Difference between revisions of "Guard"

<div> '''A — 1: '''''Κουστωδία''''' ''' (Strong'S #2892 — Noun [[Feminine]] — koustodia — koos-to-dee'-ah ) </div> <p> "a guard," (Latin, custodia; Eng., "custodian"), is used of the soldiers who "guarded" Christ's sepulchre, &nbsp;Matthew 27:65,66; &nbsp;28:11 , and is translated "(ye have) a guard," "the guard (being with them)," and "(some of) the guard," RV, AV, "... a watch," "(setting a) watch," and "... the watch." This was the [[Temple]] guard, stationed under a Roman officer in the tower of Antonia, and having charge of the high priestly vestments. Hence the significance of Pilate's words "Ye have a guard." See Watch. </p> <div> '''A — 2: '''''Σπεκουλάτωρ''''' ''' (Strong'S #4688 — Noun Masculine — spekoulator — spek-oo-lat'-ore ) </div> <p> Latin, speculator, primarily denotes "a lookout officer," or "scout," but, under the emperors, "a member of the bodyguard;" these were employed as messengers, watchers and executioners; ten such officers were attached to each legion; such a guard was employed by Herod Antipas, &nbsp;Mark 6:27 , RV, "a soldier of his guard" (AV, "executioner"). </p> <div> '''A — 3: '''''Φύλαξ''''' ''' (Strong'S #5441 — Noun Masculine — phulax — foo'-lax ) </div> <p> "a guard, keeper" (akin to phulasso, "to guard, keep"), is translated "keepers" in &nbsp;Acts 5:23; in &nbsp;Acts 12:6,19 , RV, "guards" (AV, "keepers"). See Keeper. </p> &nbsp;Acts 28:16Captain.&nbsp; Philippians 1:13 <div> '''B — 1: '''''Φυλάσσω''''' ''' (Strong'S #5442 — Verb — phulasso — foo-las'-so ) </div> <p> "to guard, watch, keep" (akin to A, No. 3), is rendered by the verb "to guard" in the RV (AV, "to keep") of &nbsp;Luke 11:21; &nbsp;John 17:12; &nbsp;Acts 12:4; &nbsp;28:16; &nbsp;2—Thessalonians 3:3; &nbsp;1—Timothy 6:20; &nbsp;2—Timothy 1:12,14; &nbsp;1—John 5:21; &nbsp;Jude 1:24 . In &nbsp;Luke 8:29 , "was kept under guard," RV (AV, "kept"). See [[Beware]] , Keep , [[Observe]] , [[Preserve]] , [[Save]] , [[Ware]] Of , Watch. </p> <div> '''B — 2: '''''Διαφυλάσσω''''' ''' (Strong'S #1314 — Verb — diaphulasso — dee-af-oo-las'-so ) </div> <p> a strengthened form of No. 1 (dia, "through," used intensively), "to guard carefully, defend," is found in &nbsp;Luke 4:10 (from the Sept. of &nbsp; Psalm 91:11 ), RV, "to guard" (AV, "to keep"). </p> <div> '''B — 3: '''''Φρουρέω''''' ''' (Strong'S #5432 — Verb — phroureo — froo-reh'-o ) </div> <p> a military term, "to keep by guarding, to keep under guard," as with a garrison (phrouros, "a guard, or garrison"), is used, (a) of blocking up every way of escape, as in a siege; (b) of providing protection against the enemy, as a garrison does; see &nbsp;2—Corinthians 11:32 , "guarded." AV, "kept," i.e., kept the city, "with a garrison." It is used of the security of the [[Christian]] until the end, &nbsp;1—Peter 1:5 , RV, "are guarded," and of the sense of that security that is his when he puts all his matters into the hand of God, &nbsp;Philippians 4:7 , RV, "shall guard," In these passages the idea is not merely that of protection, but of inward garrisoning as by the [[Holy]] Spirit; in &nbsp;Galatians 3:23 ("were kept in ward"), it means rather a benevolent custody and watchful guardianship in view of worldwide idolatry (cp. &nbsp; Isaiah 5:2 ). See Keep. </p>

<li> Heb. mishmereth, one who watches (&nbsp;Nehemiah 4:22 ), or a watch-station (7:3; 12:9; &nbsp;Job 7:12 ). <p> In the New [[Testament]] (&nbsp;Mark 6:27 ) the Authorized Version renders the Greek <i> Spekulator </i> By "executioner," earlier English versions by "hangman," the Revised Version by "soldier of his guard." The word properly means a "pikeman" or "halberdier," of whom the bodyguard of kings and princes was composed. In &nbsp; Matthew 27:65,66; &nbsp;28:11 , the Authorized Version renders the Greek <i> Kustodia </i> By "watch," and the Revised Version by "guard," the Roman guard, which consisted of four soldiers, who were relieved every three hours (&nbsp; Acts 12:4 ). The "captain of the guard" mentioned &nbsp;Acts 28:16 was the commander of the Praetorian troops, whose duty it was to receive and take charge of all prisoners from the provinces. </p> <div> <p> '''Copyright Statement''' These dictionary topics are from M.G. Easton [[M.A., DD]]  Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Third Edition, published by [[Thomas]] Nelson, 1897. Public Domain. </p> <p> '''Bibliography Information''' Easton, Matthew George. Entry for 'Guard'. Easton's Bible Dictionary. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/ebd/g/guard.html. 1897. </p> </div> </li>

<p> '''''Tabbach''''' . The king's executioner, literally, cook (&nbsp;Genesis 37:36, margrin; &nbsp;2 Kings 25:8; &nbsp;Daniel 2:14). '''''Rats''''' ("the runner") who carried dispatches (&nbsp;2 Chronicles 30:6), and also acted as military guard to the [[Jewish]] kings (&nbsp;2 Samuel 15:1). '''''Μishmereth''''' ("watchmen") (&nbsp;Nehemiah 4:9; &nbsp;Nehemiah 4:22). </p>

<p> ''''' gard ''''' : (1) שׂר הטּבּחים , <i> ''''' sar ha ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' ṭabbāḥı̄m ''''' </i> , "captain of the guard," literally, "slaughterers" (&nbsp; Genesis 37:36; &nbsp;Genesis 39:1; &nbsp;Genesis 40:3 , &nbsp;Genesis 40:1; &nbsp;Genesis 41:10 , &nbsp;Genesis 41:12 ); רב־טבּחים , <i> ''''' rabh ṭabbāḥı̄m ''''' </i> (&nbsp;2 Kings 25:8 , &nbsp;2 Kings 25:11 , &nbsp;2 Kings 25:20; &nbsp;Jeremiah 39:9 , etc.); רב טבּחיּה , <i> ''''' rabh tabbāḥayyāh ''''' </i> (&nbsp;Daniel 2:14 ); רצים , <i> ''''' rācı̄m ''''' </i> , "guard," the King James Version "footmen" (&nbsp;1 Samuel 22:17 ); <i> ''''' sārē hā ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' rācı̄m ''''' </i> , "chief of the guard" the King James Version "captains of the guard" (&nbsp;1 Kings 14:27 ); <i> ''''' tā' hā ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' rācı̄m ''''' </i> , "guard-chamber" (&nbsp;1 Kings 14:28; compare &nbsp;Ezekiel 40:21 , etc., where "lodges" are "guardrooms"; see A.B. [[Davidson]] at the place). (2) משׁמר , <i> ''''' mishmār ''''' </i> , "guard," a defense to a point of danger (&nbsp;Nehemiah 4:22 f; &nbsp; Ezekiel 38:7 ). (3) משׁמעת , <i> ''''' mishma‛ath ''''' </i> , "guard" (&nbsp;2 Samuel 23:23 , where the American Revised Version, margin and the Revised Version, margin have "council," the body over which [[Benaiah]] was set by David and whose functions were perhaps those of consultation). (4) Σπεκουλάτωρ , <i> ''''' spekoulátōr ''''' </i> , "guard" (&nbsp;Mark 6:27 , "a man of Herod's guard," where, as in one or two other cases, Mark, writing for Romans, simply transliterates the Latin <i> speculator </i> "a scout," "an executioner," as in loc.). (5) Στρατοπεδάρχης , <i> ''''' stratopedárchēs ''''' </i> , "captain of the guard" the King James Version, "captain of the praetorian guard" the Revised Version, margin, &nbsp;Acts 28:16 . See [[Captain]] . (6) (Κουστωδία , <i> ''''' koustōdı́a ''''' </i> ), "watch" the King James Version, "guard" the American Standard Revised Version and the Revised Version (British and American) (&nbsp;Matthew 27:65 , &nbsp;Matthew 27:66; &nbsp;Matthew 28:11 ). </p> 1. [[Royal]] [[Body-Guard]] <p> An oriental monarch's body-guard consisted of picked men attached to his person and ready to fulfill his pleasure in important and confidential concerns. At the courts of Egypt and [[Babylon]] the members of the guard were known as "slaughterers," "executioners" (&nbsp;Genesis 37:36 King James Version margin, the American Revised Version, margin and the Revised Version, margin, where [[Potiphar]] is called their captain); &nbsp; 2 Kings 25:8 , where [[Nebuzaradan]] is called their captain (King James Version margin "chief marshal"). Whether it had ever been the function of the body-guard to kill meat for the royal table there is little directly to show; that they acted as executioners can be well understood. In [[Israel]] they were known as "the footmen" (&nbsp;1 Samuel 22:17 the King James Version, the American Revised Version, margin and the Revised Version, margin "runners") who acted as royal messengers or couriers from the time of Saul onward (&nbsp; 2 Kings 10:25; &nbsp;2 Kings 11:6 ); and this designation connects them with the couriers of the kings of [[Persia]] (&nbsp;Esther 3:13 , &nbsp;Esther 3:15; &nbsp;Esther 8:14 , where our versions render "posts," though the Hebrew is <i> ''''' rācı̄m ''''' </i> ). </p> 2. Composed of [[Foreigners]] <p> The men of the royal body-guard were usually foreigners like the janissaries of oriental monarchs down to modern times, who prefer to have around their persons warriors uninfluenced by family connection with the people of the land. [[Rameses]] 2 had such a body-guard whose commanders ranked with the great officers of the crown (Maspero, <i> Struggle of the [[Nations]] </i> , 766). David's body-guard of 600, known also as the <i> ''''' gibbōrı̄m ''''' </i> or "mighty men," consisted of Cherethites, Pelethites, and [[Gittites]] (&nbsp; 2 Samuel 15:18; &nbsp;2 Samuel 20:23 ), and we read of [[Carites]] (&nbsp;2 Kings 11:19 ), who may have been Carians or Cretans, as forming part of the guard at the coronation of King Jehoash. </p> 3. Connection with the Temple <p> That this guard had duties in connection with the temple as well as the king's house seems clear. That they were employed as slaughterers of the sacrifices before the [[Levites]] were entrusted with the office is unlikely, inasmuch as this guard is not said to have been composed of "slaughterers" but of "runners." But they accompanied King [[Rehoboam]] when he visited the temple (&nbsp;1 Kings 14:28 ), and to their captains were committed the shields of brass which took the place of the shields of gold which [[Solomon]] had hung up in the temple; [[Jehoiada]] employed their captains to put [[Athaliah]] to death and to exterminate the worshippers of [[Baal]] who had fled to the temple precincts (&nbsp;2 Kings 11:4 ); the temple gate leading to the palace was called "the gate of the guard" (&nbsp;2 Kings 11:19 ). At this time, and for this occasion, at least, the royal body-guard were the temple guards; and when Ezekiel drew up his plans for the temple which he conceived to replace the temple destroyed by Nebuchadrezzar, the "lodges" or "little chambers" were rooms for the accommodation of the temple guard (&nbsp;Ezekiel 40:7 , &nbsp;Ezekiel 40:10 , &nbsp;Ezekiel 40:21 , &nbsp;Ezekiel 40:33 , etc.). </p> Literature <p> Robertson Smith, <i> Otjc </i> , 262, and note. </p> <p> . </p>