Difference between revisions of "Custom"

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== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_2581" /> ==
<p> ''''' kus´tum ''''' (tax): ( <i> a </i> ) הלך , <i> ''''' hălākh ''''' </i> , &nbsp;Ezra 4:13 , &nbsp;Ezra 4:10; &nbsp;Ezra 7:24 the King James Version; ( <i> b </i> ) בּלו , <i> ''''' belō ''''' </i> , &nbsp;Ezra 4:13 , etc.; ( <i> c </i> ) τελώνιον , <i> ''''' telōnion ''''' </i> , &nbsp;Matthew 9:9; &nbsp;Mark 2:14; &nbsp;Luke 5:27 , "receipt of custom" the King James Version, the Revised Version (British and American) "place of toll," the collectors' office; (d) τέλος , <i> ''''' télos ''''' </i> , &nbsp;Matthew 17:25 (the Revised Version (British and American) "toll"); &nbsp; Romans 13:7; 1 Macc 11:35 (the Revised Version (British and American) "tolls"; compare 1 Macc 10:31). The tax designated by <i> ''''' hălākh ''''' </i> in &nbsp;Ezra 4:13 , etc., is usually taken to mean a road tax, a toll, from root <i> ''''' hălākh ''''' </i> , but compare Winckler, <i> Altorientalische Forschungen </i> , II, 463, which derives from root <i> ''''' ilku ''''' </i> , a command, a decree, hence, an imposed tax. <i> ''''' Belō ''''' </i> from root <i> ''''' yābhal ''''' </i> is supposed to be a tax on merchandise or produce (as distinguished from "tribute" or the tax on houses, lands and persons), usually paid in kind and levied for the support of the native or provincial government. See Ryle, <i> [[Cambridge]] Bible </i> , Ezra-Nehemiah, in the place cited. <i> ''''' Telos ''''' </i> in New [[Testament]] and Macc is an indirect tax farmed out to the publicans. </p>
       
==References ==
<references>


Custom <ref name="term_2583" />
<ref name="term_2581"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/custom+(1) Custom from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref>
<p> ''''' kus´tum ''''' (usage): In the Old Testament, except, &nbsp; [[Genesis]] 31:35 where the Revised Version (British and American) renders, better, "manner" ( דּרך , <i> ''''' derekh ''''' </i> , "way"), the words translated "custom" are <i> ''''' ḥōḳ ''''' </i> , <i> ''''' ḥuḳḳāh ''''' </i> , "statute," and <i> ''''' mishpāṭ ''''' </i> , "judgment." Such passages as &nbsp;Judges 11:39; &nbsp;Jeremiah 32:11 , and especially &nbsp;Ezra 3:4 (the King James Version "custom," the Revised Version (British and American) "ordinance"), illustrate the difficulty of deciding upon the proper translation, in cases where "custom" might become "statute," "usage" establish itself as "law." In &nbsp; Leviticus 18:30; &nbsp;Jeremiah 10:3 the reference is to heathen religious practices. </p> <p> In the New [[Testament]] &nbsp;Luke 1:9; &nbsp;Luke 2:42; &nbsp;Acts 6:14; &nbsp;Acts 15:1 (the King James Version "manner"); &nbsp; Acts 16:21; &nbsp;Acts 21:21; &nbsp;Acts 26:3; &nbsp;Acts 28:17 ( ἔθος , <i> ''''' éthos ''''' </i> ), and &nbsp;Luke 2:27 from the same Greek root, refer likewise to definitely established <i> religious </i> practices; in every case except &nbsp; Acts 16:21 , those of the [[Jewish]] law. The Revised Version (British and American) makes the translation of <i> ''''' ethos ''''' </i> uniform, reading "custom" in &nbsp;Luke 22:39 (the King James Version "wont") and in &nbsp; John 19:40; &nbsp;Acts 25:16; &nbsp;Hebrews 10:25 (the King James Version "manner"). Greek εἰωθός , <i> ''''' eiōthós ''''' </i> , from the same root, is rendered "custom" in &nbsp;Luke 4:16 by English [[Versions]] of the Bible, and by the Revised Version (British and American) also in &nbsp; Acts 17:2 , its only other occurrence in the New Testament. In &nbsp;John 18:39; &nbsp;1 Corinthians 11:16 "custom" is the translation of Greek <i> ''''' sunḗtheia ''''' </i> , in the sense of "usage" rather than of "law." </p>
       
 
== References ==
<references>
<ref name="term_2583"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/custom+(2) Custom from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref>
</references>
</references>

Revision as of 15:01, 16 October 2021

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [1]

kus´tum (tax): ( a ) הלך , hălākh ,  Ezra 4:13 ,  Ezra 4:10;  Ezra 7:24 the King James Version; ( b ) בּלו , belō ,  Ezra 4:13 , etc.; ( c ) τελώνιον , telōnion ,  Matthew 9:9;  Mark 2:14;  Luke 5:27 , "receipt of custom" the King James Version, the Revised Version (British and American) "place of toll," the collectors' office; (d) τέλος , télos ,  Matthew 17:25 (the Revised Version (British and American) "toll");   Romans 13:7; 1 Macc 11:35 (the Revised Version (British and American) "tolls"; compare 1 Macc 10:31). The tax designated by hălākh in  Ezra 4:13 , etc., is usually taken to mean a road tax, a toll, from root hălākh , but compare Winckler, Altorientalische Forschungen , II, 463, which derives from root ilku , a command, a decree, hence, an imposed tax. Belō from root yābhal is supposed to be a tax on merchandise or produce (as distinguished from "tribute" or the tax on houses, lands and persons), usually paid in kind and levied for the support of the native or provincial government. See Ryle, Cambridge Bible , Ezra-Nehemiah, in the place cited. Telos in New Testament and Macc is an indirect tax farmed out to the publicans.

References