Difference between revisions of "Former"
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== Vine's Expository Dictionary of OT Words <ref name="term_76337" /> == | == Vine's Expository Dictionary of OT Words <ref name="term_76337" /> == | ||
<p> <em> Ri'shôn </em> (רִאשֹׁן, Strong'S #7223), “former; chief; first.” This word comes from a common Semitic root that also yields <em> ro’sh </em> (“head”) and <em> ri'shit </em> (“beginning”). <em> Ri'shôn </em> , which appears 182 times (first in Gen. 8:13), is well represented throughout the entire Old Testament, with the exception of the poetic books and the minor prophets. The basic meaning of <em> ri'shôn </em> is “first” in a series. The word is the antonym of | <p> <em> Ri'shôn </em> ( '''''רִאשֹׁן''''' , Strong'S #7223), “former; chief; first.” This word comes from a common Semitic root that also yields <em> ro’sh </em> (“head”) and <em> ri'shit </em> (“beginning”). <em> Ri'shôn </em> , which appears 182 times (first in Gen. 8:13), is well represented throughout the entire Old Testament, with the exception of the poetic books and the minor prophets. The basic meaning of <em> ri'shôn </em> is “first” in a series. The word is the antonym of ’acharon—(“last”). On the one hand, <em> ri'shôn </em> may refer to the “first month” (Exod. 40:2), the “first day” (Exod. 12:15), the “former temple” (Ezra 3:12)or the “firstborn” (Gen. 25:25ff.). </p> <p> On the other hand, the word may denote the “most prominent” in a series. Thus God is “the first” as well as “the last”: “Who hath wrought and done it, calling the generations from the beginning? I the Lord, the first, and with the last; I am he” (Isa. 41:4). The most prominent people at a banquet sat in the “first place” (Esth. 1:14). The use of <em> ri'shôn </em> with “father” in “Thy first father hath sinned, and thy teachers have transgressed against me” (Isa. 43:27) expresses how Israel’s beginnings started with sin and rebellion. A </p> <p> s a reference to time, <em> ri'shôn </em> signifies what has been—i.e., the “former.” This usage appears in phrases meaning a “former position” (Gen. 40:13) and a “deceased husband” (Hos. 2:7). The “prophets of the past” (Zech. 1:4) and “ancestors” (Lev. 26:45) are both best understood as expressions referring to the past. The prophetic phrase “former days” (unlike “latter days”) expresses Israel’s past sin and God’s judgment on Israel: “Behold, the former things are come to pass, and new things do I declare: before they spring forth I tell you of them” (Isa. 42:9). </p> <p> The [[Septuagint]] translations are: <em> proteros </em> (“earlier; former; superior”), <em> protos </em> (“first; earlier; earliest”), <em> emprosthen </em> (“ahead; in front”), <em> arche </em> (“beginning; first cause; ruler; rule”). The KJV gives these translations: “first; former; before; beginning.” </p> | ||
== Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_77774" /> == | == Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_77774" /> == | ||
<div> '''1: | <div> '''1: '''''Πρῶτος''''' ''' (Strong'S #4413 — Adjective — protos — pro'-tos ) </div> <p> "first," is translated "former" in Acts 1:1 , of Luke's first treatise; in Revelation 21:4 , RV, "first" (AV, "former"). See [[Before]] , First. </p> <div> '''2: '''''Πρότερος''''' ''' (Strong'S #4387 — Adjective — proteros — prot'-er-os ) </div> <p> "before, former," is translated "former" in Ephesians 4:22; Hebrews 10:32; 1—Peter 1:14 . See Before. </p> | ||
== Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_123702" /> == | == Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_123702" /> == | ||
<p> '''(1):''' ''' (''' n.) | <p> '''(1):''' ''' (''' n.) A cutting die. </p> <p> '''(2):''' ''' (''' n.) One who forms; a maker; a creator. </p> <p> '''(3):''' ''' (''' n.) A shape around which an article is to be shaped, molded, woven wrapped, pasted, or otherwise constructed. </p> <p> '''(4):''' ''' (''' n.) A templet, pattern, or gauge by which an article is shaped. </p> <p> '''(5):''' ''' (''' a.) Earlier, as between two things mentioned together; first mentioned. </p> <p> '''(6):''' ''' (''' a.) Preceding in order of time; antecedent; previous; prior; earlier; hence, ancient; long past. </p> <p> '''(7):''' ''' (''' a.) Near the beginning; preceeding; as, the former part of a discourse or argument. </p> | ||
== King James Dictionary <ref name="term_60202" /> == | == King James Dictionary <ref name="term_60202" /> == | ||
<p> | <p> FORM'ER, n. He that forms a maker an author. </p> | ||
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_3836" /> == | == International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_3836" /> == | ||
<p> '''''fôr´mẽr''''' : The word in the sense of "maker," "framer," occurs only in Jeremiah 51:19 , "He is the former (from <i> '''''yācar''''' </i> , "to form") of all things." The adjective, in the sense of preceding in the order of time, is commonly in Hob the translation of <i> '''''rı̄'shōn''''' </i> , "first," "foremost" ( Genesis 40:13; Numbers 21:26; Deuteronomy 24:4 , etc.); in Greek of <i> '''''próteros''''' </i> ( Ephesians 4:22; Hebrews 10:32; 1 Peter 1:14 ); and in two cases ( Acts 1:1; Revelation 21:4 ) of <i> '''''prō̇tos''''' </i> , where the Revised Version (British and American) has (in Acts in the margin) "the first." As denoting place or position the word occurs in the Old [[Testament]] in Zechariah 14:8 , "the former sea" as translation of , <i> '''''ḳadhmōnı̄''''' </i> , "in front," where the Revised Version (British and American) has "eastern," i.e. the [[Dead]] Sea, in contrast with the Mediterranean, or western sea (compare Ezekiel 47:18; Joel 2:20 ). For "former iniquities" ( Psalm 79:8 ) the Revised Version (British and American) has simply "the iniquities"; Other changes may be seen in Numbers 6:12; Isaiah 65:7; Ezekiel 36:11; Micah 4:8; Haggai 2:3 . </p> | <p> ''''' fôr´mẽr ''''' : The word in the sense of "maker," "framer," occurs only in Jeremiah 51:19 , "He is the former (from <i> ''''' yācar ''''' </i> , "to form") of all things." The adjective, in the sense of preceding in the order of time, is commonly in Hob the translation of <i> ''''' rı̄'shōn ''''' </i> , "first," "foremost" ( Genesis 40:13; Numbers 21:26; Deuteronomy 24:4 , etc.); in Greek of <i> ''''' próteros ''''' </i> ( Ephesians 4:22; Hebrews 10:32; 1 Peter 1:14 ); and in two cases ( Acts 1:1; Revelation 21:4 ) of <i> ''''' prō̇tos ''''' </i> , where the Revised Version (British and American) has (in Acts in the margin) "the first." As denoting place or position the word occurs in the Old [[Testament]] in Zechariah 14:8 , "the former sea" as translation of , <i> ''''' ḳadhmōnı̄ ''''' </i> , "in front," where the Revised Version (British and American) has "eastern," i.e. the [[Dead]] Sea, in contrast with the Mediterranean, or western sea (compare Ezekiel 47:18; Joel 2:20 ). For "former iniquities" ( Psalm 79:8 ) the Revised Version (British and American) has simply "the iniquities"; Other changes may be seen in Numbers 6:12; Isaiah 65:7; Ezekiel 36:11; Micah 4:8; Haggai 2:3 . </p> | ||
==References == | ==References == | ||
Latest revision as of 13:40, 14 October 2021
Vine's Expository Dictionary of OT Words [1]
Ri'shôn ( רִאשֹׁן , Strong'S #7223), “former; chief; first.” This word comes from a common Semitic root that also yields ro’sh (“head”) and ri'shit (“beginning”). Ri'shôn , which appears 182 times (first in Gen. 8:13), is well represented throughout the entire Old Testament, with the exception of the poetic books and the minor prophets. The basic meaning of ri'shôn is “first” in a series. The word is the antonym of ’acharon—(“last”). On the one hand, ri'shôn may refer to the “first month” (Exod. 40:2), the “first day” (Exod. 12:15), the “former temple” (Ezra 3:12)or the “firstborn” (Gen. 25:25ff.).
On the other hand, the word may denote the “most prominent” in a series. Thus God is “the first” as well as “the last”: “Who hath wrought and done it, calling the generations from the beginning? I the Lord, the first, and with the last; I am he” (Isa. 41:4). The most prominent people at a banquet sat in the “first place” (Esth. 1:14). The use of ri'shôn with “father” in “Thy first father hath sinned, and thy teachers have transgressed against me” (Isa. 43:27) expresses how Israel’s beginnings started with sin and rebellion. A
s a reference to time, ri'shôn signifies what has been—i.e., the “former.” This usage appears in phrases meaning a “former position” (Gen. 40:13) and a “deceased husband” (Hos. 2:7). The “prophets of the past” (Zech. 1:4) and “ancestors” (Lev. 26:45) are both best understood as expressions referring to the past. The prophetic phrase “former days” (unlike “latter days”) expresses Israel’s past sin and God’s judgment on Israel: “Behold, the former things are come to pass, and new things do I declare: before they spring forth I tell you of them” (Isa. 42:9).
The Septuagint translations are: proteros (“earlier; former; superior”), protos (“first; earlier; earliest”), emprosthen (“ahead; in front”), arche (“beginning; first cause; ruler; rule”). The KJV gives these translations: “first; former; before; beginning.”
Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words [2]
"first," is translated "former" in Acts 1:1 , of Luke's first treatise; in Revelation 21:4 , RV, "first" (AV, "former"). See Before , First.
"before, former," is translated "former" in Ephesians 4:22; Hebrews 10:32; 1—Peter 1:14 . See Before.
Webster's Dictionary [3]
(1): ( n.) A cutting die.
(2): ( n.) One who forms; a maker; a creator.
(3): ( n.) A shape around which an article is to be shaped, molded, woven wrapped, pasted, or otherwise constructed.
(4): ( n.) A templet, pattern, or gauge by which an article is shaped.
(5): ( a.) Earlier, as between two things mentioned together; first mentioned.
(6): ( a.) Preceding in order of time; antecedent; previous; prior; earlier; hence, ancient; long past.
(7): ( a.) Near the beginning; preceeding; as, the former part of a discourse or argument.
King James Dictionary [4]
FORM'ER, n. He that forms a maker an author.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [5]
fôr´mẽr : The word in the sense of "maker," "framer," occurs only in Jeremiah 51:19 , "He is the former (from yācar , "to form") of all things." The adjective, in the sense of preceding in the order of time, is commonly in Hob the translation of rı̄'shōn , "first," "foremost" ( Genesis 40:13; Numbers 21:26; Deuteronomy 24:4 , etc.); in Greek of próteros ( Ephesians 4:22; Hebrews 10:32; 1 Peter 1:14 ); and in two cases ( Acts 1:1; Revelation 21:4 ) of prō̇tos , where the Revised Version (British and American) has (in Acts in the margin) "the first." As denoting place or position the word occurs in the Old Testament in Zechariah 14:8 , "the former sea" as translation of , ḳadhmōnı̄ , "in front," where the Revised Version (British and American) has "eastern," i.e. the Dead Sea, in contrast with the Mediterranean, or western sea (compare Ezekiel 47:18; Joel 2:20 ). For "former iniquities" ( Psalm 79:8 ) the Revised Version (British and American) has simply "the iniquities"; Other changes may be seen in Numbers 6:12; Isaiah 65:7; Ezekiel 36:11; Micah 4:8; Haggai 2:3 .
