literal rendering) are of doubtful import. Ewald conjectures that the reading should be '''''בְּגָדַים''''' , ''Clothes,'' and supposes the reference to be to dresses for the images of Astarte; but this is both gratuitous and superfluous. The ''Bottim'' which these women wove were probably cloths for tents used as portable sanctuaries. (See [[Idolatry]]). </p>
       
 
<ref name="term_125180"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/webster-s-dictionary/hanging Hanging from Webster's Dictionary]</ref>
== References ==
       
<references>
<ref name="term_31997"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/hanging Hanging from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
<ref name="term_42878"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/hanging+(2) Hanging from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_60729"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/king-james-dictionary/hanging Hanging from King James Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_35828"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/hanging Hanging from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_72658"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/hanging Hanging from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_51379"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/hanging Hanging from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_66401"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/hanging Hanging from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_42877"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/hanging Hanging from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_4464"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/hanging Hanging from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_15833"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/kitto-s-popular-cyclopedia-of-biblial-literature/hanging Hanging from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature]</ref>
       
</references>
</references>

Latest revision as of 15:17, 16 October 2021

Holman Bible Dictionary [1]

 Genesis 40:19 40:22 Esther 7:9 Genesis 40:19 Deuteronomy 21:22 Joshua 8:29 2 Samuel 4:12 Deuteronomy 21:22-23 Joshua 8:29 Joshua 10:26-27  Genesis 40:19 1 Samuel 31:10 2 Samuel 21:8-10 Galatians 3:13

According to the first century Jewish historian, Josephus, all executed criminals were afterward hanged. The Mishna prescribes hanging only for those put to death by stoning. Some Bible students think hanging was prescribed only for blasphemers and idolaters.

Hanging oneself is mentioned only once in the Old Testament and once in the New Testament. Ahithophel, David's counselor, joined the conspiracy of Absalom, David's son ( 2 Samuel 15:31 ). Feeling his ploy for personal power evaporate, he set his house in order and hanged himself ( 2 Samuel 17:23 ). Judas, one of the twelve disciples of our Lord, in a desperate effort to resolve guilt and atone for the misdeed of betraying Jesus for thirty pieces of silver, went out into the night and hanged himself ( Matthew 27:5 ).  Acts 1:18 says he fell headlong and burst asunder, presumably as the rope broke.

C. Dale Hill

Webster's Dictionary [2]

(1): ( a.) Adapted for sustaining a hanging object; as, the hanging post of a gate, the post which holds the hinges.

(2): ( a.) Suspended from above; pendent; as, hanging shelves.

(3): ( p. pr. & vb. n.) of Hang

(4): ( n.) The act of suspending anything; the state of being suspended.

(5): ( n.) Death by suspension; execution by a halter.

(6): ( n.) That which is hung as lining or drapery for the walls of a room, as tapestry, paper, etc., or to cover or drape a door or window; - used chiefly in the plural.

(7): ( a.) Requiring, deserving, or foreboding death by the halter.

Easton's Bible Dictionary [3]

  • Heb. bottim ( 2 Kings 23:7 ), "hangings for the grove" (RSV, "for the Asherah"); marg., instead of "hangings," has "tents" or "houses." Such curtained structures for idolatrous worship are also alluded to in  Ezekiel 16:16 .

    Copyright Statement These dictionary topics are from M.G. Easton M.A., DD Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Third Edition, published by Thomas Nelson, 1897. Public Domain.

    Bibliography Information Easton, Matthew George. Entry for 'Hanging'. Easton's Bible Dictionary. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/ebd/h/hanging.html. 1897.

    • King James Dictionary [4]

    HANG'ING, ppr. Suspending to something above.

    1. Being suspended dangling swinging. 2. Foreboding death by the halter.

    What a hanging face!

    3. Requiring punishment by the halter as a hanging matter.

    HANG'ING, n. Any kind of drapery hung or fastened to the walls or a room, by way of ornament.

    No purple hangings clothe the palace walls.

    1. Death by the halter as hard words or hanging. 2. Display exhibition.

    Fausset's Bible Dictionary [5]

    Criminals were usually put to death before hanging, for ignominy ( Joshua 10:26). The bodies were removed before nightfall in order not to defile the land ( Deuteronomy 21:22-23). Hence our Lord's body as those of the two thieves was taken from the cross before the "high day" of the approaching "sabbath" ( John 19:31).

    Smith's Bible Dictionary [6]

    Hanging. The "hanging" was a curtain or Covering to close an entrance; one was placed before the door of the Tabernacle.  Exodus 26:36-37;  Exodus 39:38.

    Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible [7]

    HANGING . See Crimes and Punishments, § 10  ; Gallows.

    Morrish Bible Dictionary [8]

    See Punishments

    Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature [9]

    (as a punishment, הוֹקַיעִ , to Impale with dislocation of the limbs,  Numbers 25:4;  2 Samuel 21:6;  2 Samuel 21:9; תָּלָה , to Suspend, as among the Hebrews,  Deuteronomy 21:22; the Egyptians,  Genesis 40:19; and the Persians,  Esther 7:10;  Esther 5:14; Κρεμάννυμι ). (See Crucifixion). Hanging on a tree or gibbet appears to have been a mark of infamy, inflicted on the dead bodies of criminals, rather than a punishment, as modern nations employ it. The person suspended was considered as a Curse, An Abomination in the sight of God, and as receiving this token of infamy at his hand. The body, nevertheless, was to be taken e down and buried on the same day. The hanging mentioned in  2 Samuel 21:6, was the work of the Gibeonites, and not of the Hebrews. Posthumous suspension of this kind, for the purpose of conferring ignominy, differs materially from the crucifixion that was practiced by the Romans, although the Jews gave such an extent to the law in  Deuteronomy 21:22-23, as to include the last-named punishment ( John 19:31;  Acts 5:30;  Galatians 3:13;  1 Peter 2:24). The more recent Jews attributed the origin of the punishment of strangulation to Moses, and supposed it to have been meant by the phrase, "He shall die the death,"but without cause. (See Punishment).

    International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [10]

    hang´ing ( תּלה , tālāh , "to hang up," "suspend,"   2 Samuel 21:12;  Deuteronomy 28:66;  Job 26:7;  Psalm 137:2;  Song of Solomon 4:4;  Hosea 11:7 ): Generally, where the word is used in connection with punishments, it appears to have reference to the hanging of the corpse after execution. We find but two clear instances of death by hanging, i.e. strangulation - those of Ahithophel and Judas (( 2 Samuel 17:23;  Matthew 27:5 ), and both these were eases of suicide, not of execution. The foregoing Hebrew word is clearly used for "hanging" as a mode of execution in  Esther 5:14;  Esther 6:4;  Esther 7:9;  Esther 8:7;  Esther 9:13 ,  Esther 9:14 ,  Esther 9:25; but probably the "gallows" or "tree" (עץ , ‛ēc ) was a stake for the purpose of impaling the victim. It could be lowered for this purpose, then raised "fifty cubits high" to arrest the public gaze. The Greek word used in  Matthew 27:5 is ἀπάγχεσθαι , apágchesthai , "to strangle oneself." See HDB , article "Hanging," for an exhaustive discussion.

    Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature [11]

    Hanging [PUNISHMENTS]

    References

    1. ↑ Hanging from Holman Bible Dictionary
    2. ↑ Hanging from Webster's Dictionary
    3. ↑ Hanging from Easton's Bible Dictionary
    4. ↑ Hanging from King James Dictionary
    5. ↑ Hanging from Fausset's Bible Dictionary
    6. ↑ Hanging from Smith's Bible Dictionary
    7. ↑ Hanging from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
    8. ↑ Hanging from Morrish Bible Dictionary
    9. ↑ Hanging from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
    10. ↑ Hanging from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
    11. ↑ Hanging from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature
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