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== American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_16165" /> == | |||
<p> | <p> [[Son]] of Ahikam, appointed by [[Nebuchadnezzar]] to govern [[Judea]] after the destruction of Jerusalem. Like his father, he honored and befriended Jeremiah, Jeremiah 40:5 . He began the administration of his government at [[Mizpeh]] with wisdom, but in two months was treacherously murdered by one Ishmael, 2 Kings 25:22-26 Jeremiah 39:14 40:5-41:18 . </p> | ||
== Bridgeway Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_18617" /> == | |||
<p> In 587 BC the [[Babylonians]] destroyed Jerusalem, abolished Judah’s monarchy, plundered the nation’s treasures and took all its best people into captivity (2 Kings 25:1-21). They then appointed Gedaliah, son of a former [[Jerusalem]] official, governor over those Judeans who remained in the land (2 Kings 25:22; cf. Jeremiah 26:24). </p> <p> [[Gedaliah]] set up his headquarters at Mizpah, north of Jerusalem, and with Jeremiah’s support followed a policy of submission to Babylon. He took no action against Judah’s anti-Babylonian military leaders who had managed to escape the [[Babylonian]] army, but encouraged them, and other Judeans who had fled for safety, to return and settle around [[Mizpah]] (2 Kings 25:23-24; Jeremiah 40:5-12). </p> <p> One of Judah’s former army commanders, Ishmael, opposed this policy of submission to [[Babylon]] and plotted to overthrow Gedaliah. When told of the plot, Gedaliah refused to believe it. That did not stop [[Ishmael]] from murdering him, along with all the [[Judean]] officials and Babylonian supervisors at Gedaliah’s headquarters (2 Kings 25:25; Jeremiah 40:13-16; Jeremiah 41:1-3). That started a sequence of events that resulted in the rest of the Judeans fleeing to [[Egypt]] (2 Kings 25:26; Jeremiah 41:4-18; Jeremiah 42; Jeremiah 43). </p> <p> The [[Bible]] mentions four other men named Gedaliah. The first was a musician in the time of [[David]] (1 Chronicles 25:3; 1 Chronicles 25:9), the second an ancestor of the prophet Zephaniah (Zephaniah 1:1), the third an official in Jerusalem who opposed Jeremiah (Jeremiah 38:1-6), and the fourth a priest in the time of Ezra (Ezra 10:18). </p> | |||
== Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_31658" /> == | |||
<li> The son of Ahikam, and grandson of Shaphan, secretary of king [[Josiah]] (Jeremiah 26:24 ). After the destruction of [[Jerusalem]] (see 2 Kings 25:22; Jeremiah 40:5; 52:16 ). Ishmael, however, at the head of a party of the royal family, "Jewish irreconcilables", rose against him, and slew him and "all the [[Jews]] that were with him" (Jeremiah 41:2,3 ) at [[Mizpah]] about three months after the destruction of Jerusalem. He and his band also plundered the town of Mizpah, and carried off many captives. He was, however, overtaken by [[Johanan]] and routed. He fled with such of his followers as escaped to the [[Ammonites]] (41:15). The little remnant of the Jews now fled to Egypt. <div> <p> [[Copyright]] StatementThese dictionary topics are from M.G. Easton M.A., D.D., Illustrated [[Bible]] Dictionary, [[Third]] Edition, published by [[Thomas]] Nelson, 1897. Public Domain. </p> <p> Bibliography InformationEaston, Matthew George. Entry for 'Gedaliah'. Easton's Bible Dictionary. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/ebd/g/gedaliah.html. 1897. </p> </div> </li> | |||
== Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_35531" /> == | |||
<p> 1. [[Son]] of Ahikam, who saved Jeremiah from death (Jeremiah 26:24); grandson of Shaphan, Josiah's secretary, whom the king sent to inquire concerning the book of Jehovah' s law recently found (2 Kings 22:12; 2 Kings 22:14). [[Gedaliah]] thus inherited from father and grandfather a legacy of the fear of God. [[Left]] by Nebuchadnezzar, after the destruction of the temple (588 B.C.), to govern the cities of [[Judah]] and the farmers and vinedressers, who were allowed to remain in the land (Jeremiah 39:10; Jeremiah 39:14; Jeremiah 40:5-6; Jeremiah 40:11; Jeremiah 52:16). He was stationed at the stronghold Mizpah, six miles N. of Jerusalem, with a [[Chaldean]] guard (Jeremiah 41). </p> <p> Jeremiah, when given his choice by [[Nebuzaradan]] where he should dwell, attached himself to Gedaliah, who was joined also by a promiscuous multitude of "men, women, and children, and of the poor of the land"; also by [[Ishmael]] of the blood royal, [[Johanan]] and Jonathan, Seraiah, the sons of Ephai, Jezaniah, and their men; also by the [[Jews]] who had been driven to Moab, Ammon, and Edom, but who now with reassured confidence began to gather, as formerly, "wine and summer fruits." This indicates his deserved popularity, while his words imply his loyalty to the supreme monarch to whom [[God]] by express prophecy had assigned the world kingdoms, and at the same time his gentleness as a ruler. "Fear not to be servants of the Chaldees; dwell in the land, and serve the king of Babylon, and it shall be well with you." </p> <p> Even reverence for the temple, though in ruins, revived under him; and men from Shechem, Shiloh, and [[Samaria]] came with their offerings and badges of mourning for the destruction of the Lord's house and the holy city (Jeremiah 41:5). Johanan warned Gedaliah that [[Baalis]] (called from the idol Baal) king of [[Ammon]] had sent Ishmael to assassinate him and his retinue. With unsuspecting generosity Gedaliah refused to credit it. So Ishmael, in violation of the sacred rights of hospitality and taking advantage of the opportunity, while eating Gedaliah's "bread" at Mizpah, smote him two months after his appointment (compare Psalms 41:9). [[Jealousy]] of Gedaliah's presidency was Ishmael's motive; his royal descent leading him to regard himself as the rightful ruler. Ammon, Israel's ancient foe, gladly used such a tool. </p> <p> A mystery of providence that God should permit the righteous, in spite of warning, to rush in unsuspecting honesty of purpose into the trap laid for them; Isaiah 57:1 suggests a solution. An enemy's presence appears in such anomalies. Faith, in spite of them, believes God is ordering all things for the ultimate good of His people, and at the judgment will vindicate His ways and clear up all that is now dark. All suffering nature and disorganized society as well as believers yearn for the advent of Him who shall reign in righteousness (Isaiah 11; Ezekiel 21:27). His death is commemorated in the [[Jewish]] calendar as a national calamity; and many Jews under Johanan, fearing Babylon's vengeance, fled to Egypt, forcing Jeremiah with them (Jeremiah 41:18). </p> <p> 2. 1 Chronicles 25:3; 1 Chronicles 25:9. </p> <p> 3. Ezra 10:18. </p> <p> 4. Zephaniah 1:1. </p> <p> 5. Son of Pashur; one of the princes who caused Jeremiah's imprisonment (Jeremiah 38:1, etc.). </p> | |||
== Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_40527" /> == | |||
2 Kings 25:22Jeremiah 26:24Jeremiah 39:14Jeremiah 40:1-41:182Jeremiah 38:131 Chronicles 25:31 Chronicles 25:9 <p> An abbreviated form of the [[Hebrew]] name is given a priest with a foreign wife under Ezra (Ezra 10:18 ) and the grandfather of the prophet Zephaniah (Zephaniah 1:1 ). </p> | |||
== Hitchcock's Bible Names <ref name="term_45688" /> == | |||
== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_51315" /> == | |||
<p> <strong> GEDALIAH. 1 </strong> . [[Son]] of Ahikam, who had protected Jeremiah from the anti-Chaldæan party ( Jeremiah 26:24 ), and probably grandson of Shaphan, the pious scribe ( 2 Kings 22:1-20 ). [[Gedaliah]] naturally shared the views of Jeremiah. This commended him to Nebuchadnezzar, who made him governor over ‘the poor of the people that were left in the land.’ His two months’ rule and treacherous murder are detailed in Jeremiah 40:1-16; Jeremiah 41:1-18 ( 2 Kings 25:22-25 ). The anniversary of Gedaliah’s murder the third day of the seventh month, [[Tishri]] ( Zechariah 7:5; Zechariah 8:19 ) has ever since been observed as one of the four [[Jewish]] fasts. <strong> 2. </strong> [[Eldest]] ‘son’ of [[Jeduthun]] ( 1 Chronicles 25:3; 1 Chronicles 25:9 ). <strong> 3. </strong> A priest ‘of the sons of Jeshua,’ who had married a ‘strange’ woman ( Ezra 10:18 ); called in Esther 9:19 Esther 9:19 <strong> [[Joadanus]] </strong> . <strong> 4. </strong> Son of Pashhur, a prince in the reign of [[Zedekiah]] ( Jeremiah 38:1 ). <strong> 5. </strong> [[Grandfather]] of the prophet Zephaniah ( Zephaniah 1:1 ). </p> | |||
== Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_66356" /> == | |||
<p> 1. [[Son]] of Ahikam: he was made governor over those left in the land, with a [[Chaldean]] guard, by Nebuchadnezzar. He was joined by Jeremiah, and apparently ruled well; but he was treacherously murdered by [[Ishmael]] of Judah, who, according to [[Josephus]] (Ant. 10:9,3), was a member of the royal family. [[Gedaliah]] was duly warned, but had too good an opinion of the man. 2 Kings 25:22-25; Jeremiah 39:14; Jeremiah 40:5-16; Jeremiah 41:1-18; Jeremiah 43:6 . </p> <p> 2. Levite, son of Jeduthun. 1 Chronicles 25:3,9 . </p> <p> 3. [[Priest]] who had married a strange wife. Ezra 10:18 . </p> <p> 4. [[Grandfather]] of Zephaniah the prophet. Zephaniah 1:1 . </p> <p> 5. Son of [[Pashur]] and one of the princes who caused Jeremiah to be cast into a dungeon. Jeremiah 38:1 . </p> | |||
== People's Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_70117" /> == | |||
<p> [[Gedaliah]] (gĕd'a-lî'ah), whom [[Jehovah]] hath made powerful. The governor of Judæa, appointed by [[Nebuchadnezzar]] after its subjection. 2 Kings 25:22; Jeremiah 40:5. He was a friend of Jeremiah, Jeremiah 40:6; a party headed by [[Ishmael]] slew him. Jeremiah 41:2. </p> | |||
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_4058" /> == | |||
<p> ''''' ged ''''' - ''''' a ''''' - ''''' lı̄´a ''''' ( גּדליה , <i> ''''' gedhalyāh ''''' </i> ; except in 1 Chronicles 25:3 , 1 Chronicles 25:9 and Jeremiah 38:1 , where it is גּדליהוּ , <i> '''''gedhalyāhū''''' </i> , "Yah(u) is great"): </p> <p> (1) Gedaliah, the son of [[Ahikam]] (the friend and protector of Jeremiah) and grandson of [[Shaphan]] (the scribe in the reign of Josiah) (2 Kings 25:22-25; Jeremiah 39:14; Jeremiah 40:5-16; 41:1-18). </p> 1. His [[Appointment]] as [[Governor]] in [[Judah]] <p> After the destruction of [[Jerusalem]] and the carrying away captive of the [[Jews]] to [[Babylon]] (586 bc), [[Gedaliah]] was appointed by [[Nebuchadnezzar]] governor over the poor Jews who had been left in the land to be vinedressers and husbandmen (2 Kings 25:12 , 2 Kings 25:22 ). To his charge were committed also some royal princesses (Jeremiah 43:6 ) and courtiers (Jeremiah 41:16 ) who had been allowed to remain as unlikely to cause any trouble. Gedaliah fixed his residence at Mizpah, a few miles Northwest of Jerusalem. Here he was joined by Jeremiah (Jeremiah 40:6 ). </p> 2. His Conciliatory [[Spirit]] and [[Wise]] [[Rule]] <p> The [[Jewish]] soldiers who had escaped capture, having heard that the [[Chaldeans]] had departed, and that Gedaliah, one of their own nation, had been appointed governor in Judah, came with Ishmael, [[Johanan]] and other officers at their head, to Gedaliah at [[Mizpah]] (2 Kings 25:23 , 2 Kings 25:14; Jeremiah 40:7-10 ). The governor assured them that they need have no fear of vengeance from their conquerors, and promised them on oath protection and security, if they would remain and cultivate the land and become the peaceful subjects of the king of Babylon. This assurance led to a general gathering around Gedaliah of refugees from all the neighboring countries (Jeremiah 40:11 , Jeremiah 40:12 ). For two months (some think longer) Gedaliah's beneficent and wise rule did much to consolidate affairs in Judah and to inspire the feeble remnant of his countrymen with heart and hope. </p> 3. His [[Treacherous]] [[Assassination]] <p> But evil spirits were at work against him. Baalis, king of Ammon, had determined upon his life (Jeremiah 40:13-16 ). The peaceful and popular rule which was being established by the good governor stood in the way of the accomplishment of any plan of conquest he entertained. [[Baalis]] found a ready instrument for his murderous design in [[Ishmael]] who, as one of royal birth and in the counsels of the king (Jeremiah 41:1 ), was doubtless jealous of the man who had been chosen governor in preference to himself. Gedaliah was informed by Johanan and the other captains of the plot to assassinate him, and Johanan at a private interview expressed to him a strong desire to go himself and slay Ishmael secretly, declaring that the safety of the Jews depended upon the life of the governor. But Gedaliah refused to allow Johanan to anticipate his enemy, believing, in the generosity of his heart, that Ishmael was not capable of such an act of treachery. He soon found, however, that his confidence had been sadly misplaced. Ishmael, with ten of his companions, came on a visit to him to Mizpah, and after they had been hospitably entertained they fell upon their good host and murdered him, along with all the Jewish and the [[Chaldean]] soldiers whom he had with him for order and protection (2 Kings 25:25; Jeremiah 41:1-3 ). They then cast the bodies of their victims into the cistern which [[Asa]] had made (Jeremiah 41:9 ). Ishmael was pursued and overtaken by Johanan, but he succeeded in effecting his escape to the [[Ammonites]] (Jeremiah 41:11-15 ). Then Johanan and the other captains, afraid lest the Chaldeans should avenge upon them the murder of the governor (Jeremiah 41:16-18 ), and against the earnest entreaties of Jeremiah (chapter 42), fled to Egypt, taking the prophet and the Jewish remnant with them (Jeremiah 43:5-7 ). In memory of the date of Gedaliah's assassination the Jews kept a fast (which is still retained in the Jewish calendar) on the 3rd day of the 7th month, [[Tishri]] (Zechariah 7:5; Zechariah 8:19 ). </p> 4. His [[Noble]] Character <p> The narratives reveal Gedaliah in a very attractive light, as one who possessed the confidence alike of his own people and their conquerors; a man of rare wisdom and tact, and of upright, transparent character, whose kindly nature and generous disposition would not allow him to think evil of a brother; a man altogether worthy of the esteem in which he was held by succeeding generations of his fellow-countrymen. </p> <p> (2) ( <i> ''''' gedhalyāhū ''''' </i> ): [[Son]] of Jeduthun, and instrumental leader of the 2nd of the 24 choirs in the [[Levitical]] orchestra ( 1 Chronicles 25:3 , 1 Chronicles 25:1 ). </p> <p> (3) A priest of the "sons of Jeshua," in the time of Ezra, who had married a foreign woman (Ezra 10:18 ). </p> <p> (4) ( <i> ''''' gedhalyāhū ''''' </i> ): Son of [[Pashhur]] (who beat Jeremiah and put him in the stocks, Jeremiah 20:1-6 ), and one of the chiefs of Jerusalem who, with the sanction of the king, Zedekiah, took Jeremiah and let him down with cords into a cistern where he sank in the mud (Jeremiah 38:1 , Jeremiah 38:4-6 ). </p> <p> (5) [[Grandfather]] of Zephaniah the prophet, and grandson of Hezekiah, probably the king (Zephaniah 1:1 ). </p> | |||
== Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_15726" /> == | |||
<p> Gedali´ah (God-greatened); son of Ahikam, and appointed by [[Nebuchadnezzar]] governor of [[Judea]] after the destruction of Jerusalem. He was probably of the number of those who quitted the city at the instance of the prophet, justly despairing of the successful defense of a place which [[God]] had abandoned. [[Gedaliah]] had inherited his father's respect for Jeremiah (, sq.), and was moreover enjoined by [[Nebuzaradan]] to look to his safety and welfare. Gedaliah was in every way worthy of the difficult post he had to fill; and he adopted as the principle of his conduct that submission to existing circumstances which was requisite in one who believed that [[Judah]] had, according to the declared will of God, been justly doomed and punished for her iniquities, and who yet believed that His loving kindness had not utterly departed from her. He established the seat of his melancholy government at [[Mizpeh]] in the tribe of Benjamin: and there the Jews, who had fled at the advance of the [[Chaldean]] armies, or when the troops of [[Zedekiah]] were dispersed in the plains of Jericho, quitting their retreats, began to gather around him. Gedaliah wisely counseled them to submission and quietness; and he promised on that condition to ensure them the undisturbed enjoyment of their possessions, and of the produce of the ground. In this hope the labors of the field were resumed, and the extraordinary returns of that season secured as if specially given to repair the recent injuries of war. But this calm was of short duration. [[Among]] those who returned was a member of the royal family, named Ishmael, who had taken refuge with Baalis, king of the Ammonites. He appears to have been irritated at seeing one who was not of the house of [[David]] seated upon even the shadow of David's throne; and some of the friends of Gedaliah believed him to be in a plot with [[Baalis]] to take away his life. But the noble-minded governor refused to entertain such a suspicion, and rejected with horror the proposal of an over-zealous friend, who offered to assassinate Ishmael. The suspicion which he thus generously repelled was, however, correct. He was murdered in the midst of a repast by this very Ishmael, whom he had received as a friend. This event happened about two months after the destruction of Jerusalem, and by it the present ruin of Judea seemed to be consummated, B.C. 588 . </p> | |||
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_41147" /> == | |||
<p> (Heb. Gedatyah', גְּדִלְיָה made great by Jehovah, Ezra 10:18; Jeremiah 40:5; Jeremiah 40:8; Jeremiah 12:16; Zephaniah 1:1; elsewhere in the prolonged or full form Gedalya´ hu, גְּדִלְרָהוּ; Sept. usually Γοδολία, [[Vulgate]] Godolia), the same of five men. </p> <p> 1. The son and second assistant of Jeduthuen in the [[Levitical]] choir of the [[Temple]] in the time of [[David]] (1 Chronicles 25:3; 1 Chronicles 25:9), B.C. 1013. </p> <p> 2. The (son of [[Amariah]] and father of Cusbi) grandfather of the prophet Zephaniah (Zephaniah 1:1). B.C. sante 635. </p> <p> 3. [[Son]] of Pashur, and one of the [[Jewish]] nobles who conspired to accuse and imprison Jeremiah (Jeremiah 38:1). B.C. 589. </p> <p> 4. The son of [[Ahikam]] (Jeremiah's protector, Jeremiah 26:24), and grandson of Shaphan, the secretary of king Josiah. After the destruction of the Temple, B.C. 588, [[Nebuchadnezzar]] departed from Judaea, leaving [[Gedaliah]] with a Chaldfaean guard (Jeremiah 40:5) at Mizpah, a strong (1 Kings 15:22) town, six miles north of Jerusalem, to govern, as tributary (Josephus, Ant. 10:9, 1) of the king of Babylon, the vine-dressers and husband men (Jeremiah 52:16) who were exempted from captivity. He was probably of the nunmber of those who left the city at the instance of the prophet, justly despairing of the successful defense of a place which [[God]] had abandoned. Gedaliah had inherited his father's respect for Jeremiah (Jeremiah 40:5 sq.), and was, moreover, enjoined by Neluzaradan to look to his safety and welfare. Gedaliah was in every way worthy of the difficult post he had to fill; and he adopted, as the principle of his conduct, that submission to existing circumstances which was requisite in one who believed that [[Judah]] had, according to thee declared will of God, been justly doomed and punished for her iniquities, and who yet believed that his loving kindness had not utterly departed from her. He established the seat of his melancholy government at Mizpah, in the tribe of Benjamin; and there the inhabitants, who had fled at the advance of the Chaldaean armies, or when the troops of [[Zedekiah]] were dispersed in the plains of Jericho, quitting their retreats, began to gather around him. Gedaliah wisely counseled them to submission and quietness; and he promised, on that condition, to insure them. the undisturbed enjoyment of their possassions, sand of the produce of the ground. In this hope the labors of the field were resunied, and the extraordinary returns of that season secured as if specially given to repair the recent injuries of war. Jeremiah joined Gedaliah; and [[Mizpah]] became the resort of [[Jews]] from various quarters (Jeremiah 40:6; Jeremiah 40:11), many of whom, as might be expected at the end of a long war, were in a demoralized state, unrestrained by religion, patriotism, or prudence. The gentle and popular character of Gedaliah (Joseph. Ant. 10:9, 1 and 3), his hereditary piety (Rosenmü ller on Jeremiah 26:24), the prosperity of hin brief rule (Jeremiah 40:12), the reverence which revived and was fostered sunder him for the ruined Temple (Jeremiah 41:5), fear of the [[Chaldean]] conquerors, whose officer he was all proved insufficient to secure Gedaliah from the foreign jealousy of Baalis, king of Ammon, and the domestic ambition of Ishmael, a member of the royal family of Judah (Joseph. Ant. 10:9, 3). This man came to Mizpah with a secret purpose to destroy Gedaliab. Gedaliab, generously refusing to believe a friendlfy warning which he received of the intended treachery, was murdered, with his Jewish and Chaldsman followers, two months after his appointment. After his death, which is still commemorated in the Jewish [[Calendar]] (Prideaux, Connexion, anno 588, and Zechariah 7:19) as a national calamity, the Jews, in their native land, anticipating the resentment of the king of Babylon, gave way to despair. Many, forcing Jeremiah to accompany them, fled to [[Egypt]] under Johanan. By this series (of tragical enents the utter ruin of [[Judaea]] was consummated (2 Kings 25:22-26; Jeremiah 39:14; 12:18). (See [[Jeremiah]]). </p> <p> 5. A descendant of Jeshua, and one of the priests who divorced their heathen wives after the return from the [[Babylonian]] captivity (Ezra 10:18). B.C. 458. </p> | |||
==References == | ==References == | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
<ref name="term_16165"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/gedaliah Gedaliah from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_18617"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/bridgeway-bible-dictionary/gedaliah Gedaliah from Bridgeway Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_31658"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/gedaliah Gedaliah from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_35531"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/gedaliah Gedaliah from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_40527"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/gedaliah Gedaliah from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_45688"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hitchcock-s-bible-names/gedaliah Gedaliah from Hitchcock's Bible Names]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_51315"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/gedaliah Gedaliah from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_66356"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/gedaliah Gedaliah from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_70117"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/people-s-dictionary-of-the-bible/gedaliah Gedaliah from People's Dictionary of the Bible]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_4058"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/gedaliah Gedaliah from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | <ref name="term_4058"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/gedaliah Gedaliah from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_15726"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/kitto-s-popular-cyclopedia-of-biblial-literature/gedaliah Gedaliah from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_41147"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/gedaliah Gedaliah from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> | |||
</references> | </references> | ||
