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| == Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_35200" /> == | | == International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_3498" /> == |
| <p> ("cluster".) </p> <p> 1. An [[Amorite]] chief, Mamre's brother, ally to [[Abram]] in his expedition against [[Chedorlaomer]] ( Genesis 14:13; Genesis 14:24). </p> <p> 2. Valley or Eshcol. A wady in southern Canaan, somewhere in the vinebearing district (miles of hill sides and valleys covered with small stone heaps for training vines) between [[Hebron]] ( Genesis 13:18; Genesis 14:13) and Kadesh, but nearer [[Kadesh]] (Ain-el-Gadis) on the northern frontier of the peninsula, the [[Negeb]] or the "south." From Kadesh the spies went and returned with grapes of Eshcol, which cannot be near Hebron, for grapes could not well be brought such a distance as that between Hebron and Kadesh, and the spies would court secrecy and haste ( Numbers 13:24). The Amorite chief's name originated the designation of the valley Eshcol, which [[Israel]] afterward interpreted in the suitable sense cluster. Most identify [[Eshcol]] with the rich valley N. of Hebron, described by Robinson as producing the largest grapes in Palestine, where a fount is still called [[Ain]] Eskaly (Van de Velde). </p> | | <p> ''''' esh´kol ''''' ( אשׁכּל , <i> ''''' 'eshkōl ''''' </i> ; Φάραγξ βότρυος , <i> ''''' Pháragx bótruos ''''' </i> ), "a cluster of grapes"): The spies came to [[Hebron]] "and they came unto the valley of Eshcol, and cut down from thence a branch with one cluster of grapes" ( Numbers 13:23 , Numbers 13:14; Numbers 32:9; Deuteronomy 1:24 ). It was a valley near Hebron rich in vineyards. [[Fruitful]] vineyards are still the most characteristic feature of the environs of Hebron, especially on the North. No particular valley can be identified, though popular tradition favors the wide and fertile valley, near the traditional site of "Abraham's oak," a little to the West of the carriage road just before it enters the outskirts of Hebron. </p> |
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| == Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_31446" /> ==
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| <li> A valley in which the spies obtained a fine cluster of grapes ( Numbers 13:23,24; "the brook Eshcol," A.V.; "the valley of Eshcol," RSV), which they took back with them to the camp of Israel as a specimen of the fruits of the [[Promised]] Land. On their way back they explored the route which led into the south (the Negeb) by the western edge of the mountains at Telilat el-'Anab, i.e., "grape-mounds", near Beersheba. "In one of these extensive valleys, perhaps in [[Wady]] Hanein, where miles of grape-mounds even now meet the eye, they cut the gigantic clusters of grapes, and gathered the pomegranates and figs, to show how goodly was the land which the Lord had promised for their inheritance.", Palmer's Desert of the Exodus. <div> <p> Copyright StatementThese dictionary topics are from M.G. Easton M.A., D.D., Illustrated [[Bible]] Dictionary, Third Edition, published by [[Thomas]] Nelson, 1897. Public Domain. </p> <p> Bibliography InformationEaston, Matthew George. Entry for 'Eshcol'. Easton's Bible Dictionary. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/ebd/e/eshcol.html. 1897. </p> </div> </li>
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| == Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_50708" /> ==
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| <p> <strong> ESHCOL </strong> . <strong> 1 </strong> . The brother of [[Mamre]] and Aner, the Amorite confederates of Abraham, who assisted the patriarch in his pursuit and defeat of Chedorlaomer’s forces ( [[Genesis]] 14:13; Genesis 14:24 ). He lived in the neighbourhood of Hebron ( Genesis 13:18 ); and possibly gave his name to the valley of Eshcol, which lay a little to the N. of Hebron ( Numbers 13:23 ). <strong> 2 </strong> . A wady, with vineyards and pomegranates, apparently near Hebron ( Numbers 13:23-24; Numbers 32:9 , Deuteronomy 1:24 ). <em> Eshcol </em> is usually rendered ‘bunch of grapes.’ The name has not been recovered. </p>
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| == American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_15973" /> ==
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| <p> 1. An Amorite prince near Hebron, who joined [[Abraham]] in [[Pursuing]] the eastern host who had ravaged [[Sodom]] and taken [[Lot]] captive, Genesis 14:13-14 . </p> <p> 2. The small and well-watered valley from which the [[Hebrew]] spies obtained the specimen of grapes, which they suspended from a staff borne by two men for safe carriage to Moses, Numbers 13:22-27 32:9 Deuteronomy 1:24 . This valley is believed to be one which closely adjoins Hebron on the north, and still furnishes the finest grapes in the country, as well as pomegranates, figs, olives etc. </p>
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| == Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_80663" /> ==
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| <p> one of Abraham's allies, who dwelt with him in the valley of Mamre, and accompanied him in the pursuit of Chedorlaomer, and the other confederated kings, who pillaged Sodom and Gomorrah, and carried away Lot, Abraham's nephew, Genesis 14:24 . Also the valley or brook of Eshcol was that in which the Hebrew messengers, who went to spy the land of Canaan, cut a bunch of grapes so large that it was as much as two men could carry. It was situated in the south part of Judah, Numbers 13:24; Numbers 32:9 . </p>
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| == People's Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_70046" /> ==
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| <p> Eshcol ( ĕsh'kŏl), bunch, or duster, Valley of. A valley in the land of Canaan. Numbers 13:23-24; Numbers 32:9; Deuteronomy 1:24. It was in the southern part of this land where [[Van]] Lennep found clusters of grapes 18 inches in length, and it is said that bunches weighing from 12 to 20 pounds are still found in southern Palestine. </p>
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| == Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary <ref name="term_47718" /> ==
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| <p> This was a valley or brook, so called, in the south of Judah, and perhaps took its name from the clusters of grapes there abounding. The name Eshcol, indeed, means bunch of grapes. It was in this place the spies sent by [[Moses]] to search the land cut down one bunch, which required two men to carry. (See Numbers 13:23-24) </p> <p> See Cluster. </p>
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| == Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_72353" /> ==
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| <p> Esh'col. (cluster of grapes). [[Brother]] of Mamre, the Amorite and of Aner, and one of Abraham's companions, in his pursuit of the four kings, who had carried off Lot. Genesis 14:13; Genesis 14:24. (B.C. 1912). </p>
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| == Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_66029" /> ==
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| <p> Brother of [[Aner]] and Mamre, and one of the three Amorite allies of Abraham when he pursued the kings who had carried off Lot. Genesis 14:13,24 . </p>
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| == Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_39821" /> ==
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| Numbers 13:23 Genesis 14:13
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| == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_39178" /> ==
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| <p> (Hebrew Eshkol', אֶשְׁכֹּל [twice plenu אֶשְׁכּוֹל, Numbers 13:24; Numbers 33:9], a bunch of grapes), the name of a man and also of a place. </p> <p> 1. (Sept. Ε᾿σχώλ , [[Josephus]] Ε᾿σχώλης, Vulg. Eschol.) A young Amoritish chieftain, who, with his brothers Mamre and Aner, being in alliance with Abraham, when the latter resided near Hebron, joined him in the recovery of Lot from the hands of Chedorlaomer and his confederates ( Genesis 14:13; Genesis 14:24; comp. 13:18). B.C. cir. 2085. According to Josephus (Ant. 1:10, 2) he was the foremost of the three brothers, but the Bible narrative leaves this quite uncertain (comp. Genesis 14:13 with 24). Some have thought that the name of Eshcol remained attached to one of the fruitful valleys in that district till the arrival of the [[Israelites]] ( Numbers 13:24), who then interpreted the appellation as significant of the gigantic "cluster" (in Hebr. eshcol) which they obtained there; but this does not accord with the independent origin of the latter name as assigned in the narrative (see below). </p> <p> 2. A wady ( נִחִל, winter-torrent; Sept. and Vulg. [translating likewise the name itself] φάραξ βότρυος, vallis botri, or [ Numbers 13:24] Nehelescol; A.V. "brook" and "valley") in which the Hebrew spies obtained the fine cluster of grapes which they took back with them, borne " on a staff between two," as a specimen of the fruits of the Promised Land ( Numbers 13:24). The cluster was doubtless large; but the fact that it was carried in this manner does not, as usually understood, imply that the bunch was as much as two men could carry, seeing that it was probably so carried to prevent its being bruised in the journey. (See [[Grape]]). </p> <p> From the fact that the name had existed in this neighborhood centuries before, when Abraham lived there with the chiefs Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre, not Hebrews, but [[Amorites]] (see Genesis 14:13), many have supposed that the appellation in this instance ("because of the cluster, הָאֶשְׁכּוֹל, Sept. βότρυς, Vulg. torrens botri) was merely the Hebrew way of appropriating the ancient name derived from that hero into the language of the conquerors, consistently with the paronomastic turns so much in favor at that time, and with a practice traces of which are deemed to appear elsewhere; but it is more probable that the same reason which led the Israelites to apply to the valley such a designation, had operated also among the original possessors of the soil. In that case the Amoritish chieftain may have been so called (that dialect being doubtless akin to the Heb.) from his fertile region. From the terms of two of the notices of this transaction ( Numbers 32:9; Deuteronomy 1:24), it might be inferred that Eshcol was the farthest point to which the spies penetrated; but this would contradict the express statement of Numbers 13:21, that they went as far northward, as Rehob. They must, therefore, either have carried the bunch of grapes this whole distance and back, or, as is more likely, they cut it on their return. From the context ( Numbers 13:22), the valley in question seems to have been in the vicinity of Hebron. Accordingly, the valley through which lies the commencement of the road from Hebron to [[Jerusalem]] is traditionally indicated as that of Eshcol. This valley is now full of vine. yards and olive-yards, the former chiefly in the valley itself, the latter.up the sides of the inclosing hills. "These vineyards are still very fine, and produce the finest and largest grapes in all the country" (Robinson, Researches, 1:317). Eusebius, however (Onomast. s.v. φάραγξ βότρυος ), places it, with some hesitation, at Gophna, 15 miles north of Jerusalem, on the [[Neapolis]] road. By [[Jerome]] it is given as north of Hebron, on the road to Bethsur (Epitaph. Paulae). The [[Jewish]] traveler Ha-Parchi speaks of it as north of the mountain on which the (ancient) city of Hebron stood (Benjamin of Tudela, ed. Asher, 2:437); and here the name has apparently been observed still attached to a spring of remarkably fine water called 'Ain-Eskali, in a valley which crosses the vale of Hebron north-east and southwest, and about two miles north of the town (Van de Velde, Narrative, 2:64). Dr. Rosen, however, still more recently, writes the name as Ain el-Rashkala (Zeitschr. d. morpenl. Gesellsch. 1858, page 481). </p>
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| == Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_15547" /> ==
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| <p> Eschol, 1 </p> <p> Esh´col (a cluster), one of the Amoritish chiefs with whom Abraham was in alliance when his camp was near Hebron, and who joined with him in the pursuit of Chedorlaomer and his allies, for the rescue of Lot . </p> <p> Eshcol, 2 </p> <p> The name of the valley in which the Hebrew spies obtained the fine cluster of grapes which they took back with them, borne 'on a staff between two,' as a specimen of the fruits of the Promised Land . The cluster was doubtless large; but the fact that it was carried in this manner does not, as usually understood, imply that the bunch was as much as two men could carry, seeing that it was probably so carried to prevent its being bruised in the journey. The valley of Eshcol probably took its name from the distinguished Amorite already mentioned, and is hence to be sought in the neighborhood of Hebron. Accordingly the valley through which lies the commencement of the road from Hebron to Jerusalem is indicated as that of Eshcol. This valley is now full of vineyards and olive-yards; the former chiefly in the valley itself, the latter up the sides of the enclosing hills. 'These vineyards are still very fine, and produce the finest and largest grapes in all the country.' </p>
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| ==References == | | ==References == |
| <references> | | <references> |
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| <ref name="term_35200"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/eshcol Eshcol from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | | <ref name="term_3498"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/eshcol+(2) Eshcol from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> |
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| <ref name="term_31446"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/eshcol Eshcol from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_50708"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/eshcol Eshcol from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_15973"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/eshcol Eshcol from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_80663"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/watson-s-biblical-theological-dictionary/eshcol Eshcol from Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_70046"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/people-s-dictionary-of-the-bible/eshcol Eshcol from People's Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_47718"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hawker-s-poor-man-s-concordance-and-dictionary/eshcol Eshcol from Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_72353"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/eshcol Eshcol from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_66029"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/eshcol Eshcol from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_39821"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/eshcol Eshcol from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_39178"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/eshcol Eshcol from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_15547"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/kitto-s-popular-cyclopedia-of-biblial-literature/eshcol Eshcol from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature]</ref>
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| </references> | | </references> |
