| <p> '''''kush''''' ( כּוּשׁ , <i> '''''kūsh''''' </i> ): </p> <h4> 1. The Ancestor of Many [[Nations]] </h4> <p> (1) The first of the sons of Ham, from whom sprang Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, [[Raamah]] and Sabtecah. He was also the father of Nimrod, who rounded [[Babel]] (Babylon) and the other great states of [[Shinar]] or [[Babylonia]] ( [[Genesis]] 10:6-8 ). The meaning of the name is uncertain. </p> <p> (2) The name of the country around which the [[Gihon]] flowed ( Genesis 2:13 ), rendered "Ethiopia" in the King James Version, but in view of the distance of that country from the other rivers mentioned, this seems to be an unlikely identification. </p> <h4> 2. A D istrict of the [[Garden]] of Eden </h4> <p> Fried. Delitzsch has suggested ( <i> Wo lag das Paradies? </i> 74ff) that the watercourse in question is the canal <i> '''''Gu''''' </i> - <i> '''''h̬andê''''' </i> or <i> '''''Arah̬tu''''' </i> , which, coming from the South, entered [[Babylon]] a little to the East of the Euphrates, and, flowing alongside the Festival-Street, entered the [[Euphrates]] to the North of Nebuchadrezzar's palace. Koldewey ( <i> Tempel von Babylon und Borsippa </i> , 38) regards the <i> '''''Gu''''' </i> - <i> '''''h̬andê''''' </i> as the section of the Euphrates itself at this point. There is no indication, however, that the district which it enclosed was ever called <i> '''''Kûšu''''' </i> or Cush, and the suppression of the final syllable of <i> '''''Gu''''' </i> - <i> '''''h̬andê''''' </i> would remain unexplained. Moreover, the identification of Cush with a possible <i> '''''Cas''''' </i> , for <i> '''''Kasdu''''' </i> , "Chaldea," seems likewise improbable, especially as that name could only have been applied, in early times, to the district bordering on the [[Persian]] Gulf (see [[Chaldea]] ). </p> <h4> 3. Probably Not in Asia Minor </h4> <p> Another theory is, that the Cush of Genesis 2:13 is the <i> '''''Kusu''''' </i> of certain [[Assyrian]] letters, where it seems to designate a district in the neighborhood of Cappadocia. This identification apparently leads us back to an ancient tradition at one time current in the East, but later forgotten, which caused the Pyramus river to assume the name of <i> '''''Jı̂hûn''''' </i> (i.e. Gihon). This stream rises in the mountains Northeast of the Gulf of Alexandretta, and, taking a southwesterly course, flows into the [[Mediterranean]] near Karatash. Though nearer than the [[Ethiopian]] Cush, this is still too far West, and therefore unsatisfactory as an identification - all the streams or waterways of the Garden of Eden ought to flow through the same district. </p> <h4> 4. The Ethiopian Cush </h4> <p> (3) The well-known country of Cush or Ethiopia, from [[Syene]] ( Ezekiel 29:10 ) southward - E gyptian <i> '''''Kôs''''' </i> , [[Babylonian]] <i> '''''Kûšu''''' </i> , Assyrian <i> '''''Kûsu''''' </i> . This name sometimes denotes the land ( Isaiah 11:11; Isaiah 18:1; Zephaniah 3:10; Ezekiel 29:10; Job 28:19; Esther 1:1; Esther 8:9 ); sometimes the peopl ( Isaiah 20:4; Jeremiah 46:9; Ezekiel 38:5 ); but is in many passages uncertain. Notwithstanding that the descendants of Ham are always regarded as non-Semites, the Ethiopians, Ge'ez, as they called themselves, spoke a Semitic language of special interest on account of its likeness to Himyaritic, and its illustration of certain forms in Assyro-Babylonian. These Cushites were in all probability migrants from another (more northerly) district, and akin to the [[Canaanites]] - like them, dark, but by no means black, and certainly not Negroes. W. Max Müller ( <i> Asien und [[Europa]] </i> , 113 note) states that it cannot be proved whether the Egyptians had quite black neighbors (on the South). In earlier times they are represented as brown, and later as brown mingled with black, implying that negroes only came to their knowledge as a distinct and extensive race in comparatively late times. Moses' (first?) wife ( Numbers 12:1 ) was certainly therefore not a Negress, but simply a [[Cushite]] woman, probably speaking a Semitic language - prehistoric Ge'ez or Ethiopian (see Cushite [[Woman]] ). In all probability Semitic tribes were classed as Hamitic simply because they acknowledged the supremacy of the Hamitic Egyptians, just as the non-Sem Elamites were set down as [[Semites]] ( Genesis 10:22 ) on account of their acknowledging Babylonian supremacy. It is doubtful whether the Hebrews, in ancient times, knew of the [[Negro]] race - they probably became acquainted with them long after the Egyptians. </p> <h4> 5. [[Negroes]] Probably Not Included </h4> <p> In the opinion of W. Max Müller ( <i> Asien und Europa </i> , 112), the Egyptians, when they became acquainted with the Negroes, having no word to express this race, classed them with the <i> '''''neḥesē''''' </i> , which thereafter included the Negroes. If the [[Hebrew]] name [[Phinehas]] ( <i> '''''Pı̄''''' </i> - <i> '''''neḥāṣ''''' </i> ) be really [[Egyptian]] and mean "the black," there is still no need to suppose that this meant "the Negro," for no [[Israelite]] would have borne a name with such a signification. The treasurer of [[Candace]] queen of Meroë ( Acts 8:27-39 ) - the Ethiopian eunuch - was an Abyssinian, not a Negro; and being an educated man, was able to read the Hebrew [[Scriptures]] in the [[Greek]] (Septuagint) version. Cush ( <i> '''''mât Kusi''''' </i> , pr. <i> '''''Kushi''''' </i> ) is frequently mentioned in the Assyrian inscriptions in company with '''''Meluh̬h̬a''''' ( <i> '''''Meroh̬h̬a''''' </i> ) to indicate [[Ethiopia]] and Meroë. See [[Eden]]; [[Ethiopia]]; [[Table Of Nations]] . </p> | | <p> '''''kush''''' ( כּוּשׁ , <i> '''''kush''''' </i> ; [[Septuagint]] Χουσεί , <i> '''''Chouseı́''''' </i> , Ps 7 title): A B enjamite, perhaps he that "was without cause" the "adversary" of [[David]] (compare [[Psalm]] 7:4 ). See [[Cushi]] . </p> |
